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Topic: Surf Scoter

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Melanitta

Velvet Scoter

Common Scoter

King Eider

Merginae

Spectacled Eider

Heteronetta

Common Eider

Anatidae

	Marine Life Fact Sheets
		Surf scoters are also seen on the Atlantic coast of North America, while fl scoters and white-winged scoters are circumpolar, with populations extending to Europe and Asia.
		Scoters form pair bonds in winter areas or during spring migration, which are maintained and defended by males until incubation of eggs begins, at which point males fly off.
		The Puget Sound's scoter population is estimated to have declined by 50% in the last two decades A large scale die-off in the 1990's occurred in Southeast Alaska and although the cause is unknown, contaminants are suspected.
	whatcom-mrc.wsu.edu /Fact_Sheets/scoters.htm (680 words)

	Untitled Document
		This part of the study concerns the delineation of surf scoter (Melanitta perspecillata) populations and the specific habitats used by surf scoters for breeding and molting, of which little is known.
		Surf scoters appeared to use central parts of the boreal forests in Northern Québec as breeding areas and then moved to the Atlantic Coast, Hudson Bay, and James Bay for the molting period in July.
		In 2003 one of the female surf scoters nested in the Northwest Territories, and this location was the farthest west that we have tracked one of the instrumented ducks.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /resshow/perry/scoters/SurfScoter_Telemetry.htm (560 words)

	Surf Scoter
		Surf Scoters are common along both coasts of North America as far south as the Gulf of California and Florida in winter.
		The breeding range of the Surf Scoter includes two separate areas, one in interior Quebec and Labrador and a greater range including most of Alaska and extending east through the Northwest Territories to the southern Hudson Bay.
		Surf Scoters nest in brushy or wooded habitat along freshwater lakes and rivers and bogs, or in the open tundra, with nests often at some distance from water.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /surf_scoter_info.htm (633 words)

	White-winged, Black and Surf Scoter Habitat Model
		Surf scoters and white-winged scoters breed in northwest and north-central Canada (Savard et al.
		Scoters feed in open water, including the regularly flooded portions of the intertidal zone, and subtidal areas (Vermeer and Bourne 1982, Bordage and Savard 1995).
		Scoter foraging depth is usually < 10 m (Cottam 1939, Vermeer and Bourne 1982, Sanger and Jones 1984, Bordage and Savard 1995, Goudie et al.
	www.fws.gov /r5gomp/gom/habitatstudy/metadata/scoter_models.htm (1168 words)

	Surf Scoter Migration: The Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) spend the winter along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts and nest in the boreal forests and tundra of Alaska and Canada.
		Male surf scoters are very easy to spot with their multi-colored bill, glossy fl body, and distinctive white forehead and nape patches.
		Scoter studies are being conducted by many organizations in western North America, including the Canadian Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ducks Unlimited, Simon Fraser University, and University of Wyoming, coordinated through the Sea Duck Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan.
	www.werc.usgs.gov /scoter/plan.html (583 words)

	Surf Scoter--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ESTUARIES
		Surf scoters spend winters in estuaries and shallow marine coastal waters from the Aleutian Islands and South coast of Alaska to California and on the East Coast (Savard, 1998 and Goudie et al 1994).
		Surf scoters (N=22) were found oiled and free roaming on the beaches near the spill and 11 were taken alive to the cleaning station.
		Surf scoters (n=10) were among 6000 seabirds found dead from oiling after the barge Apex Houston discharged up to 25,800 gallons of crude oil from Point Reyes to Monterey, California between January 28 and February 4, 1986 (Page et al., 1990).
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /bioeco/sscoter.htm (3219 words)

	surf scoter : Definition from the Online Dictionary at Datasegment.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		[1913 Webster] Surf bird (Zool.), a ploverlike bird of the genus Aphriza, allied to the turnstone.
		Surf clam (Zool.), a large clam living on the open coast, especially Mactra solidissima (syn.
		Surf duck (Zool.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the genus Oidemia, especially Oidemia percpicillata ; -- called also surf scoter.
	onlinedictionary.datasegment.com /word/surf+scoter (119 words)

	Surf Scoter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Scoters spend their winters just beyond the breaking surf on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and they are well adapted to life on rough water.
		Scoters use their strong, sturdy bills to wrench shellfish from their winter ocean homes.
		Surf Scoters are often seen in the company of look-alike White-winged Scoters.
	www.birdguide.com /brdpgs/166.htm (277 words)

	Surf Scoters
		Surf scoters are a stout diving duck belonging to the tribe Mergini (Bellrose 1980).
		Surf Scoters are being studied by CWE researcher Sam Iverson.
		Adult male surf scoters are fl, with conspicuous white patches on the forehead and nape, distinguishing multicolored bills, white eyes, and orange legs and feet.
	www.sfu.ca /biology/wildberg/species/surfscot.html (880 words)

	Surf Scoter Tracking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Each year as much as 78% of the surf scoter population wintering in the lower Pacific Flyway is found in the SFB estuary (Accurso 1992, Trost 2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 2002).
		First, we will study surf scoter winter foraging ecology and determine relationships between foraging patterns and the high concentrations of contaminants they are known to accumulate in SFB.
		Examine foraging ecology and contaminant uptake of surf scoter wintering in the SFB estuary.
	www.werc.usgs.gov /scoter/study2.html (2296 words)

	USGS Release: Finding the Needle in a Big Haystack: Locating Surf Scoter Nests in the Northern Boreal Forest (6/30/2005)
		By marking individual surf scoters with satellite and radio transmitters while these sea ducks wintered in San Francisco Bay, the team has been able to document the birds’ spring migration from wintering grounds to breeding grounds.
		The San Francisco Bay area supports the largest wintering population of surf scoters in the Pacific Flyway; however, it is also home to 8 million people who outnumber the surf scoters by 250 to 1.
		Surf scoters found in San Francisco Bay have elevated mercury levels, but little is known about the effects of this contaminant on their breeding success.
	www.usgs.gov /newsroom/article.asp?ID=725 (693 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Anatidae - Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata)
		The female Common Scoter lacks defined white patches on the head, but the lower half of the head is lighter than the top half.
		Overwintering Range: The Surf Scoter overwinters along both coasts of North America from Alaska to Southern California in the west and Newfoundland to Texas in the east.
		Behavior: The Surf Scoter is a diving duck, diving and swimming underwater during its search for food.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/ducks/Mpersp.htm (331 words)

	Coastal Vertebrates Photo Gallery
		This female surf scoter is distinguished by the white patch on the nape (back of the head).
		Surf scoters spend most of the year on the Pacific Coast, then spends a short breeding season on its ARctic breeding grounds.
		They are found in the surf, among the waves, as their name suggests.
	www.smccd.net /accounts/snitovsky/verts.htm (321 words)

	Identification guide - Surf Scoter
		Surf Scoters are sea ducks, wintering on open coastal waters.
		Drakes can be distinguished from other scoters by the two white patches on their head and the bright color of the bill.
		Surf Scoters feed on mollusks, crabs, and some fish and very little vegetation.
	www.qc.ec.gc.ca /faune/guide/html/macreuse_fbl_e.html (91 words)

	Latest 2/27/05 - Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Image # 18604 : Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata - 2/27/05 - Nikkor VR 80-400mm lens with a Nikon D100.
		Image # 18529 : Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata - 2/27/05 - Nikkor VR 80-400mm lens with a Nikon D100.
		All three types of Scoters can be found at the Barnegat Light area.
	www.1000birds.com /latest20050227SUS.htm (64 words)

	Surf Scoter at Little Bennett Golf Course, Clarksburg, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		This male surf scoter was first observed on the western pond at
		Additionally, there is a nearby environmental area on the golf course that is known to harbor a fox, and raccoons are also residents of the course.
		This photo shows just how surprisingly small the surf scoter was -- not much larger than a gosling.
	members.aol.com /FinchMG/scoter.htm (204 words)

	Surf Scoter - Brilzee-eend
		This meant for the scoter flocks that the birds seeked 'shelter' from the wind rather close inshore.
		Surf Scoter - Brilzee-eend Melanitta perspicillata adult male in a flock of Common Scoters M.
		Surf Scoter - Brilzee-eend Melanitta perspicillata first-winter male in a flock of Common Scoters M.
	www.warbler.phytoconsult.nl /surf_scoter.htm (512 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Surf Scoter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Adult male: An all fl scoter with greatly enlarged and highly coloured bill; two sharply defined white patches, one on the forehead and the other on the nape.
		Winters on the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to Florida, and on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Baja California.
		The three scoters are commonly but erroneously called "coots," and because of the fl and white head of the drake, the Surf Scoter is commonly called the "skunk-head coot."
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0073.htm (261 words)

	Melanitta perspicillata - Macreuse à front blanc - Surf Scoter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Surf Scoter nests inland where it can be found near shallow lakes and rivers.
		Although the North American Surf Scoter population is smaller than the White-winged Scoter, its nesting area makes it the most widely spread out scoter species in Canada.
		The Surf Scoter does not seem to react to the reports of firearms during the hunting season.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Birds/MSS/Anglais/mblanc.htm (282 words)

	MTY miss04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Every fall and winter "Black Scoters" are reported in Monterey Bay that are young male Surf Scoters just getting yellow or orange color to the base of the bill, and often are compared to more obvious male Surf Scoters.
		There is variation in the extent of white on the faces of female Surf Scoters, and sometimes white patches seem to "merge" into a white cheek patch, suggesting the pattern of female Black Scoter.
		Surf Scoters are very common in winter around Monterey Bay, and some non-breeders remain to summer each year.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/mtymiss04.html (383 words)

	Surf Scoter - Wildlife - Presidio of San Francisco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		A Surf Scoter swims off of Baker Beach.
		The Surf Scoter feeds primarily on mollusks, but it also eats fish and crustaceans, which are caught by diving.
		The females are a dusky brown with light spots on the sides of its head.
	www.nps.gov /prsf/nathist1/wildlife/birds/surfscoter.htm (119 words)

	Natural History of the Waterfowl: Surf Scoter
		The only scoter confined as a breeding species to America, Surf Scoters are among the least studied of northern waterfowl.
		Named for their propensity to forage in ocean surf and breaking waves, the specific name perspicillata is from the Latin for conspicuous or spectacular, in reference to the bizarre, multicolored drake bill.
		However, the loud humming wingbeats of Surf Scoters are slightly slower, and they seldom fly in lines, tending instead to bunch up in large, irregular formations.
	www.virtualbirder.com /vbirder/ibis/SUSC/SUSC401.html (545 words)

	White-winged and Surf Scoter - Melanitta fusca, Melanitta perspicatta
		People know the three species of scoters when they look at the pictures of the males in the bird book, but call the ones they see ‘fl ducks’ or ‘pie ducks’.
		People value these birds because they are fat and tasty, and not too difficult to harvest on the river in the spring and late fall.
		Surf Scoters near Herschel are twice as common as White-winged Scoters.
	www.taiga.net /wmac/aklavikreport/scoter.html (418 words)

	Surf-scoter Devlin boat building asia thailand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Surf Scoter is a semi-displacement power boat offering comfortable cruising at a respectable speed of 12 to 17 knots.
		The Surf Scoter has been designed around a 90 hp.
		The Surf Scoter's all-up displacement is 3300 lbs., and she carries almost 50 gallons of water as interior ballast.
	www.promaritime.com /surf-scoter.html (259 words)

	* Scoter - (Bird): Definition
		The Velvet Scoter breeds in the taiga and tundra of northern Europe, Asia and North America...
		The White-winged Scoter, the largest of the Scoters, is also the Scoter most likely to be found in South Dakota...
		The surf scoter is abundant October to April, and common late September and early May,
	en.mimi.hu /bird/scoter.html (270 words)

	All About Birds
		A fl-and-white seaduck common on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts in winter, the Surf Scoter has a boldly patterned head that is the basis for its colloquial name "skunk-headed coot."
		The Surf Scoter breeds on freshwater lakes, where the male defends a moving area around the female.
		Accidental exchanges of young among Surf Scoter broods are frequent on crowded lakes.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Surf_Scoter.html (200 words)

	eNature.com Nature Guides
		The so-called "Skunk-head" is the only one of the three scoters confined to the New World, and is the most common scoter on the Pacific Coast in winter, where it sometimes feeds quite close to rocky headlands and in shallow inlets.
		These birds are similar in their habits to the other scoters but are more often seen diving for mollusks and crustaceans along the line of breaking surf.
		These scoters depart for breeding grounds in early spring, but a few, usually young males, may spend their second summer on wintering grounds.
	www.enature.com /flashcard/show_flash_card.asp?recordNumber=BD0420 (157 words)

	Natural History of the Waterfowl: Surf Scoter
		Laid in late June and July, Surf Scoter eggs were not viewed by naturalists until just over a century ago, and downy young remained undescribed until 1920.
		While Surf Scoters remain reasonably numerous, there is evidence of a considerable decline in the early part of the century.
		Least numerous of the scoters worldwide, the population was estimated at 765,000 in the mid-1970s.
	www.virtualbirder.com /vbirder/ibis/SUSC/SUSC402.html (562 words)

	HOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		On this web page I hope to be able to provide you with a detailed account of the building and use of my fly-fishing pram, the "Surf Scoter".
		Surf Scoters are ducks that spend much of their time in our coastal bays, catching fish; it therefore seemed an appropriate name for the boat.
		I chose this model (the D4, which is basically a modified sailing "sabot") because I'd seen similar boats in use at King Harbor.
	home.earthlink.net /~amstoehr (311 words)

	Surf scoter or ruddy?
		Chris anything is possible and although a Surf Scoter is generally found in a saltwater environment nature may have allowed a wayward duck to show up in Utah.
		A Surf Scoter bill is pretty large, has a thick "hump" above the nostrils, and a raised, fl spot on each side of the upper mandible, and the eye is snow white.
		The bill is all brown and the bird is all brown also except for some slight "lighter" streaking on the side of the face.
	www.taxidermy.net /forums/BirdTaxiArticles/02/a/025A5A0C7F.html (413 words)

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