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Topic: Surface chemistry

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	Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group - CSD
		Surface chemistry and catalytic properties of metal oxides related to automotive
		Surface reactions studied by thermal desorption, photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy.
		Surface structure studied by low energy electron diffraction, photoelectron diffraction and soft x-ray photoabsorption.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/csd/Research_areas/SCC_group.html (249 words)

	Surface chemistry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Surface chemistry is the study of chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, usually between a gas and a solid or between a liquid and a solid.
		Another important aspect of surface chemistry studies is to determine whether a molecule attaches itself to a surface by chemisorption or by physisorption.
		Surface chemistry is of particular importance to the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surface_chemistry (226 words)

	AllRefer.com - surface chemistry (Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		surface chemistry, study of chemical reactions in which the reactants are first adsorbed onto a surface medium (see adsorption) that then acts as a catalyst for the reaction; after the reaction the products are desorbed and the surface is left unchanged.
		An example of a surface reaction is the reaction of an unsaturated organic molecule with hydrogen on finely divided platinum or with bromine on finely divided silica.
		Enzyme reactions can, in principle, also be considered surface reactions, since the reaction takes place on the enzyme surface after the enzyme has bound the reactants; however, usually only heterogeneous (two-phase) reactions are considered true surface reactions, while enzyme reactions are homogeneous (one-phase) systems.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/surfacec.html (255 words)

	Surface chemistry -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One important field of surface chemical research is related to (Click link for more info and facts about surface functionalization) surface functionalization, which aims at modifying the chemical composition of a surface by incorporation of selected chemical elements or functional groups.
		Another important aspect of surface chemistry studies is to determine whether a molecule attaches itself to a surface by (Adsorption (especially when irreversible) by means of chemical instead of physical forces) chemisorption or by (Click link for more info and facts about physisorption) physisorption.
		Surface chemistry is of particular importance to the field of heterogeneous (Acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction) catalysis.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/surface_chemistry.htm (331 words)

	Encyclopedia: Surface chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Chemistry (in Greek: Ï‡Î·Î¼ÎµÎ¯Î±) is the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo.
		Chemisorption is a process whereby a molecule adheres to a surface through the formation of a chemical bond, as opposed to physisorption where that is not the case.
		In chemistry and biology, catalysis is the acceleration of the reaction rate of a chemical reaction by means of a substance, called a catalyst, that is itself unchanged chemically by the overall reaction.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Surface-chemistry (536 words)

	Surface - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In mathematics (topology), a surface is a two-dimensional manifold.
		The surface of a fluid object, such as a rain drop or soap bubble, is an idealisation.
		This notion of a surface is distinct from the notion of an algebraic surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surface (639 words)

	Surface Chemistry - ChBE - SCS - UIUC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Surface chemistry is the study of the chemical reactions which occur when a molecule comes in contact with a solid or liquid surface.
		Given the importance of surface chemistry, it is not surprising that there has been considerable research on surface reactions.
		Research in surface chemistry is a vital area, with sophisticated equipment and the funding to make a difference.
	www.scs.uiuc.edu /chem_eng/Research/SurfChem.html (383 words)

	Silica Aerogels - Surface Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is not surprising, therefore, that the chemistry of the interior surface of an aerogel plays a dominant role in its chemical and physical behavior.
		The nature of the surface groups of a silica aerogel is strongly dependent on the conditions used in its preparation.
		Because of this, silica aerogels with hydroxyl surface are extremely hygroscopic.
	eande.lbl.gov /ECS/aerogels/saschem.htm (564 words)

	John T. Yates, Jr. - University of Pittsburgh
		Professor Yates' research group is engaged in a variety of surface chemistry studies on both single crystal and high area substrates.
		A number of new surface measurement techniques are being developed and used in the group for the study of molecular processes on metal, semi-conductor, and insulator surfaces.
		In addition, parallel studies of surface chemistry on supported metal cluster surfaces on metal oxide surfaces and on carbon nanotube surfaces are being undertaken using high sensitivity transmission IR methods.
	www.chem.pitt.edu /people/faculty.asp?FacID=53 (729 words)

	Chemistry.org: Science that Matters - brought to you by the American Chemical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Understanding the surface nature of fine particles of toners used in xerography, phosphors used in TV screens, and the pigments used in paints, colorings, and coatings is important for optimum performance, too.
		Because colloid and surface science often involves the development and application of new and existing products, opportunities in technical sales and marketing and developing new business are available for those who have worked on the laboratory bench and possess good communication, presentation, and interpersonal skills.
		Colloid and surface chemistry is involved in every segment and niche of clinical diagnostics and the specialty chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
	chemistry.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=vc2\3wk\wk3_col.html (1485 words)

	Surface chemistry protects metals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		But new advances in the chemistry of the surface of materials are helping to hold that off for as long as possible.
		For 30 years, he has studied the chemistry of surfaces, which are the top few atoms on a material.
		The surface chemistry studies have a direct impact on the interior walls of cylinders with high gas pressure, such as the cylinders used by hospitals, fire fighters and scuba divers.
	www.newss.ksu.edu /WEB/News/NewsReleases/surface41802.html (674 words)

	Surface & Interface Chemistry
		The surface of a medium whether it be a liquid or a solid has very special properties which are often quite distinct from the bulk substance.
		The surface of a semiconductor can have very different electronic properties than the bulk due to the molecular orbitals of the surface atoms which are left "dangling" as the bulk lattice is terminated.
		Several research groups are involved in studies of surfaces and interfaces at the University of Oregon that examine a range of environmentally, biologically and technologically important surfaces and interfaces using a wide range of methods and techniques.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~chem/surface.html (200 words)

	Background: Surface Chemistry
		When a surface is initially exposed to a gas, the average number of molecules on the surface increases with time.
		Gas adsorbs on a flat, uniform surface of the solid with a uniform heat of adsorption due to van der Waals forces between the gas and the solid.
		Heterogeneous nucleation is the nucleation on a foreign substance or surface, such as an ion or a solid particle.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /volcanoes/vc_web/background/S_chem.html (2829 words)

	Surface Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Surface force measurements on macroscopic samples are invaluable to obtain a detailed description of the thickness of the layer and the magnitude of repulsive and/or attractive forces when two amphipol-covered surfaces are brought closer together, as will often be the case in membrane protein crystallisation.
		When the surfaces are left in contact for a longer time an increase in the attraction is observed, which is likely due to an extra contribution to the attraction from hydrogen bonding between the sugar groups.
		Surface force measurements between surfactant layers adsorbed at solid -liquid, or air-liquid, interfaces give important clues to their end-applicability, particularly their ability to stabilise or destabilise foams, emulsions and dispersions.
	omega.physchem.kth.se /~nuclear/Annual/2000/surf.html (3458 words)

	Surface Chemistry
		It was not until some years later that the chemistry of surfaces was taken up again in the PCL, this time by Robert Gasser, who used ultra-high vacua to study the adsorption of gases on the surfaces of pure metals.
		Two noteworthy experiments on diffusion were the motion of water in clays, especially as influenced by the surface of the clay, and a study of the contribution of proton transfer to the overall diffusion of protons in acid solutions.
		The study of surface chemistry at the PCL will be strengthened by the arrival, in 1991, of Colin Bain from Cambridge.
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /history/surface.htm (1083 words)

	Surface Chemistry
		A highly interdisciplinary approach that blends scientific expertise in quantum chemistry, surface science, chemical dynamics, material science, solid-state chemistry and physics, density-functional and many-body theories provide the theoretical underpinning for planning, guiding, and interpreting the experimental studies in the Chemistry Division.
		Such problem areas include lubrication, surface modification to reduce wear or corrosion, fuel cells, electro-catalytic surfaces for environment and contaminant control, processing electronic devices by nanofabrication, nanolithography, sensors, dynamics of detonations, and high temperature stability of turbine components.
		The personnel in the Surface Chemistry Branch have an understanding of Navy problems and a reputation for willingness to assist the SYSCOMS, the Naval repair facilities and the fleet with problems relating to interface phenomena.
	www.chemistry.nrl.navy.mil /6170 (502 words)

	Gabor Somorjai, the father of modern surface chemistry
		Somorjai brought the study of surfaces out of the realm of physics into chemistry to study these interesting and important real-world problems, and in the process revolutionized thinking about the nature of chemical reactions.
		Somorjai was interested in surfaces important for their chemical properties, like platinum, the "father of all catalysts," which for nearly two centuries has been used to catalyze reactions such as the explosive conversion of hydrogen and oxygen to water.
		The reason is that, as you do chemistry, the surface restructures continuously to adapt to the chemistry that occurs, to optimize bonding.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2002/05/10_somorjai.html (1260 words)

	Clarkson University - Chemistry
		Chemistry is the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of matter; with the changes that occur in matter; and with the energy relationships involved in these changes.
		These are essential for modern technology and the chemistry program at Clarkson is strongly related to the advanced technical development in key industries.
		National and international recognition is reflected by four American Chemical Society awards in colloid and surface science as well as awards in analytical chemistry and electrochemistry.
	www.clarkson.edu /chemistry (198 words)

	Surface chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The specific retention behavior of solutes in adsorption chromatography at given eluent composition is governed mainly by the chemical nature of the silica surface.
		The synthesis and stability of surface bonded layers are also dependent on the silica surface chemistry, types of the surface silanols, and their reactivity.
		Most of the chromatographic properties of the silica surface are related to the interactions with silanol groups, although siloxane and hydrogen bonded silanols may also contribute to the surface activity.
	hplc.chem.shu.edu /NEW/HPLC_Book/Adsorbents/ads_chem.html (126 words)

	Surface Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is not surprising, therefore, that the chemistry of the interior surface of an aerogel plays a dominant role in its chemical and physical behavior.
		The nature of the surface groups of a silica aerogel are strongly dependent on the conditions used in its preparation.
		This value, combined with their high specific surface area, means that silica aerogels present an extremely large number of accessible hydroxyl groups.
	fourier.mech.virginia.edu /~microhx/surfacechemistry.html (570 words)

	A brief, nontechnical history of surface chemistry advances.
		Surface chemistry is the branch of chemistry that measures and analyzes the factors and forces that act at the surface of solids, liquids, and gases, or at the interfaces between two phases; such as the study of surface tension in liquids.
		People have been studying the effect of surface chemistry as a "natural science" for longer than you might think.
		Lord Rayleigh, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon," was the first to write about light being scattered particles, and to explain what gave the sunset its color.
	www.research.vt.edu /resmag/sciencecol/surface_chem.html (1061 words)

	Chem 539 Surface Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is the homepage for Chem 539 Surface Chemistry, a graduate course taught by Prof.
		Physical and chemical properties of solid surfaces; thermodynamics and kinetics of gas chemisorption; chemical bonding at surfaces; applications to catalysis and electronic materials.
		Nature of gas-solid interactions; surface analysis using electron and ion spectroscopies; thermodynamics at surfaces and interfaces; adsorption; molecular dynamics of gas-surface reactions; kinetics of adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, and reactions; physical-chemical properties of surfaces; atomic structure of surfaces and adsorbed layers; nature of the surface chemical bond; applications to heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductors, and electronic materials.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~koel/chem539 (265 words)

	Surface Chemistry
		A highly interdisciplinary approach that blends scientific expertise in quantum chemistry, surface science, chemical dynamics, material science, solid-state chemistry and physics, density-functional and many-body theories provide the theoretical underpinning for planning, guiding, and interpreting the experimental studies in the Chemistry Division.
		Such problem areas include lubrication, surface modification to reduce wear or corrosion, fuel cells, electro-catalytic surfaces for environment and contaminant control, processing electronic devices by nanofabrication, nanolithography, sensors, dynamics of detonations, and high temperature stability of turbine components.
		The personnel in the Surface Chemistry Branch have an understanding of Navy problems and a reputation for willingness to assist the SYSCOMS, the Naval repair facilities and the fleet with problems relating to interface phenomena.
	chemistry.nrl.navy.mil /6170 (502 words)

	Colloid and Surface Chemistry Division Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The goal of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry is to promote creative research: the exchange of scientific information by and between members representing the various disciplines that make up the DIvision.
		This award recognizes and encourages outstanding scientific contributions to colloid and surface chemistry in the United States and Canada.
		The Division administers the Cognis Fellowship in Colloid and Surface Chemistry.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=\Subportals\colloid\overview.html (403 words)

	Oxide Surface Chemistry at EMSL
		The solid-solid, solid-liquid, and solid-gas interfaces between these materials and the environment are the areas where the important chemical and physical processes occur in the atmosphere, the soil, and during the processing of chemical waste.
		This detailed knowledge of the surface and interface properties of metal oxides, silicates, hydroxides, carbonates, and clays is often key to understanding and solving many of these issues.
		Making significant contributions to research on these materials by establishing an integrated approach to oxide surface chemistry, which combines synthesis and characterization of model surfaces, determination of interfacial reactions, and theoretical modeling.
	www.emsl.pnl.gov /capabs/oxides/main.html (323 words)

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