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Topic: Surface condenser

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Surface Tension Surface tension influences the growth of bubbles in nucleate boiling and the drainage of condensate from certain enhanced condenser surfaces. It is a fluid property required in many two-phase heat transfer correlations. fluidproperties.nist.gov /surface.html   (32 words)

Lab Equipment - Laboratory Glassware & Plasticware - Condenser Tubes Graham condensers increase your cooling surface with an inner coil form. Liebig Condenser is a general purpose condenser that can be used for distillation and extraction. Condenser adapters are designed for directing the flow from a condenser tip. www.sciencelab.com /page/S/CTGY/10568   (149 words)

Condenser - Definition of Condenser by Webster Dictionary an apparatus for condensing steam, especially the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it into contact with metallic surface cooled by water or air. a vessel in which steam is condensed by the direct contact of water. (Physic) An instrument for condensing air or other elastic fluids, consisting of a cylinder having a movable piston to force the air into a receiver, and a valve to prevent its escape. www.webster-dictionary.net /definition/Condenser   (176 words)

Heating under reflux There should be no problem with vapour escaping - as it hits the cold surface of the condenser it will condense and drip back in to the flask. The Liebig condenser can be lightly clamped - its main purpose is to prevent the weight of the rubber tubing from twisting it over. Both the pear-shaped flask and the Liebig condenser should be clamped. www.halesowen.ac.uk /chemistry/heating_under_reflux.htm   (503 words)

Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Powered by XMB In a grahm condenser, the cooling water goes around the spiral, while in a reflux condenser, it goes through the spiral. I suggest a 300mm condenser for distillation, because of commonly distilled low-boiling cpds. If you are doing higher temp stuff with a condenser with an internal cooling coil, which is very efficient, it has more chance of cracking and the water goes straight into the reaction. www.sciencemadness.org /talk/viewthread.php?tid=3389   (4070 words)

glass Interchangeable glassware is versatile, accurate profile and a perfectly circular cross-section, good mechanical strength and surface finish maintained within within close limits. · CSGW offers a comprehensive range of Condensers which should cover most requirements of modern laboratory. www.centoptics.com /glass/glass2.htm   (64 words)

Glass and General Labware - Science Equipment Catalogue Borosilicate glass, an inexpensive condenser, giving greater surface area than corresponding Liebig type due to the bulb sections. Above Condensers can be supplied with Socket and Cone of size 14/23, 19/26, 24/29, 29/32 on extra cost. Designed for high degree of coolant turbulence and permits the use of thin wall tubing without sacrificing strength. www.esscoindia.com /catalogue/3,1,3.asp?page=3   (124 words)

dew.tex Therefore the inner surface of the crater may be considered as a surface of rotation with focus on the vertical axis of symmetry of the surface. Due to geometrical properties of the inner surface of the crater, the reflected rays are directed to the focus of the surface. The solar radiation received at the inner surface of the crater is partially absorbed by the surface, partially reflected and emitted. www.cs.biu.ac.il /~trakht/dew.tex   (124 words)

R.Exports DISTILLATION APPARATUS, vertical type with special type double surface condenser and automatic feeding arrangement with standard joints W/O stand and heating arrangement. DISTILLATION APPARATUS, Consist of R.B. Flask 1000 ml., recovery bend, inland revenue condenser 200 mm and receiver adapter. DISTILLATION APPARATUS, Consist of R.B. Flask 500 ml., still head, liebig condenser 400 mm., receiver adapter, Separating funnel 100 ml. www.rexportsindia.com /prod03.html   (124 words)

Edmund Optics The radius of a lens surface is considered positive if the distance from the vertex of the surface on the optical axis to the center of curvature of the surface is measured from left to right and negative if measured from right to left. Implicitly, the projection lens solution defines part of the condenser lens system; the distance of the condenser lens system to the projector lens system is at least as great as the distance from the reticle to the projector lens system (F2). When using a lens as a tool to convey light from an emitter to a detector, it is important to consider what is known as throughput (TP), a quantitative measurement of transmitted light energy. www.edmundoptics.com /techSupport/DisplayArticle.cfm?articleid=267   (2059 words)

High Flux Heat Transfer Tube with Aluminum Porous Coating On site measurements demonstrate that the boiling state heat generation coefficient of condenser is 6.3 times than that of condenser with smooth surface tubes. Aluminum porous surface tubes are made by special devices and support system under specific conditions. Aluminum porous surface can keep the tube wall at a temperature close to www.5continentsusa.com /h-trans.htm   (2059 words)

Patent 4150980: Aluminum alloy excellent in high-temperature sagging resistance and sacrificial anode property A plurality of fins comprising thin sheets are provided on outer surfaces of tubes which are members constituting a heat exchanger such as a radiator for a motercycle or an automobile, or a condenser for a cooler, in order to increase the radiating surface area of the tube. the balance aluminum and incidental impurities; said alloy including an aluminum alloy also containing zirconium of from 0.01 to 0.5% in weight percentage; said alloys being particularly adapted to be used as fin materials for tubes of a heat exchanger such as a radiator and a condenser. Said alloys are particularly adapted to be used as fin materials for tubes in a heat exchanger such as a radiator and a condenser. www.freepatentsonline.com /4150980.html   (2059 words)

ILLUMINATING - Online Information article about ILLUMINATING In order to let highly inclined rays pass out from the condenser, some immersion liquid must be placed between the upper surface of the condenser and the object slide. close to the axis of the condenser in the inside of the condenser, and are smaller than the limiting angle of the total reflection. prism p, which also revolves upon a horizontal axis, is placed as near as possible to the back lens of the objective. encyclopedia.jrank.org /I27_INV/ILLUMINATING.html   (2304 words)

EPRI: Low Pressure Steam Turbine Performance Losses of as much as 8% are associated with nucleation of moisture from superheated steam in the phase transition zone (PTZ), formation and release of liquid films on blade surfaces within the PTZ, and two-phase flow from the turbine into the condenser. In previous strategic work, surface tension was identified as a key influencing factor for steam nucleation and condensation: Lower surface tension can reduce droplet size, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing potential for erosion damage of turbine blades and nozzles. The approach involves installation of electrode arrays across the LP turbine exit in the turbine-condenser exhaust, where the two-phase fluid carries an electric charge that appears to depend on unit chemistry (see TR-113091). www.epri.com /targetSSTContent.asp?program=236618&value=01TSST501&objid=266782   (1039 words)

Helmholtz The electric force acting on equal quantities of electricity situated at the inside of one of the electric strata of a condenser is proportional to the electromotive force which has charged the condenser, and inversely proportional to the distance of the charged surfaces. Conversely, the force with which the positive electricity of an atom of hydrogen situated at the surface of the electrode itself is attracted toward the negatively charged metal increases in proportion as more negative electricity collects before it on the metal and more ions of hydrogen behind it in the fluid. Such is the mechanism by which electric force is concentrated at the surface of the electrodes and increased in its intensity to such a degree that it becomes able to overpower the mightiest chemical affinities we know of. dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Helmholtz-1881.html   (9718 words)

Myers Vacuum: Molecular distillation: the unique principle behind a unique process The absence of air molecules in the high vacuum still permits most of the distilling molecules to reach the condenser, with relatively few molecules returning to the liquid surface of film on the evaporator. As opposed to conventional atmospheric and low pressure packed distilling towers that use packing, these high vacuum stills utilize the heat of condensation as a prime body for radiant heat emission to the surface film on the evaporator. There is no predictable temperature at which distillation will occur; condensation begins whenever a sufficient temperature differential occurs between evaporator and condenser. www.myers-vacuum.com /mv1.html   (570 words)

James H. Rogers: Underground & Underwater Radio Antenna I have discovered that radio conductors or antennae are highly efficient when disposed horizontally to the surface of the earth but completely insulated therefrom and inclosed in an inclosing metallic covering screen or casing practically throughout their entire length, but insulated therefrom. In the course of my experiments I have discovered that grounded radio conductors or antenna are highly efficient when disposed horizontally or substantially parallel to the surface of the earth, and surrounded by or inclosed in a uniform metallic screen practically throughout their length, but insulated therefrom. These comprise a generator 15, transformer 16, spark gap 17, condenser 18 and key 19. www.rexresearch.com /rogers/1rogers.htm   (570 words)

List of Tesla patents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia U.S. Patent 567818 - Electrical Condenser- 1896 September 15 - Condenser constructed or provided with means for exclusion of air or gas; Armature composed of a conducting liquid; Armatures in two separate bodies of conducting liquid insulated electrically and contained in a receptacle; Insulating liquid seal on the surface of the conductive liquids. Free terminal and circuit of large surface with supporting structure and generating apparatus U.S. Patent 685012 - Means for Increasing the Intensity of Electrical Oscillations- 1900 March 21 - A method for producing a "great increase in the intensity and duration of the (electrical) oscillations excited in a freely-vibrating or resonating circuit by maintaining the same at a low temperature". en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Tesla_patents   (570 words)

CHAPTER X -- APPENDIX AND NOTES Upon charging the cable with the battery at K a charge of electricity enters the cable, and a quantity sufficient to charge the condenser passes through the galvanometer, deflecting the mirror until the condenser is charged equal to the tension of the point O---when the mirror will return to zero. The cable is, therefore, charged to the tension of the battery B, and the condenser to a tension equal to that of the point O---but owing to the high resistance at R the tensions are nearly the same. Electro-motive force consists in a sudden and constant difference in the tension of the points situated immediately upon opposite sides of the surface of junction between the zinc element and the liquid of the battery. www.insulators.com /books/mpet/chap10.htm   (9552 words)

Edmund Optics - Fresnel Lenses A Fresnel lens replaces the curved surface of a conventional lens with a series of concentric grooves, molded into the surface of a thin, lightweight plastic sheet. Fresnel lenses are most often used in light gathering applications, such as condenser systems or emitter/detector setups. The grooves act as individual refracting surfaces, like tiny prisms when viewed in cross section, bending parallel rays in a very close approximation to a common focal length. www.edmundoptics.com /IOD/DisplayProduct.cfm?Productid=2040   (216 words)

Edmund Optics - Aspherically Contoured Fresnel Lenses A Fresnel lens replaces the curved surface of a conventional lens with a series of concentric grooves, molded into the surface of a thin, lightweight plastic sheet. Fresnel lenses are most often used in light gathering applications, such as condenser systems or emitter/detector setups. The grooves act as individual refracting surfaces, like tiny prisms when viewed in cross section, bending parallel rays in a very close approximation to a common focal length. www.edmundoptics.com /IOD/DisplayProduct.cfm?productid=2039   (225 words)

Stereo Microphone AT849 Low-Frequency Condenser, Professional Recording, XLR Output Connectors Audio Technica Microphone - Stereo Boundary Microphone AT849 Low-Frequency Condenser, Professional Recording, XLR Output Connector, minimum visibility, surface vibration. Stereo Microphone AT849 Low-Frequency Condenser, Professional Recording, XLR Output Connectors www.proacousticsusa.com /productdetail.php?pId=729   (117 words)

Chapter 6 For power production applications where a Rankine cycle is used, condenser cooling water is drawn off the top of the pond and passed through the condenser and back to the surface, where it cools. The decision of whether to include flat -plate collectors as pre-heaters ultimately is based on the balance between performance and cost. Liquid collector absorber plates often consist of a flat sheet of metal with tubes spaced 10-25 cm (4-10 in.) apart and attached to it in some fashion (integral, brazed or press fitted). www.powerfromthesun.net /Chapter6/Chapter6.htm   (5229 words)

List of Tesla patents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia U.S. Patent 567818 - Electrical Condenser - 1896 September 15 - Condenser constructed or provided with means for exclusion of air or gas; Armature composed of a conducting liquid; Armatures in two separate bodies of conducting liquid insulated electrically and contained in a receptacle; Insulating liquid seal on the surface of the conductive liquids. U.S. Patent 517900 - Steam Engine - 1893 December 29 - Cylinder and reciprocating piston (with a spring) and controlling slide valve of an engine adapted to be operated by steam or a gas system under pressure of an independently controlled engine of constant period operating the said valve. U.S. Patent 381968 - Electro magnetic motor - 1888 May 1 - Mode and plan of operating electric motors by progressive shifting; Field Magnet; Armature; Electrical conversion; Economical; Transmission of energy; Simple construction; Easier construction; Rotating magnetic field principles. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tesla_patents   (3469 words)

AMMONIUM SALTS OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACID Connect the distillation head and splash traps to the distillation flask and vertical condenser, and arrange the condenser such that the outlet dips below the surface of 10 ml of 2% boric acid and 1 ml mixed indicator contained in a 500-ml conical flask. The flask should be approximately 2/3 filled with distilled water made slightly acid with dilute sulfuric acid TS and contain a few pieces of sintered glass to prevent bumping when the contents of the flask are vigorously boiled to act as a steam generator. Add to the distillation flask, via a funnel attached by means of a short piece of rubber tubing to the steam inlet tube, 75 ml 40% aqueous sodium hydroxide, and wash in with distilled water. apps3.fao.org /jecfa/additive_specs/docs/8/additive-0791.htm   (1344 words)

Large Steam System Condensers - Heat Exchanger  -  Engineers Edge Its suction is attached to the condenser, and it discharges to the atmosphere. The steam's latent heat of condensation is passed to the water flowing through the tubes of the condenser. A reduction in the heat transfer surface has the same effect as a reduction in cooling water flow. www.engineersedge.com /heat_exchanger/large_steam_condenser.htm   (1344 words)

DPD -- Steam Discuss barometric condensers and surface condensers, the advantage of using a condenser on a steam turbine, and how the air is removed from a condenser. Discuss the difference between an impulse and reaction turbine, an extraction turbine, back pressure turbine, reheat turbine compound turbine, and a re-entry turbine. Step by step procedure to start a condensing steam turbine generator from completely down and cold to synchronizing the generator with an active bus and loading the generator. www.cityofseattle.net /dpd/Enforcement/Licensing/Steam/DPD_001057.asp   (1344 words)

Fractional distillation The fractionating column can be filled with almost anything that gives it a large surface area - glass beads or spirals, bits of broken glass tubing, ceramic rings. The stillhead leads to the water condenser (Liebig condenser) which is connected to the receiver by a vented delivery bend. Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures of volatile liquids. www.rod.beavon.clara.net /fraction.htm   (147 words)

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