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Topic: Surface effect ship

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	Ship Building pg 3
		The ship was 98.2 m (322 ft) in length and had a cargo capacity of almost 3550 metric tons.
		Ships of this type as large as 145 metric tons in weight have been built, and speeds higher than 100 knots have been reached by smaller craft.
		As the ship moves through the water, part of the weight of the ship is supported by the bubble of air and the rest by water.
	www.ovayonda.org /boating/history_pg3.htm (1713 words)

	Structure of surface effect ship with side walls - Patent 4714041
		A surface effect ship as claimed in claim 2, wherein said stiffened transverse bulkheads number four, which four are located by pair toward the bow and toward the stern of said ship respectively.
		A surface effect ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transverse beam-like structure of the stiffened bulkhead is built-in within said hulls, said built-in area being bordered by two main vertical stiffeners.
		A surface effect ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein said side hulls comprise framing which is substantially longitudinal and continuous and said longitudinal stiffeners comprise main longitudinal stiffeners, deck stringers, secondary longitudinal deck stiffeners and secondary longitudinal hull stiffeners.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4714041.html (2282 words)

	Surface effect ship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Surface Effect Ship (SES) is a class of ship that has both an air cushion (like a hovercraft) and twin hulls (like a catamaran).
		When the air cushion is in use, a small portion of the twin hulls remain in the water.
		The Norwegian Navy have also one prototype Littoral Combat Ship SES, KNM [1], the Skjold class.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surface_effect_ship (285 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Twenty-First Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics (1997)
		The effect of airwake on the aircraft/ship interface operation is determined by the airflow disturbances caused by the ship that are perceptible to the pilot, and the final approach and landing patterns required for shipboard operation.
		The effect of ship pitch and roll becomes noticeable about one ship length away from the bulls eye, and is significant about half of ship length away, and turns very severe within the ship's stern.
		The effect of ship motion is implemented by simulating the steady-state flowfield over the basic ship configuration that has pitched and/or rolled with respect to the water surface.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309058791/html/1007.html (5730 words)

	Free Surface Effect, ship stability, naval architecture, tv, titanic, tankers, ballast, gravity, buoyancy, flooding in ...
		Ships carrying liquid cargo, or Tankers, have to be designed so as to minimize the effects of free liquid surface.
		If there is some dynamic force that makes a ship tilt to one side, notice how the oil in the tank finds its own level and tends to shift more towards the tilting side.
		Instead of righting the ship, the buoyancy force on the ship may even turn the ship in the same direction of tilt, and the ship rotates and overturns.
	www.free-marine.com /i8freesurface.htm (521 words)

	VMA - CFD codes for Ship Design
		The Newpan free surface module provides a capability to predict the unsteady, fully nonlinear response of a free surface to the unsteady motion of a floating or submerged body.
		A Dawson-type or rankine singularity free surface model is employed in which source panels are distributed over a local portion of the free surface and a linear free surface boundary condition is applied at each panel.
		The steady sinkage and trim of the ship can be modeled automatically by balancing the ship's hydrostatics with the computed heave force and pitch moment and iterating the SLAW calculation for the sunk and trimmed hull.
	www.bodrum-bodrum.com /vorteks/arsenal/cfdcodes.htm (1463 words)

	New Sovietskiy Perekat Surface Effect Ship Corvette
		Surface Effect Ships have rigid sidewalls for stability and support, with lift fans generating air which is trapped between the sidewalls and the flexible seals or "skirts" forward and aft.
		The crew of the Surface Effect Ship is actually larger than the Tashkent class due to the needs of the lift fans and other systems.
		The ship is fitted with an advanced polymer armors that allow the ship to withstand up to -200 MDC before losing structural integrity and sinking.
	www.kitsune.addr.com /Rifts/Rifts-Pre-Rifts-Vehicles/Soviet/NS_Perekat_Surface_Effect_Corvette.htm (2847 words)

	Surface effect ship seals - Patent 4489667
		This tendency to "bounce" upon the water surface is due to the "throttling" effect which takes place between the seal structure and the water surface in accordance with the well known Bernoullis theorem.
		Thus, the lowermost lobe of the seal is prone to vibrate and bounce on the surface of the water.
		At this point, the various elements, or lobes of the seal are prone to vibrate and bounce on the surface of the water and to slap together and apart at the natural frequency of the seal.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4489667.html (1755 words)

	MDC Surface Effect Ship, Vol 1 Technical Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A nominal 1000 Ton Surface Effect Ship concept design developed to fulfill postulated US Navy requirements is described.
		This is Volume I, which is the Technical Report presenting the ship's principal characteristics, performance, and description of the main sub-systems.
		A separate Volume II is a Cost Report presenting cost summary, cost details, basic construction cost estimating rationale, schedule, manpower distributions and appendices.
	www.foils.org /AMVCD2/mdcsurfaceeffectshipvol1.htm (184 words)

	Sea surface effect in sea surface temperature detection
		The sea surface effects in the sea surface temperature (SST) detection by satellite Remote Sensing were investigated by using the match-up data set composed of the NOAA-9/AVHRR brightness temperatures and the sea surface temperature by fixed buoys in Mutsu Bay.
		NOAA/AVHRR is a sensor for the sea surface temperature (SST), which was characteristics: the high radiometric resolution, the wide swath of view, the frequent observation cycle, etc. The atmospheric effect is a dominant disturbance in the SST observation and the split window function method is known as an effective algorithm for the correction.
		It is shown that the air-sea interacting effects might be one of the major disturbances in the SST estimation due to the split-window method.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1992/ocean/ocean008pf.htm (1662 words)

	Skjold
		The ship is not an experimental craft because she was designed and built to meet specific requirements.
		Having a minimum portion of the hull in the water reduces "skin drag:" friction created by the portion of a hull beneath the water's surface as a ship moves forward (or backward).
		Composite materials used in the ship's construction are the key to the Skjold prototype project and to the very concept of this class of littoral combat ship.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/europe/skjold.htm (702 words)

	Is KNM Skjold the Future of the Littoral Combat Ship? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The ship's high-speed capability could not be achieved with a traditional hull or catamaran design and without the lift fans.
		While twin-hulled ships and surface-effect technology themselves are not new to the Navy, combining all into one hull holds promise for the littoral combat ship (LCS) concept the Navy is studying.
		Andersen emphasized the ship's main offensive weapons will be surface-to-surface missiles, designed specifically for littoral warfare and, as such, having very high-resolution imaging and passive infrared seekers so they can discriminate targets in an archipelago area, along with a highly accurate navigation system.
	www.safetycenter.navy.mil /media/fathom/issues/JanMar03/isskjold.htm (1422 words)

	New Sovietskiy Redkiy Surface Effect Ship Frigate
		Roles envisioned were the same as for the smaller surface effect corvette with anti-submarine warfare and high speed missile strikes against surface targets.
		Still, the top speed of the frigate is slightly slower than the corvette sized surface effect ship with a top speed of 78 knots.
		The ship is fitted with an advanced polymer armors that allow the ship to withstand up to -400 MDC before losing structural integrity and sinking.
	www.kitsune.addr.com /Rifts/Rifts-Pre-Rifts-Vehicles/Soviet/NS_Redkiy_Surface_Effect_Frigate.htm (3036 words)

	Untitled Page
		The HeliFerry is an extreme surface effect ship in that almost all of the lift is provided by the air cushion, at least at cruising speed.
		Most ships are designed to remain in the water and travel at speeds of a dozen of knots while keeping the waves from hitting the deck.
		Several ship types such as hovercrafts and surface effect ships already feature powerful fans that pump air into a central cavity spared in the hull.
	users.telenet.be /heliferry/FAQ.html (358 words)

	Vehicles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The ship was one of the first to ever use the ocean stealth technology, and the UK only produced a handful of them before the Skydark.
		The Swedish stealth ship HMS Smyge is a purpose built test platform for developing stealth technology, test new weapon systems, sensors, communications systems and navigatin equipment as well as gaining experience with surface effect ships (SES).
		All structures consist of angled flat surfaces and all in- and outlets are screened or fitted with radar absorbent material, the engines' exhausts are cooled, using three different methods to evaluate them, and the use of water jets makes for a small noise signature.
	www.jamesaxler.com /outlanders/vehicles.htm (2090 words)

	Seakeeping and Vibration Tests of the Coast Guard 110 Foot Surface Effect Ship SEA BIRD Class (WSES) - Storming Media
		This 110-foot surface effect ship is a high-performance air-cushion-assisted craft, designed for on-cushion speeds of 30 knots in calm water and 25 knots in sea state 3.
		When cruising on cushion, the center portion of the hull is clear of the water and supported by the air cushion, thereby reducing the wetted surface area and decreasing the resistance and enabling higher speed.
		The ship is also capable of off-cushion operations at low speeds in all sea states.
	www.stormingmedia.us /05/0514/A051451.html (304 words)

	breaking the speed envelope for passeger ferries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		That lifting is achieved by hull designs that provide a dynamic lift to the ship as it moves through water, by the use of cushions or pockets of air to raise the ship, and by the use of strong materials that are even lighter than aluminum.
		The design was called the "Surface Effect Ship" or "SES." The Navy invested heavily in this technology through the mid-1980s, but there were problems with the flexible seals.
		Ship designers have also been saying, "why not make catamaran hulls of strong light weight composites laminated onto foam?" The result would be a light-weight vessel with a twin-hull design that could partially ride on air cushions and require a very low draft.
	www.baycrossings.com /Archives/2001/07_August/breaking_the_speed_envelope_for_passeger_ferries.htm (1673 words)

	M Ship Co. \| Specializing in Next Generation Hull Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		M Ship Co., parent company to the Mangia Onda Company, is an award-winning maritime design firm formed to develop the innovative M-hull technology.
		Later, as president of an international iron ore shipping and mining company, he sought to reduce the cost of ocean transportation as a means of expanding his markets for iron ore in Japan and Europe.
		M Ship Co., was formed to collaborate in the implementation of this breakthrough technology.
	www.mshipco.com /index.php?page_id=2 (1069 words)

	NDM Article - Navy’s Littoral Combat Ship Tests Contractors’ Creativity
		Given the LCS fast-track schedule—the Navy wants a ship in the water by 2007—there may not be enough time to go back to the drawing board if any problems arise during the operational testing phase.
		Composite ships are desirable for many reasons, such as the fact that they don’t require painting, said Chris B. McKesson, a ship architect at J.J. McMullen.
		Regardless of which ship is selected for the LCS, the program has huge industrial implications for the U.S. shipbuilding sector, because it could help invigorate a market that has been in decline for decades, Stitt said.
	www.nationaldefensemagazine.org /issues/2003/Jun/Navys_Littoral.htm (1625 words)

	SES 100-B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Vern, I thought that I would give you a bit of trivia, just in case anyone ever asks you what a Surface Effects Ship is. After the completion of the test program for the Saturn Moon Rockets, I was laid off by Rockwell Int.
		NEW ORLEANS -A sleek new,aluminum ship, as modern as tomorrow`s Navy, will soon skim on a gigantic bubble of air out of the same slip from which the mighty Apollo/Saturn moon-rockets have begun their journey to Cape Kennedy, Florida.
		A portion of the Michoud Assembly Facility here, where the National Aeronautics and Space Administration built the first stages of file Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles for Apollo missions during the 1960s, is being utilized today for the development of technology for file United States sea power of the 1980s.
	www.merchant-marine.com /ses_100-b.htm (685 words)

	Making Full Speed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Another, the surface effect ship, or SES, rides on a cushion of air generated by a big downward blowing fan.
		The main stress on such a ship comes from cargo and the force of waves passing beneath the hull.
		The hull arrangement of the reconfigured ship resembles that of a SWATH vessel, Berg said, which stands for "small waterplane area, twin hull." This design uses lifting bodies submerged beneath twin hulls to lower water drag on the vessel.
	www.memagazine.org /backissues/dec01/features/fullspd/fullspd.html (1214 words)

	Neoteric Hovercraft, Inc.
		Civilizations that mastered ship building and sailing inevitably prospered as centers of trade, culture and power, and the earliest cities were located on seashores or rivers.
		Soon after heavier-than-air flight began, it was discovered that flying close to the surface, within the width (cord) of the wing, requires less energy to remain in the air.
		Ground effect is a function of the width of the wing; to take advantage of the ground effect, any vehicle must fly above the ground at an altitude less than the distance between the leading and trailing edge of the wing.
	www.rescuehovercraft.com /general_info/historyof.htm (7466 words)

	Naval Technology - Umoe Mandal - Naval Ship Design and Shipbuilding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The company uses Surface Effect Ship (SES) technology as the basis for its design and construction of naval vessels, particularly Mine Countermeasures Vessels (MCMV) and Fast Patrol Boats (FPB).
		Most vessels designed and built by Umoe Mandal are based on SES (Surface Effect Ship) technology which combines the best features of hovercraft and catamaran hull design.
		Unlike the usual shipyard procedure in which ships are assembled on a slipway or drydock, Umoe Mandal shipyard moves vessels under construction from one workstation to another inside an 11,000 sq.
	www.naval-technology.com /contractors/warship/kvaerner (700 words)

	Surface effect ship (SES) hull configuration having improved high speed performance and handling characteristics
		A deep-V hull configuration for a surface effect ship (SES) thаt uses a cushion of pressurized air and improves the handling characteristics and effectiveness of the vessel is рrоvided by the development.
		The surface effect vessel hаs an air cushion recess for enclosing the pressurized cushion of air thаt hаs a sIoped trаnsition region оn a bow edge brink.
		Specialized drive shafts and prop configurаtions аre additional used to better the functioning of the surface effect vessel.
	www.patentalert.com /docs/000/z00017302.shtml (197 words)

	Why Would You Want a Mulithull Power Boat?
		Certainly there are the hybrids like the side wall hovercraft [or surface effect ship], which is a catamaran with front and aft skirts and forced air induction to lift the boat partially out of the water and thereby decrease drag.
		Whereas that of the displacement vessel is typically round bilge to minimise the wetted surface drag as its slim hull slices through the water virtually ignoring wave drag.
		Although the overall beam is 2.5m [8.2'] greater for the displacement boat, all this does is give a much larger interior space, it has negligible effect on the resistance curve as the displacements are still the same.
	www.powermultihulls.com /magazine/articles/why-multihull.htm (1407 words)

	URI News Bureau : Press Releases - Printable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He is creating numerical simulations of high-speed ship performance by using a numerical wave tank to simulate wave resistance on the Harley Surface Effect Ship.
		Harris describes the Harley Surface Effect Ship as a catamaran with air cushions under each hull, similar to a hovercraft but without flexible parts.
		“Ship designers use numerical models to help them scale up the size of their ships,” he said.
	www.uri.edu /news/releases/index.php?id=3234&print (486 words)

	intro
		A WIG boat is a boat with wings that cruises just above the water surface, it is floating on a cushion of relatively high-pressure air between its wing and the water surface.
		A more indepth explanation of ground effect aerodynamics can be found in the aerodynamics section.
		Flying boats and seaplanes experience the same hump drag at take-off, but they can utilise the excess power to achieve a higher top speed, which is generally not possible for WIG boats due to longitudinal stability issues.
	www.se-technology.com /wig/html/main.php?open=intro&code=0 (1039 words)

	Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability. Phase II. Volume 3. Visual-Motor Tasks and ...
		Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability.
		Abstract: From July through September 1975, a series of ship motion simulation experiments was conducted using the ONR Motion Generator at Human Factors Research, Inc., Goleta, CA.
		These experiments (designated Phase II) were part of a program sponsored by the Surface Effect Ship Project Office to establish the effects of SES motions on the health and performance of crew members.
	www.stormingmedia.us /92/9282/A928201.html (205 words)

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