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Topic: Surrealist

	ArtLex on Surrealist Art
		Influenced by the theories of the pioneer of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (German, 1856-1939), the images found in surrealist works are as confusing and startling as those of dreams.
		Surrealist works can have a realistic, though irrational style, precisely describing dreamlike fantasies, as in the works of René Magritte (Belgian, 1898-1967), Salvador Dalí (Spanish, 1904-1988), Yves Tanguy (French, 1900-1955), and Alfred Pellan (Canadian, 1906-1988).
		Massurrealist Society International is a contemporary surrealist group.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/s/surrealism.html (1356 words)

	Mark Harden's Artchive: "Dada and Surrealism"
		Surrealists approved of desire in its attack on reason and the Veristic Surrealism of Paul Delvaux (b 1897), in which women appear in the cool surroundings of noble architecture and exude an hallucinatory eroticism.
		In the work of the Veristic Surrealists, the surface of the painting tends to be flat and glossy: the viewer is reminded as little as possible that the illusion is composed of paint and the hallucinatory effect is thereby enhanced.
		After the end of the Surrealist epoch, this approach was carried into painting in New York by Arshile Gorky (1904-1948), the 'white writing' paintings of Mark Tobey (1890-1976) and, above all, the vast abstractions of Jackson Pollock which contain a strong element of drawing with paint while the artist was in an ecstatic trance.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/surrealism.html (1916 words)

	Surrealism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surrealists diagnosis of the "problem" of the realism and capitalist civilisation is a restrictive overlay of false rationality, including social and academic convention, on the free functioning of the instinctual urges of the human mind.
		Surrealists revived interest in Isidore Ducasse, known by his pseudonym “Le Comte de Lautréamont” and for the line “beautiful as the chance meeting on a dissecting table of a sewing machine and an umbrella”, and Arthur Rimbaud, two late 19th century writers believed to be the precursors of Surrealism.
		Surrealists have also drawn on sources as seemingly diverse as Clark Ashton Smith, Montague Summers, Fantomas, Bugs Bunny, comic strips, the obscure poet Samuel Greenberg and the hobo writer and humourist T-Bone Slim.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealism (4514 words)

	Surrealist techniques - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Entoptic graphomania is a surrealist and automatic method of drawing in which dots are made at the sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots.
		Grattage is a surrealist technique in painting in which (usually dry) paint is scraped off the canvas.
		Parsemage is a surrealist and automatic method in the visual arts invented by Ithell Colquhoun in which dust from charcoal or colored chalk is scattered on the surface of water and then skimmed off by passing a stiff paper or cardboard just under the water's surface.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealist_techniques (1486 words)

	Surrealist automatism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Automatism is a surrealist technique involving spontaneous writing, drawing, or the like practiced without conscious aesthetic or moral self-censorship.
		Surrealist automatism is different from mediumistic automatism, from which the term was inspired.
		Some Romanian surrealists invented a number of surrealist techniques (such as cubomania, entopic graphomania, and the movement of liquid down a vertical surface) that purported to take automatism to an absurd point, and the name given, "surautomatism", implies that the methods "go beyond" automatism, but this position is controversial.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealist_automatism (232 words)

	Surrealist Movement in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Surrealist Movement in the United States was started by the Chicago Surrealist Group as a means of including many of its scattered participants from coast to coast on collective statements and in collective activities.
		Only recently have other surrealist groups formed in the United States, such as the Wisconsin Surrealist Group, the Portland Surrealist Group in Oregon, the Seattle Surrealist Group, the Houston Surrealist Group, the Blue Feathers group in Minnesota, the Honolulu Surrealist Group, the Surrealist Group in St. Louis, and a collection of surrealists in San Francisco.
		The Surrealist Movement in the United States should be distinguished from "the surrealist movement in the United States," which describes any surrealist activity in the United States, as opposed to the organisation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealist_Movement_in_the_United_States (231 words)

	Learn more about Surrealist techniques in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Some surrealists consider automatism and surrealist games to be sources of inspiration only.
		Entopic graphomania is a surrealist and automatic method of drawing in which dots are made at the sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots.
		The movement of liquid down a vertical surface is, as the name suggests, a technique, invented by surrealists from Romania and said by them to be surautomatic and a form of indecipherable writing (see above), of making pictures by dripping or allowing to flow some form of liquid down a vertical surface.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/su/surrealist_techniques.html (1060 words)

	Fifth Estate review of Surrealist Subversions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sakolsky illustrates how the Chicago Surrealist Group and its affiliates from coast to coast who compose the larger Surrealist Movement in the US have always had an organic, reciprocal relationship with not only workers' struggles and the anarchist movement but also a wide variety of heretical and libratory currents.
		the surrealist practice of pure psychic automatism -- which dates back to 1919 -- was much more than a modern technical invention, for it quickly led to the recognition that entire cultures had methods of thought and communication that transcended the conscious...
		The international surrealist movement continues to mobilize energies for anarchists and all oppressed peoples to overcome capitalist-hierarchical civilization, along with nuclear-armed, oil-hungry, murdering elites and their immobilizing cultural distractions.
	www.autonomedia.org /surrealistsubversions/review.html (977 words)

	Dada and Surrealist Film: A Short Bibliography of Materials in the UC Berkeley Libraries
		The surrealists saw film as the ideal medium for expressing and exploring their concerns for several reasons, including its perceived similarities to the state of dreaming, which seemed perfect for their exploration of dreams and subconscious wishes.
		Such ideas underpin surrealist theory and practice in relation to film--the belief that the viewer's is an essentially creative role in negotiating a film's meaning--as well as perhaps forming the basis for the belief that film is inherently surrealistic.
		The influence of surrealist depictions of the body is evident in Hollywood films, particularly in 1950s and1960s science fiction and horror features such as 'Tomb of Ligeia' and 'Psycho.' In the 1990s, the surrealist influence reappears as an expression of psychotic sexuality in films such as 'Blue Steel,' Silence of the Lambs' and 'Basic Instinct.'.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /MRC/dadafilmbib.html (831 words)

	Automatic writing in the surrealist movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Surrealist description is not so much a decadent decomposition into ecstasies of detail as a runaway cross-referenced encyclopedic indexing whose first step is to undermine the validity of classification.
		The surrealist approach to the text is an approach designed to displace the conventional notion of the textual generation through the gesture of the "automatic" text, the text written deliberately without effort, plan, or calculated symbolic inclusions.
		The only 'danger' that remains is that surrealist and we - as their audience - are not aware of this failure and remain to take seriously the claim that a writer can refuse his or her responsibility for the texts written by him or her.
	galton.uchicago.edu /~wit/automatic_writing.htm (3684 words)

	Surrealist Writers
		When he broke his silence with what they judged to be inferior new poems and clumsy revisions of old ones, the surrealists ejected him from their literary pantheon.
		A member of the surrealist group from 1924 to 1929, he wrote one of the first surreal novels, Aurora (1927-8); also an ethnologist and anthropologist, co-editor with Bataille of Documents and with Sartre of Les Temps Modernes.
		In addition to his surrealist work, Peret was a dedicated Communist for most of his life and was deported from Brazil for revolutionary activity.
	www.alangullette.com /lit/surreal (2110 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Rosemont, Surrealist Women
		This surrealist revolution was at first viewed by the surrealists themselves in nonpolitical terms, as a revolution of the spirit or mind.
		Surrealists rejected the other-worldly tenets of spiritualism, but early on they were deeply interested in all forms of psychic automatism and found much to admire in the products of Hélène Smith's wayward imagination.
		That it took so long for the surrealists to discover her is a striking indication of the generalized and deeply ingrained antifeminism of French intellectual life.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exrossur.html (9155 words)

	Surrealist Subversions: Foreword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Sakolsky's case, it is surely his passion for such protosurrealist and objectively surrealist creators as Blake, Fourier, Lindsay (in his wilder moments), Angela Carter, Thelonious Monk, Joseph Jarman and Henry Threadgill that have made him feel right at home in surrealism's garden of earthly delights.
		Throughout Surrealist Subversions, Sakolsky rightly puts the emphasis on surrealist diversity--the myriad expressions of surrealism in daily life, politics, the arts, and the seemingly endless ways in which the movement has renewed itself again and again, all around the world, and over a long period of time.
		Thus he deliberately avoids the danger that the Romanian surrealists Gherasim Luca and Dolfi Trost warned against in their 1945 Dialectic of Dialectic, and which they called the "anthological deviation"--the reifying tendency to regard collective publications issued at particular historic moments as "definitive" statements for all time.
	www.autonomedia.org /surrealistsubversions/excerpt.html (1199 words)

	Breton—What is Surrealism?
		The activity of our surrealist comrades in Belgium is closely allied with our own activity, and I am happy to be in their company this evening.
		Surrealist activity, faced with a brutal, revolting, unthinkable fact, was forced to ask itself what were its proper resources and to determine their limits; it was forced to adopt a precise attitude, exterior to itself, in order to continue to face whatever exceeded these limits.
		And they clung to them so because they had not heard the surrealist voice, the voice that exhorts on the eve of death and in the roaring storm, and because they were unwilling to dedicate themselves to the task of no more than orchestrating the score replete with marvellous things.
	pers-www.wlv.ac.uk /~fa1871/whatsurr.html (6400 words)

	Surrealist Experiences
		As painter, photographer and collagist, she has taken part in surrealist exhibitions throughout the world, and her art has been widely reproduced.
		Widely hailed as definitive, her breakthrough collection, Surrealist Women: An International Anthology (University of Texas Press, 1998), introduced English-speaking readers to scores of women surrealists heretofore ignored by critics and scholars.
		Especially striking is the account of her own discoveries on the magnetic fields of surrealist automatism, including the Alchemigram, the Landscapade and the Prehensilhouette.
	www.surrealistmovement-usa.org /pages/experiences.html (403 words)

	Surrealist art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The surrealist artists introduced the theory of the liberation of desire through the invention of techniques that aimed to reproduce the mechanisms of dreams.
		Indeed, the portrait in shadow outline which appears at a window in the background of the picture has a white circle representing a target on the temple of the figure, on the exact spot where Apollinaire was to be hit by splinters from a shell during the war.
		It constitutes a surrealist object, close to a ready-made with its mass-produced table, but with the stuffed fox introducing an "objet trouvé" (found object), an idea that is specific to Surrealism: this is an object which in itself has an effect on the spectator by virtue of its strong symbolic connotations.
	www.cnac-gp.fr /education/ressources/ENS-Surrealistart-EN/ENS-Surrealistart-EN.htm (5672 words)

	The Surrealist Look
		Here in The Surrealist Look Melusine as model and heroine opens the way for three chapters on the problems of female creation and self-portraiture as exemplified in the work of Dorothea Tanning and Claude Cahun, as opposed to Man Ray's representation, manipulation, and fashioning of the female body.
		So The Surrealist Look is about accepting the invitation to communication and interpenetration that Desnos implicitly holds out in his invocation of the baroque, taking the sky as a potential container for a boat and the sea for a plane.
		For the members of the surrealist group, originally and later, were supposed to be attached to the movement and its beliefs--to its games and projects as to its leader.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/c/caws-surrealist.html (2401 words)

	History of the Surrealist Movement - Gérard Durozoi
		Seven chapters chart the surrealist movement from 1919 to 1969, from its Dadaist antecedents to after André Breton's death.
		All major events (and their consequences) are succinctly described, an often fascinating tour of cultural and political life in the 20th century.
		The book is truly international in scope, and examines surrealist influences and efforts in, it appears, every corner of the world (including Latin America, Czechoslovakia, and Japan).
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/surreal/durozoi.htm (1039 words)

	Surrealist Documentary: Reviewing the Real
		In Surrealist documentary and Surrealist films in general, the realistic effect is used to hook the viewer into the world represented by the film in order to disrupt taken-for-granted assumptions about that world (3).
		Although not theorized by the Surrealists in relation to the moving image, this excess can be been seen as an expression of the 'marvellous', the Surrealists' equivalent of the (film) Impressionists' photogénie – the transfiguring power of the photographic image which somehow exceeds artistic experience.
		Surrealist Jacques Brunius in Violons d'Ingres (1939) brought together portraits of a number of individuals – termed inspirés – whose obsessive ambitions led them to create objects to which society attaches no value, but which serve to externalise their inner worlds or what Breton called a “spectacular explosion of desire” (33).
	www.sensesofcinema.com /contents/05/37/surrealist_documentary.html (2787 words)

	André Breton surrealist
		He is by far the most diverse artist, having been a leader of both the Dada and French Surrealist movements, he later moved to America and became a figure in the American Surrealist movement of the 30s and 40s along with fellow import Man Ray.
		A Self-Made Surrealist sets out to provide a view of Miller different from both earlier vindications of him as sexual liberator and prophet and more contemporary feminist critiques of him as pornographer and male chauvinist.
		Matta, a painter who was a latecomer to the surrealist movement, was described by Breton as 4The most profound painter of his generation.
	www.geocities.com /johndoeclone/706/surrealist.html (425 words)

	Surrealist Writers
		At the age of 16 he condemned all French poetry as "rhymed prose" and even rejected his hero Baudelaire for being too self-consciously artistic; in his famous "lettre du voyant" (letter of the seer) he proposed "derangement of all the senses" as the first step in becoming a true poet-seer.
		A member of the surrealist group from 1924 to 1929, he wrote one of the first surreal novels, Aurora (1927-8); also an ethnologist and anthropologist, co-editor with Bataille of Documents and with Sartre of Les Temps Modernes.
		In addition to his surrealist work, Peret was a dedicated Communist for most of his life and was deported from Brazil for revolutionary activity.
	alangullette.com /lit/surreal (2110 words)

	ArtandCulture Movement: Surrealist Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Instead of recognizing the camera as a tool of vision and the photograph as an image of truth, the Surrealists utilized the camera as a tool of the imagination and viewed the photo as a point of departure.
		Frequently cited as the quintessential Surrealist photograph, Dora Maar's "Portrait du Pere Ubu" took its name from the nineteenth-century play "Ubu Roi," an early work from the repertoire of the Theatre of the Absurd that dealt with incoherence, nonsense, and a defiance of authority.
		These Surrealist photographers were aiming to capture a sense of chance by exploring the limitless boundaries of the subconscious, a world that convention still has yet to contain or to control.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/movement?id=1182 (319 words)

	Surrealist Subversions -- Rants, Writings, and Images by the Surrealist Movement in the United States -- Ron Sakolsky ...
		Started in 1966 in Chicago by Franklin Rosemont as the Chicago Surrealist Group, the Surrealist Movement drew on the artistic, literary, and philosophical legacy of its European originators (Breton, etc.), while also incorporating elements of the Wobblies and other Chicago countercultures.
		Taken as a whole, the Surrealist Movement’s impressive array of literary and artistic works along with imaginative and incisive political, social, and artistic commentaries represent a coherent and refreshing approach to critiquing conventional ways of looking at the world.
		In their writing on politics and society, included in the second half of this volume, the Surrealist Movement has explored the nature of capitalism, the mainstream media, racism, conditions of labor, patriarchy and sexual oppression, the notion of whiteness, religion, ecology, and the failings of the traditional left.
	www.frontlist.com /booklist/77251 (475 words)

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