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	Surrealist Manifesto - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Surrealist Manifesto was written by the French writer André Breton and published in 1924.
		The manifesto also refers to the numerous precursors of Surrealism that embodied the Surrealist spirit prior to his composing the manifesto, including such luminaries as the Marquis de Sade, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Lautréamont, Raymond Roussel, and even back as far as Dante.
		The manifesto was written with a great deal of absurdist humor, demonstrating the influence of the Dada movement which immediately preceded it in France, and in which Breton was also a key player.
	www.biocrawler.com /w/index.php?title=Surrealist_Manifesto&redirect=no (551 words)

	surrealism - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The organized Surrealist movement began in the early 1920s; the publication of Andr Breton's Surrealist Manifesto in 1924 is an important early landmark in the movement's history.
		Many surrealist artists regarded their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, and Andr Breton was explicit in his belief that Surrealism was first and foremost a revolutionary movement.
		Surrealist groups have also drawn on sources as seemingly diverse as Clark Ashton Smith, Bugs Bunny, comic strips, the obscure poet Samuel Greenberg and the hobo writer and humourist T-Bone Slim.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Surrealism (4090 words)

	Surrealist Manifesto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Surrealist Manifesto was written by the French writer André Breton and published in 1924.
		The manifesto also refers to the numerous precursors of Surrealism that embodied the Surrealist spirit prior to his composing the manifesto, including such luminaries as the Marquis de Sade, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Lautréamont, Raymond Roussel, and even back as far as Dante.
		The manifesto was written with a great deal of absurdist humor, demonstrating the influence of the Dada movement which immediately preceded it in France, and in which Breton was also a key player.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealist_Manifesto (565 words)

	history
		Surrealist’s role became to criticize and reject the typical ideas and morals of bourgeois society as a way to revolt against the massive destruction of the war.
		In the Surrealists’ eyes it was the fault of the bourgeois and their system that lead up to the war and its casualties on all sides.
		The Surrealists revolution began to change almost as soon as it was defined by Breton in 1924.
	newmedia.cgu.edu /cody/surrealism/history.htm (1525 words)

	Surrealism- An Introduction
		For many Surrealists, this orientation toward transcending everyday reality toward one that incorporates the imaginative and the unconscious has manifested itself in the intent to bring about personal, cultural, political and social revolution, sometimes conceived or described as a complete transformation of life by freedom, poetry, love, and sexuality.
		Surrealists diagnosis of the "problem" of the realism and capitalist civilization is a restrictive overlay of false rationality, including social and academic convention, on the free functioning of the instinctual urges of the human mind.
		Breton's Surrealist Manifesto of 1924 and the publication of the magazine La Révolution surréaliste (The Surrealist Revolution) marked the beginning of the Surrealism as a public agitation.
	oliverartworks.com /surrealism/surrealism.html (3778 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Rosemont, Surrealist Women
		Surrealism's women precursors, although celebrated and cited in writings by the surrealists themselves, are rarely mentioned in critical studies, and their influence on the course of the movement appears not to have been examined.
		Surrealists rejected the other-worldly tenets of spiritualism, but early on they were deeply interested in all forms of psychic automatism and found much to admire in the products of Hélène Smith's wayward imagination.
		That it took so long for the surrealists to discover her is a striking indication of the generalized and deeply ingrained antifeminism of French intellectual life.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exrossur.html (9155 words)

	What is Surrealism by: André Breton - Surrealism, Surrealist & Surrealism Artist and Surrealist & Surrealism Art. ...
		Surrealist activity, faced with abrutal, revolting, unthinkable fact, was forced to ask itselfwhat were its proper resources and to determine their limits;it was forced to adopt a precise attitude, exterior to itself, inorder to continue to face whatever exceeded these limits.
		The fact that certain ofthe first participants in surrealist activity have thrown in thesponge and have been discarded has brought about the retiring fromcirculation of some ways of thinking and the putting into circulationof others in which there were implicit certain general dissents on theone hand and certain general assents on the other.
		And they clung tothem so because they had not heard the surrealist voice, thevoice that exhorts on the eve of death and in the roaring storm, andbecause they were unwilling to dedicate themselves to the task of nomore than orchestrating the score replete with marvellous things.
	www.surrealist.com /what_is_surrealism.aspx (5040 words)

	surrealism - Anarchopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In this sense, surrealism is not specifically the privilege of self-identified "surrealists" or those sanctioned by Breton, rather, it refers to a range of creative acts of revolt and efforts to liberate the imagination.
		While some have described David Lynch as a surrealist filmmaker, he has never participated in the surrealist movement or in any surrealist activity, although there are arguably some aspects of many of his films that are of surrealist interest.
		Surrealist Subversions: The Surrealist Movement in the United States (edited with an introduction by Ron Sakolsky).
	eng.anarchopedia.org /surrealism (1123 words)

	Breton—What is Surrealism?
		The activity of our surrealist comrades in Belgium is closely allied with our own activity, and I am happy to be in their company this evening.
		Surrealist activity, faced with a brutal, revolting, unthinkable fact, was forced to ask itself what were its proper resources and to determine their limits; it was forced to adopt a precise attitude, exterior to itself, in order to continue to face whatever exceeded these limits.
		And they clung to them so because they had not heard the surrealist voice, the voice that exhorts on the eve of death and in the roaring storm, and because they were unwilling to dedicate themselves to the task of no more than orchestrating the score replete with marvellous things.
	pers-www.wlv.ac.uk /~fa1871/whatsurr.html (6400 words)

	Surrealism
		The Surrealists thought that their art would directly speak to a large audience and would override cultural and aesthetic prejudice.
		Most Surrealists were interested in man made objects and often contemplated their metaphysical reality versus their actual appearance.
		Surrealist paintings were never painted in sharp colors, so they had sort of a soft look to them.
	members.tripod.com /~Brekke/index.html (1376 words)

	Documents of Dada and Surrealism: Dada and Surrealist Journals in the Mary Reynolds Collection
		In the eighth issue (December 1926), Éluard revealed the Surrealists' growing fascination with sexual perversion in a piece celebrating the writings of the Marquis de Sade, a man who spent much of his life in prison for his deviant writings about sexual cruelty.
		The eleventh issue further explores the Surrealists' interest in sex with the publication of the group's "Research into Sexuality," an account of a debate that had taken place during two evenings in January 1928.
		Although not exclusively Surrealist in orientation, it was faithful to the Surrealist spirit, and, with its appeal to the mainstream art public, gained wider recognition for the movement.
	www.artic.edu /reynolds/essays/hofmann3.php (1674 words)

	Surrealist Manifesto - Andre Breton - 1924
		Young's Nights are Surrealist from one end to the other; unfortunately it is a priest who is speaking, a bad priest no doubt, but a priest nonetheless.
		The fact still remains that punctuation no doubt resists the absolute continuity of the flow with which we are concerned, although it may seem as necessary as the arrangement of knots in a vibrating cord.
		In this realm as in any other, I believe in the pure Surrealist joy of the man who, forewarned that all others before him have failed, refuses to admit defeat, sets off from whatever point he chooses, along any other path save a reasonable one, and arrives wherever he can.
	www.poeforward.com /marlowe/texts/breton1924.html (10829 words)

	brushstroke.tv \| jessica helfand
		Art movements aside and fascist tendencies notwithstanding, the manifesto, in its purest incarnation, is still largely considered a powerful purveyor of ideology; by conjecture, it is also a provocative social stimulant for self-appointed activists.
		Bearing in mind the limited attention span of the general public, the typical contemporary manifesto is pithy, abbreviated, and strident in tone, a staccato series of ex-cathedra statements and, it is hoped, quote-worthy sound bytes.
		It is intended to debunk the exalted claims of wannabe philosophers and soap-box proselytizers, to critique the posturing and the pretense, the lofty promises, the loose-cannon platitudes.
	www.brushstroke.tv /helfand/essay.html (1271 words)

	Surrealismo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		La Révolution Surréaliste (The Surrealist Revolution) marked the beginning of the movement as a public agitation.
		Lucian Freud, and continued to write in the surrealist style during the rest of his lifetime.
		Francisco Franco, and because of a diaspora of the members of the surrealist movement itself.
	dks.thing.net /Surrealismo.html (3929 words)

	Colección Cisneros.org
		Following Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis, the Surrealists engaged in “automatic” writing and painting — texts and images that were conceived as a record of the workings of the psyche.
		Many of the artists and writers who came together in the Surrealist movement had been followers of Dada, the great avant-garde movement that formed in Europe during World War I. The Surrealists applied techniques used by the Dadaists, like photomontage and collage, then conceived automatic painting and frottage.
		The Surrealist doctrine was enormously influential in the development of geometric abstraction in the United States, while in Latin America it was adopted by artists including Wifredo Lam, Frida Khalo, Héctor Poleo, and Matta.
	www.coleccioncisneros.org /aw_move.asp?ID_Movement=26 (238 words)

	History of Surrealism
		The Surrealists claimed as their own writers, poets, and philosophers who lived even before Guillame Apollinaire coined the term in 1917 and André Breton, as the principal theoretician and chief propagator of the movement, immortalized it in his
		It was the inspiration of the Surrealists to avoid presenting or representing reality and to put the emphasis on invention and creativity by uncovering the poetic aspect of life with its kaleidoscopic multidimensional images and by tapping the hallucinatory power of the irrational and every other possible source of metaphysical energy.
		The Surrealists had empathy with the artists of previous generations who shared their vision and used reality only to enhance imagination.
	www.josephcusimano.com /surreal/intro.htm (976 words)

	A Surrealist trip through time - The Boston Globe
		With ''Dalí, Picasso, and the Surrealist Vision," at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, curator Eric Zafran has assembled 195 works (many from the Atheneum's collection) to sketch the history of the movement, offering pieces by all the major players.
		And then there was Picasso, who fraternized with Surrealists in Paris and exhibited with them, though his work never fit comfortably into the movement.
		A Nyack, N.Y., native living in Queens, Cornell saw collages by the Surrealist Max Ernst in Manhattan in 1931 that inspired him to invent his own collages and singular boxed assemblages.
	www.boston.com /ae/theater_arts/articles/2005/12/11/a_surrealist_trip_through_time/?page=full (887 words)

	ArtandCulture Movement: Surrealist Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 1924, André Breton's "Surrealist Manifesto" created a deep chasm between conventional reality and the surreality that the literary and artistic movement Surrealism promoted.
		Frequently cited as the quintessential Surrealist photograph, Dora Maar's "Portrait du Pere Ubu" took its name from the nineteenth-century play "Ubu Roi," an early work from the repertoire of the Theatre of the Absurd that dealt with incoherence, nonsense, and a defiance of authority.
		These Surrealist photographers were aiming to capture a sense of chance by exploring the limitless boundaries of the subconscious, a world that convention still has yet to contain or to control.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/movement?id=1182 (319 words)

	Zwirner & Wirth: Past and future exhibitions
		Although art history locates the period of High Surrealism between 1924, the year when Andre Breton published The Surrealist Manifesto, and 1940, Surrealism is arguably the most influential art movement of the 20th century, inspiring artists, writers, dramatists, and last but not least, contemporary image-making in the both the media and advertising.
		By shifting the scale, a particularly surrealist technique, the ordinariness of a pencil is subverted, and the meaning of the object bizarrely displaced.
		The reference to the term “antipodes”, which means ‘two places that are at opposite sides of the world’ or ‘diametrically opposed’, displays Ernst’s life-long interest in the unification of the conscious and unconscious side of the human psyche, a key proponent in the Surrealist Manifesto.
	www.artnet.com /galleries/Exhibitions.asp?gid=1161&cid=10429 (880 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		On October 11, 1924, the existence of a surrealist movement was publicly confirmed by the opening of a Bureau for Surrealist Research, whose aim was to "gather all the information possible related to forms that might express the unconscious activity of the mind." But critics and misinformed outsiders threatened to ruin the movement's integrity.
		In the manifesto however, any political dimension remained implicit, although Breton, using as his starting point the experimentally demonstrated principle that "language was given to man so that he might make a surrealist use of it," envisaged the so-to-speak local effects of surrealism, where certain social relations could be legitimately questioned.
		But he immediately insisted on his lack of interest in what "surrealist techniques" might consist of: all that mattered was the result--either those techniques would contribute toward that result or not--and the relation that they would establish with the founding automatism or not.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122621 (1507 words)

	Surrealist Women Press Release
		Surrealist Women is, in fact, the single largest anthology of surrealism ever to appear in English.
		Of particular interest are the surrealist women's critiques of sexism, out-of-control technology, and white supremacy.
		In some texts, surrealist poets, dancers, photographers, painters, collagists, sculptors and film-makers discuss their own and others' work.
	www.surrealistmovement-usa.org /pages/swpress.html (544 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The term surrealist was coined by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917; the artistic movement, however, came into being only after the French poet Andre BRETON published the first surrealist manifesto, Manifeste du surrealisme, in 1924.
		The surrealist painters also looked to the past for inspiration, to such painters of fantasy as Hieronymus BOSCH, to the Mannerists, and to the romantic and symbolist movements, as well as to PRIMITIVE ART and the art of the insane.
		Leaving the surrealist movement after a visit to the USSR in 1930-31, he joined the Communist party and devoted himself mainly to realistic and political fiction.
	www.towson.edu /~sallen/COURSES/SURREAL/290Sur-Notes.html (1070 words)

	ArtLex on Surrealist Art
		Influenced by the theories of the pioneer of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (German, 1856-1939), the images found in surrealist works are as confusing and startling as those of dreams.
		Surrealist works can have a realistic, though irrational style, precisely describing dreamlike fantasies, as in the works of René Magritte (Belgian, 1898-1967), Salvador Dalí (Spanish, 1904-1988), Yves Tanguy (French, 1900-1955), and Alfred Pellan (Canadian, 1906-1988).
		This sculpture is a classic example of the Surrealist practice of juxtaposing otherwise unrelated everyday items.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/s/surrealism.html (1335 words)

	PaintingsDIRECT.com - Quick Sketch
		Incorporating images from dreams, imagination, and free-association, surrealist paintings often appear nonsensical, as is the case in The Significance of Koi, by Karen Rose.
		The fish that spans the divide between the cutaway and the scene is like the artist, who swims between the realms of the real and the imagined to create her art.
		Animals are perfect stand-ins for people in surrealist art because like the unconscious mind, they operate instinctually.
	www.paintingsdirect.com /content/quicksketch/012301/quick.html (289 words)

	favourite art directory - surrealist art
		Dali, alex grey, email, bosch, MC Escher, pen and ink drawing, surrealistic, surrealism, artwork, art, artist, chris-evans, drawing, draw, pen, ink, master, artisan, surreal, pen and ink, sketcher,ske...
		Modern surrealistic paintings done by a young artist marek manderla....
		The symbolist paintings of Nelly Chichlakova, symbolism, surrealists, surrealism....
	www.engelen.com /links/surrealistart.html (1486 words)

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