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Topic: Surveillance technology

	Surveillance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surveillance is the art of watching over the activities of persons or groups from a position of higher authority.
		Surveillance may be covert (without their knowledge) or overt (perhaps with frequent reminders such as "we are watching over you").
		Clinical Surveillance is the monitoring of events (including, for example, the occurances of infectious diseases or chronic diseases) with a significant impact on public health.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surveillance (5827 words)

	Video Surveillance
		Interesting proposal by the Surveillance Camera Players, encouraging opponents of video surveillance to stage theatrical performances and other presentations in front of street mounted video surveillance cameras in order to both overload the police with data and to express their dissent.
		Case involving silent video surveillance in the workplace, where the court discussed the issue of continuous surveillance, and upheld the right of employers to use video surveillance on their employees.
		The court held that warrantless video surveillance did not create an unconstitutional privacy invasion because the videotaping was part of a criminal investigation and the deputies had no reasonable privacy expectation in the release room.
	www.daviddfriedman.com /Academic/Course_Pages/21st_century_issues/21st_century_law/video_surveillance_01.htm (1943 words)

	Surveillance: A Most Unreasonable Search and Seizure
		Given the nature and extent of this surveillance it is time to begin publishing that personal experience here along with comments about the dangers and threats such surveillance poses to society by undermining the social order in a civilised society which it purports to uphold and maintain.
		The title of the site reflects that surveillance is a most unreasonable search and seizure by totally invading the privacy of an individual as it "steals" everything it observes including all personal and private activities, documentation and anything which might be available in the private life of that individual.
		Furthermore, the surveillance activity can be used to shutdown and stop legitimate free exercise of rights and responsibilities by an individual by interferring with the very life and activity processes it purports to observe.
	garydchance.tripod.com /surveillance (702 words)

	Public Video Surveillance: Is It An Effective Crime Prevention Tool?
		This report examines the various uses of video surveillance and other visual technology by public and private entities to prevent and discourage crime, including law enforcement practices, the conditions which may warrant public video surveillance, the associated legal and constitutional implications, and whether the technology has been effective in preventing crime.
		Surveillance cameras and music are for your enjoyment," is the greeting pedestrians receive upon entering the underpass under I-5 between "Old Town" Sacramento and the downtown area.
		The surveillance cameras are electronically activated once a red light change occurs at an intersection and record the front and rear license plate of all cars in view.
	www.library.ca.gov /CRB/97/05/crb97-005.html (12451 words)

	General Electric : Surveillance Technology from GE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Surveillance Technology from GE Traditional video surveillance technology collects moving images.
		Human eyes and judgment are still needed to monitor and evaluate those images, to determine whether a person is where he or she shouldn't be or is potentially posing a threat.
		It all happens through a breakthrough technology called Concept Coding, which works just like a human brain to recognize people not just by what they look like, but also how they move and act.
	www.ge.com /stories/en/20138.html?category=Products_Business (290 words)

	Video Surveillance and Monitoring Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although surveillance cameras are already prevalent in banks, stores, and parking lots, video data currently is used only "after the fact" as a forensic tool, thus losing its primary benefit as an active, real-time medium.
		What is needed is continuous 24-hour monitoring of surveillance video to alert security officers to a burglary in progress, or to a suspicious individual loitering in the parking lot, while there is still time to prevent the crime.
		Technology advances developed under this project enable a single human operator to monitor activies over a broad area using a distributed network of active video sensors.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~vsam (441 words)

	Human Rights at Risk on the Cyber-battlefield: The Sale of Security & Surveillance Technology to China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With the transfer of technology through trade or technical assistance programs and through reverse engineering initiatives, soon anyone with enough patience will be able to master the skills required to transform neutral technology into a system that hears, sees and thinks for the government that controls it.
		Surveillance technologies and software have developed at such a rapid pace that they have outpaced developments in export controls.
		While surveillance and security technology may not be considered as “small arms” in the conventional sense, their military applications are clear and therefore relevant when designing export control regulations.
	www.dd-rd.ca /english/commdoc/publications/globalization/surveillancetechChina/briefingpaper.htm (2596 words)

	Public Health Surveillance and Information Technology
		Important issues for public health surveillance in the next phases include participating in development of the data content of these standards, the standard for claim attachments, and the electronic medical records standards, and developing health information privacy that maintains appropriate access to data for public health purposes.
		Public health surveillance needs to adapt to changing health practice, such as requiring assessment of the risks for new and reemerging infectious diseases or environmental hazards.
		Washington State is formally reviewing the regulatory foundation for surveillance and is developing and piloting electronic systems for the collection, management, analysis, and dissemination of surveillance data and information, including a collaboration between the health department and Group Health Puget Sound Cooperative to electronically send selected laboratory data to the department of health for surveillance.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol4no3/pinner.htm (1111 words)

	China's Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People's Republic of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Technology is embedded in a social context and, in this report, it has been shown to bolster repression in a one-party state in the name of expanding markets and exponential profits.
		There is increasing concern that much of this surveillance technology is being exported, without any end-use criteria, to countries that flagrantly abuse the fundamental human rights of their citizens.
		The transfer of surveillance technology from the developed to the developing world is now an important component of the post-Cold War arms industry.
	www.ichrdd.ca /english/commdoc/publications/globalization/goldenShieldEng.html (13279 words)

	Advanced Surveillance Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the mid-1990's, Los Alamos had a vision to develop a truly cognizant surveillance system that is adaptive and capable of learning normal behaviors based upon past experiences integrated with human expert knowledge and current scenarios to determine the state of the surveillance area.
		These automated decision aids, and others under study in the Los Alamos Advanced Surveillance Technology project, can facilitate such things as intelligent surveillance of areas where normal human monitoring is unsafe, administratively difficult, or economically impractical to meet the challenges of ever increasing interpretation of large amounts of complex data.
		Research in advanced surveillance and monitoring technologies is producing more fully automated and integrated systems that will be applicable to the requirements of the future.
	nis-www.lanl.gov /nis-projects/amiss (848 words)

	CCTV Frequently Asked Questions
		CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is a visual surveillance technology designed for monitoring a variety of environments and activities.
		The technology is already being used in hospitals to support covert surveillance of parents suspected of abusing their children.
		It is no exaggeration to conclude that the technology has had more of an impact on the evolution of law enforcement policy than just about any technology initiative in the past two decades.
	www.privacyinternational.org /issues/cctv (2030 words)

	Calpundit: SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY OF THE FUTURE....THE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		An awful lot of people simply don't understand how good this technology already is. Within a decade all of them are likely to be widespread, highly accurate, and inescapable.
		In short, there will be hundreds of data points about you that are stored and indexed every hour, and this makes it possible to reconstruct your movements and your actions every single minute of the day, every single day of the year.
		Regardless of the possible benefits of ubiquitous surveillance, and regardless of soothing words that it will be used only for good, never for ill, we should fear it.
	calpundit.com /archives/000197.html (808 words)

	Public Surveillance Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The deployment of such technologies on a wide scale in a 1984 style society is a matter of logistics e.g.
		As has been stated elsewhere on this website, if these technologies are deployed in a responsible manner, with adequate supervision, public accountability and individual rights of redress for mistakes, all backed up by a legally enforceable code of conduct and regulations, then some or all of these technologies may become acceptable.
		When this sort of technology is available commercially, the potential for abuse will be staggering, unless regulatory guidelines are in place, to classify just exactly what constitutes "suspicious behavior" and what action the automated system initiates thereafter.
	www.spy.org.uk /techno.htm (1045 words)

	World Advances in Video Surveillance Technology (Technical Insights)
		Video surveillance devices, designed to work over an Internet protocol (IP), are allowing users to obtain the cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and remote accessibility of a digital technology.
		In addition to discussing the various technology drivers and restraints that govern the video surveillance equipment markets, the study covers research and development efforts at various universities, leading companies, and other research institutions across the globe.
		New-generation surveillance cameras are incorporating infrared light sources that enable them to work 24 hours a day in pitch darkness and harsh outdoor environments.
	www.marketresearch.com /redirect.asp?productid=1096727&progid=3603 (499 words)

	EPIC Proposed FY 2006 Surveillance Budget (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		President Bush's proposed $2.57 trillion federal budget for fiscal year 2006 greatlyincreases the amount of money spent on surveillance technology and manpower while cutting about 150 programs, many from the departments of health, education, farming, housing and the environment.
		This significant increase in FBI funding comes just a week after a report by an Inspector General found that the agency's poor planning and bad management were the main reasons that the FBI will have to abandon a $170 million computer upgrade.
		While expressing support for new technologies that will identify dangerous substances, the letter said that left unchecked, the consequence of this shift in research priorities "could be the adoption of systems of mass surveillance unrelated to any terrorist threats.
	www.epic.org /privacy/budget/fy2006 (602 words)

	CNN.com - Technology - Critics bash U.S. plan for surveillance standards - July 21, 2000
		Under the proposal, she noted, usage of the surveillance technology would be limited to cases involving a list of serious crimes and would have to be approved by high-level officials at the Department of Justice and then by a judge who could weigh whether there was enough evidence to justify the proposed interception of messages.
		Sobel said law enforcement is attempting to lower standards for surveillance of cable modems by arguing that the act applies only to subscribers' services rendered, such as television programming, and not to actual communications.
		But notice of such surveillance could disappear if the data is subject to court orders under current wiretap laws, which don't require informing the target of the investigation.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/TECH/computing/07/21/carnivore.criticism.idg (1172 words)

	Wired 4.12: The Transparent Society
		Today, in Britain, several dozen cities and towns have already followed the example first set by King's Lynn, near Norwich, where 60 remote-controlled videocameras were installed to scan known "trouble spots," reporting directly to police headquarters.
		The resulting reduction in street crime exceeded all predictions, dropping to one-seventieth of the former amount in or near zones covered by surveillance.
		Polls report that the cameras are extremely popular with citizens, though British civil libertarian John Wadham and others bemoan this proliferation of snoop technology.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/4.12/fftransparent.html (794 words)

	EPIC Spotlight on Surveillance
		The Defense Department’s face recognition technology tests found that a 45-degree difference in position between the current and database images renders the technology ineffective, and a 15-degree difference is all that is needed to adversely affect the facial recognition technology.
		However, studies have found that such surveillance systems have little effect on crime, and that it is more effective to place more officers on the streets and improve lighting in high-crime areas.
		It is a small step for the government to take to continually use the networks of facial recognition-enabled surveillance cameras to surreptitiously search crowds for anyone in a database containing millions of people’s faces, though they are suspected of no crime and no legal basis to monitor them has been established.
	www.epic.org /privacy/surveillance/spotlight/1105 (2323 words)

	Electronic Surveillance Technology on Transit Vehicles: A Synthesis of Transit Practice, TCRP Synthesis 38
		To evaluate the “state of practice” with respect to in-vehicle surveillance, survey questionnaires were sent to 32 transit agencies, a literature-search was conducted, and vendor and industry experts were interviewed to identify emerging technologies.
		On-board CCTV surveillance systems can range from $1,000 to $10,000 per vehicle and have a median cost of about $6,500.
		Multiple cameras were installed on the interior of each bus to ensure complete coverage, and digital event recorders were used to securely capture video, audio, and sensor data.
	www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov /its/benecost.nsf/0/ad581759ea2dc04885256f80004afda2?opendocument (344 words)

	ABC News: FBI Abandons Web Surveillance Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The FBI said it could not disclose how much it spent to produce the surveillance software it no longer uses, saying part of its budget was classified.
		The FBI said last week it was sending back to the drawing board its $170 million computer overhaul, which was intended to give agents and analysts an instantaneous and paperless way to manage criminal and terrorism cases.
		Experts said the life span of roughly four years for the bureau's homegrown surveillance technology was similar to the shelf life of cutting-edge products in private industry.
	abcnews.go.com /Politics/wireStory?id=423234 (589 words)

	David Brin's Official Web Site: "The Transparent Society" (Chapter One) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		See my cover story in the August Salon magazine, about new surveillance technologies and some of the stark choices we face in the years ahead.
		No one denies the obvious and dramatic short term benefits derived from this early proliferation of surveillance technology.
		Military and civilian enhanced-vision technologies now move in lock-step, as they have in the computer field for years.
	www.davidbrin.com /tschp1.html (2351 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The ACLU's Technology and Liberty Project fights this trend and works to preserve the American tradition that the government not track individuals or violate privacy unless it has evidence of wrongdoing.
		The only barriers that remain to such prying eyes are political and legal.
		We should be responding to intrusive new technologies by building stronger restraints to protect our privacy.
	www.aclu.org /Privacy/Privacylist.cfm?c=130 (926 words)

	ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITIES, EXTREME ABUSE OF TECHNOLOGY, SECURITIES AND HUMAN RIGHTS (HARASSMENT)
		If these cases and technologies were handled and used properly, it is possible that the current international securities atrocities would be in different status as well.
		In addition to surveillance of the highest security threat, there are other capable modes of activity such as tremendous privacy loss, sleep deprivation, and general psychoactive.
		Technology has advanced ever so rapidly and we all know through documented proof and admission that this technology exists.
	www.rob-profile.com (19579 words)

	AIM - The global trade assocation for automatic identification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) is a technology used to identify items as they pass through a gated area.
		Typically this identification is used to alert someone of the unauthorized removal of items from a store, library, or data center.
		There are several types of EAS systems and more information is here on those different technologies.
	www.aimglobal.org /technologies/eas (233 words)

	Welcome to IST
		Innovative Surveillance Technology (IST), Inc. is the leading provider of discreet electronic surveillance solutions, electronic surveillance equipment, and, through IST’s National Intelligence Academy; law enforcement training for local, state, federal law enforcement agencies and the US military on a worldwide basis since 1994.
		IST has responded to the growing demands of the war on terrorism, by delivering cutting edge surveillance solutions with unparalleled capabilities.
		The executive team has over 50 years of experience in designing and manufacturing government/military and law enforcement solutions; the design and implementation of a variety of discreet government/military and law enforcement surveillance solutions, as well as law enforcement, government and military training.
	www.ist-letc.com (285 words)

	BIG BROTHER INCORPORATED
		The protection and detection technology is completed by TV surveillance systems with modern video crossbar technology, CCD cameras, special illumination techniques, and intelligent video motion detectors.
		COIN 92/3 - Yuval D long-range TV surveillance system - is a portable video surveillance system for target detection, recognition, identification and inspection - in daylight can detect a vehicle at 35km away and identify it at a range of 25km.
		Equipment and systems includes: Undercover interviews and negotiations, one and two-way covert communications, surveillance of vehicle occupants, siege and barricade use, single and multi- channel telephone monitoring, surveillance of detention, interview and conference rooms.
	www.privacy.org /pi/reports/big_bro/companies.html (14854 words)

	USATODAY.com - Surveillance-technology maker target of protest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Anti-war protesters on Tuesday targeted the U.S. headquarters of Autonomy, which makes surveillance technology for clients including the military and the Department of Homeland Security.
		They also wanted to call attention to Autonomy's role in producing technology that simultaneously monitors hundreds of thousands of e-mail messages and phone conversations, looking for relevant patterns.
		A representative of Autonomy said the protesters were misguided.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2003-04-09-protest_x.htm (246 words)

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