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Topic: Sustenance farming

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Oklahoma State

	Farming and Farms
		The average farm in Hamilton County in the 1830s probably consisted of some eighty acres, one-quarter or more of which was cleared and under cultivation with mostly corn, some wheat, and other assorted crops.
		Farms, measured in acres, were worked with hoes, scythes, cradles, rakes, shovels, flails, and assorted wagons, all of which were common among Indiana farm inventories of the 1830s.
		Farm produce was the staple export of the individual farm; it contributed to the sustenance of the local community and to the development of a local and regional economy.
	www.connerprairie.org /historyonline/farming.html (4000 words)

	Riverhead Country Fair
		March 13, 1792 was an important day in Riverhead for that was when the inhabitants of this farming and fishing community decided to split away from the town of Southold and determine their own future.
		Farming was in full bloom – and technologically advanced enough that crop rotation was practiced – as early as 1790.
		Farming’s a business and it needs to be profitable for the farmer to survive.” The encroachment of suburbia steadily attempts to impose its value system on the agricultural industry.
	www.riverheadcountryfair.com /history.htm (1719 words)

	sustenance - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about sustenance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Subsistence farming of maize on a site of recently felled tropical rainforest in Costa Rica.
		Farming when the produce is enough to feed only the farmer and family and there is no surplus to sell.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /sustenance (87 words)

	History Of Farming
		One reason farming was more successful in the Upper Keys than the Lower Keys was that the Upper Keys generally received about 20 inches more annual rainfall.
		Farming was a completely new industry for the Keys in the 1800s.
		Keys farming and the tomato are gone as might be the key lime.
	www.keyshistory.org /farming.html (2155 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Organic farming and social-ecological resilience: the alpine valleys of Sölktäler, Austria
		Farming in the Austrian Alps is small in scale and involves a high degree of manual labor.
		Farming identity and strong social cohesion among farmers are important elements of the desired system for the farmers.
		In Sölktäler, the short-term survival of farms is vital for long-term sustenance of farming and maintenance of the desired cultural landscape.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol8/iss1/art3/inline.html (7726 words)

	Fertility Farming - 4
		In modern farming, both crop production and livestock feeding, we have been concerned with the provision of prepared nutrients imported to the farm, instead of making full use of the complete provisions of nature.
		The result is that we have burdened farming with the colossal cost of chemical fertilizers, sprays, insecticides, vaccines and medicines, while nature quietly continues to beat us, in the matter of both abundant production and healthy crops and animals, at no cost.
		My farming experience has shown me that there is an intricate and carefully balanced inter-relation of activity in the soil, which should never be disturbed, provided we can supply organic material necessary to the maintenance of this activity.
	journeytoforever.org /farm_library/turner/turner4.html (2684 words)

	Rehfisch Thesis CHAPTER 2 THE MAMBILA ECONOMY
		Briefly, the Mambila farming practices are as follows: a plot is planted with maize, guinea corn, agushi and Tophrosia for one year.
		Girls, before marriage, farm smaller plots of their own than do boys of a comparable age for they are expected to help their mothers more than is the case for young married men.
		In Warwar all of the able-bodied, with one exception (a petty trader), gain their sustenance by farming, but as there is no shortage of arable plots the pattern of land tenure is less formalised and rigid.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Fdtl/Rehf/Publications/rehf_2.html (10281 words)

	Tax Research Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The taxpayer will be considered to have used the land in farming before making such expenditure if he or his tenant has employed the land in a farming use in the past.
		At the time such expenditures are made the land is considered to be used by A in farming, and A may deduct such expenditures under section 175, subject to the other requisite conditions of such section.
		The land is considered to be used in farming by D at the time he makes such expenditures, even though it is being prepared for a different type of farming activity than that engaged in by D's predecessors.
	www.timbertax.org /research/regulations/reg1.175-4.asp (479 words)

	Ujamma Home
		It was as if the new farming initiative had died prematurely.
		In the city of Gweru in the Midlands province of Zimbabwe, a farming cooperative was formed and registered under the Ministry of Youth, which drew its leadership from former student leaders.
		Farming has been identified as Project Number One because of the current State support that the land usage revolution is enjoying.
	www.ujammafarming.org (876 words)

	Cuban Organic Agriculture and Farming
		Organic farming had its beginnings in the 1959 Cuban revolution, after which Fidel Castro installed himself as the ruler of Cuba.
		Cuba's dependency on machinery, needing fuel and oil and artificial petrochemical based fertilizers and insecticides, meant that the soils were in poor condition, having been adulterated by agricultural chemicals and tragically salinized by excessive and ill-advised irrigation methods.
		The huge state farms are being cut up and parceled out to local coops and to individual farmers.
	www.cubadomainsforsale.com /organic.html (1118 words)

	SD : People : Forum on Science and Women : Symposium II. Sustainable Bioresource Development : Women Beneficiaries
		Their study among the north American women involved in sustainable farming organizations and on family farms experimenting with new practices validated the elements of alternative agriculture paradigm, but also suggested additional two elements that women identified as part of an alternative agriculture vision: quality of family life and spirituality.
		Hence both poor women and men use the ecological resources intensively, that fails to meet the indicator criteria for "environmentally sound." At their level, the concerns of sustenance and sustainability assume different meanings, and for many of them low input option is not a choice, but a reality as there is no other choice.
		Their livelihood is secured when they have multiple sources; the forests, farms, common land, all of which are parts of household food security, income security, energy security etc. (Wickramasinghe, 1998).
	www.fao.org /sd/WPdirect/WPre0126.html (4039 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Agriculture Tribune
		HE echo of sustainable agriculture and sustenance of farmers reverberated from Parliament to the Parade Ground in Chandigarh where Agro-Tech, 2000, a bi-annual show of the Confederation of Indian Industry concluded last week.
		The echo of sustainable agriculture and sustenance of farmers, therefore, must be heard and acted upon.
		For them the question today is of survival and sustenance, indebtedness, assured electricity supply, cheap inputs, remunerative returns, value addition, more irrigation facilities, better market and post-harvest handling of produce to avoid wastage, which are up to 30 per cent.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2000/20001211/agro.htm (3546 words)

	Taro: The Roots of Hawaiian Agriculture
		The challenges of making the shift from sustenance farming and localized trading to operating a bona fide commercial agricultural operation are sometimes insurmountable for the family living on a small farm.
		Each farming unit has to tie itself to a marketing plan for their product that "adds value" to the base agricultural product.
		On the drier leeward side, upland or "dry land" taro farming was predominant.
	www.poico.com /artman/publish/printer_59.php (2832 words)

	Agriculture strategies -DAWN - Business; February 6, 2006
		In addition, water loss at farm level too, was reduced with the construction of Pucca water courses and improved management practices.
		A paradigm shift from sustenance farming to commercial farming is essential.
		Diversified farming systems for increased economic and ecological gains should be developed and adopted.
	www.dawn.com /2006/02/06/ebr3.htm (1452 words)

	South Province (Cameroon) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The majority of farming in the South Province is done on the sustenance level.
		Traditional farms are placed in forest plots that are cleared with basic tools such as axes, hoes, and machetes.
		Poultry farms operate in the towns of Ebolowa and Sangmélima.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_Province,_Cameroon (3845 words)

	Hurricane Mitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Prior to Mitch the farmers of the region were divided economically into two classes, the poor conventional farmer, who farmed the hillsides with little topsoil, low moisture, less vegetation and higher erosion and economic loss after Mitch; and the wealthier sustainable farmers, whose conditions were more or less just the opposite.
		Instead of just sustenance farming the poor are now able to produce a crop that benefits both them and their nation’s economy (Kok, 2002).
		Large-scale deforestation and inappropriate farming practices, particularly the cultivation of marginal lands without soil conservation measures and adequate watershed management, exacerbates the vulnerability of much of the region.
	home.comcast.net /~michael.inman/index_files/Societal.htm (2131 words)

	Tarahumara Curriculum Economy
		The main financial activity is farming for sustenance rather than for income.
		The preferred crop is corn and 92% of the farming area is seasonal.
		Family orchards and low-scale chicken farms are starting to be implemented and tourism is quickly becoming an important source of income..
	www.questconnect.org /tara_cc_economy.htm (187 words)

	Information requirements at national level
		Environmentally unsustainable agricultural practices such as farming in steep slopes, haphazard application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have led to degradation of agro-ecosystem and led to vicious cycle of poverty at developing countries including that of Asia and Pacific region, where still majority of population are agriculture dependent.
		Sustenance of farming system relates with forest cover and integrated pest and manure management with an emphasis on application of organic matures and bio pesticides.
		For land use planning of an area, database is required on habitat types, ratio of land use types such as forest, grassland, farmland, barren area, water bodies, wetlands and settlements.
	www.unescap.org /drpad/vc/orientation/M7_4_5.htm (1454 words)

	Wine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The wild grapes that once formed the basic wine culture of Italy were cultivated and farmed in abundance.
		Prior to this, Italy was an agrarian culture based predominantly on sustenance farming, but as expansion into fertile lands such as Sicily and Africa occurred, the door was opened to other agrarian pursuits.
		Wine production so replaced that of traditional food farming, that the Emperor Domitian was forced to destroy several vineyards in 92 AD, while putting a ban in place on the growth of new vines.
	www.unrv.com /economy/wine.php (988 words)

	CAMBODIA: Decades After, Widows Battle the Demons of War
		He says that 91 of the village's 390 families are headed by widows, many struggling to survive under the pressure of debt and sustenance farming.
		Families headed by widows are typically poor because they work alone to support the family and may have a lot of children, she says.
		She estimates that about seven percent of widows in Battambang have their own land to farm or plant rice, 20 percent use relatives' land and 10 to 13 percent rent others' land.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/interna.asp?idnews=28039 (1312 words)

	[No title]
		In the cases of sustenance farming, if enough of the crops survive to feed the family, then the crops are deemed successful.
		In the cases of profit farming, as long as the crops produce enough biomass to turn a small profit, then the crops are successful for many farmers.
		I believe that the techniques by which farms were grown in the U.S. over 200 years ago would likely draw many comparisons to current-day Catracho farming practices.
	www.okstate.edu /OSU_Ag/honduras/Projects/GOSSETT_Paper.doc (2905 words)

	Whitley Strieber's Unknown Country
		We could study agriculture and be ready to plant food crops in new places when the old farming areas turn into deserts.
		We could help the populations of third world countries figure out how to survive on something other than sustenance farming so that they don’t starve by the millions when the weather warms up a few degrees.
		We could shore up our coastlines, so large parts of our cities don’t become permanently flooded, and try to find some solutions for the island nations that are destined to disappear under the ocean in 50 years.
	www.unknowncountry.com /diary/?id=70 (830 words)

	About Pinewoods Community Farming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pinewoods Community Farming and the Iroquois White Corn Project are located on the Cattaraugus Territory of the Seneca Nation about 35 miles south of Buffalo, New York.
		This wonderful food results from the slow knowledge passed from generation to generation as they celebrate the physical and spiritual sustenance given by the grain.
		The flavorful, floury flint corn is roasted or hulled and milled to order in a log cabin on the Reservation in Western New York by members of Pinewoods Community Farming a native-owned and operated nonprofit organization.
	www.prophecyandsurvival.com /pinewoods.htm (490 words)

	Zimbabwe farmers flee, start over \| csmonitor.com
		Their dairy and corn farm was one of the first to be invaded and the family was forced to abandon their property for six weeks.
		The farm's neat fields are a stark contrast to the thatched huts and small family plots of corn that otherwise dot the landscape.
		With their families still in Zimbabwe until the farm is running smoothly, they have only each other for company.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0301/p01s04-woaf.html (1126 words)

	Bolivia starts land reallocation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Generally speaking, sustenance farmers simply "survive" in the world...they work their farms all day long just to feed their families, and they typically have no opportunity to move up in society.
		If you look at western cultures, you'll see that they didn't advance until sustenance farming (and the agrarian lifestyle in general) was abandoned in favor of an urban one.
		Also, sustenance farming in Africa (esp. maze farming in South Africa) has turned out to be some of the most productive farming in the world.
	www.democraticunderground.com /discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=102x2322540 (1365 words)

	USAgNet.com - National/World News - European Excursion Exposes Michigan Farmers to EU Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The delegation of 21 Michigan Farm Bureau (MFB) members and staff visited farming communities in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Poland, where they were exposed to the vast extremes between modernized and traditional agriculture in member countries of the European Union (EU).
		Differences between land use in the United States and Europe were evident throughout the trip, particularly the high regard Europeans have for farmland.
		The green pepper nursery, for instance, was located in an area "zoned" as "greenhouse alley." In France, people cannot build new homes in agricultural areas unless they are legitimate farmers.
	www.usagnet.com /story-national.php?Id=2097&yr=2006 (529 words)

	:: Corporate Concern ::
		The majority of small, poor and marginal farmers are dependent on rainfall for farming.
		It works at the grassroots level to develop an understanding of organic farming, identify farmers willing to take up organic farming and study the present status, constraints and potential of organic food production and marketing in all the clusters.
		The poor in rural areas lack the skills, and sustenance farming practised over the years has not generated surpluses even during good monsoons.
	www.godrej.com /gstory/change/2003/marapr/corp_con.htm (2366 words)

	Bulatlat.com
		The only time in recent history that the province has achieved self-sufficiency in these two staples was during the sugar crisis of the mid-1980s, when sugarcane plantations were abandoned and jobless farm laborers planted sustenance crops.
		If the estimate of MAPISAN about the planned scale of the cassava plantations in southern Negros is accurate, that would mean the loss of a vast area for sustenance farming.
		However, as the production agreement between Salvaccopa and its members shows, the farmers are not likely to have any choice in either the pricing of their cassava or growing other crops if they find the price unacceptable.
	www.bulatlat.com /news/2-24/2-24-balinghoy.html (2034 words)

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