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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Susumu Tonegawa
		Susumu Tonegawa (利根川進 Tonegawa Susumu, born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for "his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity." Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training.
		In 1987, Susumu Tonegawa became the first Japanese recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his study of the immune system and his subsequent discovery of the causes of antibody diversity--the ability of an antibody to resist infection from millions of different viruses and bacteria.
		Tonegawa was born in Nagoya, Japan, on September 5, 1939, the second of four children born to Tsutomu Tonegawa and the former Miyoko Masuko.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Susumu-Tonegawa (951 words)

	MIT's Tonegawa resigns from neuroscience center - The Boston Globe
		Nobel laureate Susumu Tonegawa has announced that he will resign as head of the MIT neuroscience center he established, two weeks after a university investigation found that he acted inappropriately when he discouraged a young neuroscientist from accepting a job at MIT because she would be competing with him.
		Tonegawa came under withering attack from some colleagues over the summer for his behavior toward Alla Karpova, a postdoctoral fellow being recruited to join MIT's faculty by the rival neuroscience center at MIT, the McGovern Institute for Brain Research.
		Tonegawa said later that he was trying to help her by candidly characterizing the situation she would have encountered at MIT.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2006/11/17/mit_neuroscience_center_head_quits (743 words)

	Susumu Tonegawa - Encyclopedia.com
		Susumu Tonegawa 1939-, Japanese molecular biologist, Ph.D. Univ. of California at San Diego, 1969.
		Tonegawa discovered the general principle that underlies the body's ability to produce millions of antibodies from cells that contain a limited amount of genetic material.
		The Boston Globe; 10/13/1987; 123 words; Professor Susumu Tonegawa is the seventh member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Tonegawa.html (660 words)

	Susumu Tonegawa Summary
		Susumu Tonegawa made a major contribution to the understanding of the immune system by showing how gene fragments are rearranged in somatic cells to make functional immune system genes.
		Tonegawa provided direct evidence that a gene's ability to encode antibody proteins is produced from separate, chain-like segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules which mutate to code for different antibodies.
		Recently, he was cited as having opposed a highly qualified candidate for a faculty position on the basis of her gender, and he was criticized in a letter to the MIT president by 11 of his fellow faculty members, although 7 also wrote in his defense.
	www.bookrags.com /Susumu_Tonegawa (2490 words)

	Researchers find enzyme crucial to preservation of memories
		Tonegawa said that other research groups had attempted to knock out a protein called CREB, which is involved in turning on gene transcription in L-LTP, and which was believed to be activated by CaMKIV.
		Tonegawa and his colleagues used a genetic technique that allowed them to replace the normal CaMKIV with a “dominant negative” mutant enzyme that would be produced only in the forebrains of the mice.
		Tonegawa noted that memory consolidation in the transgenic animals was not completely extinguished, suggesting that there may be parallel signaling pathways involved in consolidation, or that there may have been incomplete knockout of CaMKIV activity.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-09/hhmi-rfe092001.php (858 words)

	Susumu Tonegawa - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Tonegawa has recently been accused of intimidating a promising female faculty candidate by refusing to interact or collaborate with her in the event that she joined the faculty.
		Other faculty have also written to the president in Tonegawa's defense, stating that his refusal to collaborate was not unusual or unethical, and denying any gender bias.
		Susumu Tonegawa, External links, 1939 births, Living people, Japanese scientists, Molecular biologists, Immunologists, Neuroscientists, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners, Members and associates of the US National Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and People from Aichi Prefecture.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Susumu_Tonegawa (454 words)

	The Scientist : MIT institute director resigns amid controversy
		Susumu Tonegawa plans to continue his research at the institute and will retain his faculty position at MIT.
		Tonegawa was criticized for discouraging a candidate for a position at MIT's McGovern Institute for Brain Research, in part because her area of research overlapped with his.
		The committee concluded it was appropriate for Tonegawa to warn Karpova that he did not plan to collaborate with her, but he should not have implied that certain mouse research facilities at MIT would not be available to her.
	www.the-scientist.com /news/display/36698 (727 words)

	ScienceDaily: Researchers Find Enzyme Crucial To Preservation Of Memories
		Tonegawa said that other research groups had attempted to knock out a protein called CREB, which is involved in turning on gene transcription in L-LTP, and which was believed to be activated by CaMKIV.
		Tonegawa and his colleagues used a genetic technique that allowed them to replace the normal CaMKIV with a "dominant negative" mutant enzyme that would be produced only in the forebrains of the mice.
		Tonegawa noted that memory consolidation in the transgenic animals was not completely extinguished, suggesting that there may be parallel signaling pathways involved in consolidation, or that there may have been incomplete knockout of CaMKIV activity.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/09/010924062455.htm (1021 words)

	SUSUMU TONEGAWA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Susumu Tonegawa () японский научный работник который выиграл Nobelevska4a премия для физиологии или микстуры в 1987 для "его открытия генетического принципа для поколения разнообразности антитела." Хотя он выиграл Nobelevska4a премия для его работы в иммунологии, Tonegawa будет молекулярным biologist тренировкой.
		Вместо, как Tonegawa показанное в серии наземного ориентира экспериментов начиная в 1976, генетический материал может rearrange для того чтобы сформировать более обширный блок имеющихся антител.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.faktoru.com /wiki/ru/su/Susumu%20Tonegawa.htm (167 words)

	MIT World » : Neurobiology of Memory: How Do We Acquire, Consolidate and Recall Memory
		Tonegawa “ knocks out” a gene that impairs a specific part of the mouse hippocampus, the area of the brain responsible for spatial memory, among other things.
		Tonegawa’s work involves manipulating genes to explore memory and learning from the most basic biochemical and cellular levels, up to the most complex behaviors.
		Susumu Tonegawa has received the highest honors for his work, including the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Albert and Mary Lasker Award and the Bristol Myers Squibb Prize in Cancer Research.
	mitworld.mit.edu /video/148 (312 words)

	Print Article: Schizophrenia gene discovery breakthrough (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Professor Tonegawa said the discovery was likely to lead to a much needed new class of drugs for the disease - the first drugs designed to target its underlying genetic causes.
		Professor Tonegawa, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is an expert in the brain and memory.
		Professor Tonegawa said schizophrenia was a complex disease, with perhaps 20 to 30 genes contributing to the risk.
	www.smh.com.au /cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=/articles/2003/07/08/1057430208709.html (437 words)

	Nobel Winner Stepping Down at MIT Center
		Nobel laureate Susumu Tonegawa will continue teaching, but he said in a statement Thursday that he will step down as director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at the end of the year.
		Tonegawa's troubles began over the summer when some of his colleagues questioned e-mail he sent to a postdoctoral fellow, Alla Karpova, who was being recruited by the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, the other neuroscience center at the school.
		Tonegawa said he wanted to help her understand the situation she would encounter at MIT, where the two had overlapping research interests that would have made them competitors.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2006/11/17/national/a094807S27.DTL&type=printable (220 words)

	Susumu Tonegawa
		Tonegawa's research explained how the immune system can produce a vast diversity of antibodies, each of which reacts with and counteracts the effects of a separate antigen (a foreign molecule or microbe).
		Prior to Tonegawa's work it was not known how the B lymphocytes (the cells that produce antibodies) could with their limited number of genes produce the millions of differently structured antibodies that are specific to a comparable diversity of antigens.
		In the 1970s Tonegawa proved in a series of experiments that approximately 1,000 pieces of genetic material in the antibody-manufacturing portion of the B lymphocyte can be shuffled or recombined into different sequences, the resulting variations enabling the production of as many as one billion different types of antibodies, each specific to a different antigen.
	medicine.nobel.brainparad.com /susumu_tonegawa.html (255 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Susumu Tonegawa
		Tonegawa is best known for elucidating the genetic mechanism in the adaptive immune system.
		Comparing the DNA of B cells (a type of white blood cell) in embryonic and adult mice, he observed that genes in the mature B cells of the adult mice are moved around, recombined, and deleted to form the diversity of the variable region of antibodies.
		In 2006, Tonegawa was accused of discouraging the recruitment of a female junior faculty candidate in the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, another MIT neuroscience unit, by informing her that they would likely become competitors at MIT.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa (450 words)

	Tonegawa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nobel Prize winner,Prof.Susumu Tonegawa of MIT, indicates that it is well known that lesions of the hippocampus in humans can produce severe amnesia for certain memories.
		Tonegawa indicates that his experiments with mice have identified a specific area of the hippocampus called the "CA1 area" that forms spatial memories.
		Tonegawa's experiments was a small water tank with a platform located on one side.
	www.architecture-mind.com /tonegawa.htm (276 words)

	MAN IN THE NEWS: SUSUMU TONEGAWA; An Aggressive, Brilliant Researcher - New York Times
		Susumu Tonegawa learned that he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine when he was called by a Japanese news organization at 6:30 A.M. yesterday.
		Tonegawa was born in Nagoya, Japan, and received a bachelor's degree from the chemistry department of Kyoto University in 1963.
		Tonegawa is a member of the board of directors of Damon Biotech in Needham, Mass.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9B0DE1D7103EF930A25753C1A961948260 (685 words)

	Club Biotech Lecture with SUSUMU TONEGAWA (April 9th 2003)
		Tonegawa recognized that the virtually unlimited antibody-diversity is generated through somatic recombination of different gene-segments.
		Tonegawa managed to generate mice in which deletion of a certain subunit (NR1) of the NMDA-receptor (NR1) gene is restricted to different cell layers of the hippocampus, using these mice as a novel approach to determine how different kinds of memory are established.
		Tonegawa's presentation was enormous and the big lecture hall was crowded, and after the lecture a lively discussion developed between our speaker and the attendees.
	www.clubbiotech.at /Images/tonegawa_www/index.htm (445 words)

	MIT team discovers memory mechanism
		The MIT research team, led by Nobel laureate Susumu Tonegawa, director of the Picower Center for Learning and Memory, has now identified a crucial molecular pathway that allows neurons to boost their production of new proteins rapidly during long-term memory formation and synaptic strengthening.
		Acting on a hunch that MAPK might be an important part of such a "memory switch," Ray Kelleher, a postdoctoral fellow in Tonegawa's laboratory and lead author of the study, created mutant mice in which the function of MAPK was selectively inactivated in the adult brain.
		An immediate question that Tonegawa and colleagues are pursuing is how neurons target the newly synthesized proteins to the specific synapses participating in memory formation while not modifying other synapses.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-02/miot-mtd020404.php (690 words)

	Re: Resulting effects of Susumu Tonegawa's Nobel Prize for P. and M.
		Susumu Tonegawa was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1987 for his landmark studies on the molecular biology of antibodies.
		Before Tonegawa's studies, it was unclear how the body could have the ability to generate an almost infinite number of antibodies with distinct structures, allowing the body to recognize any possible foreign particle.
		Tonegawa showed that every cell in the body has a stretch of DNA devoted to coding for antibodies, but that the ability to create diverse antibodies comes from the special ability of certain cells to recombine this DNA in new ways.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec97/879706838.Im.r.html (490 words)

	News 8 :: KFMB Stations, San Diego, California
		Tonegawa's troubles began over the summer when some of his colleagues questioned e-mail he sent to a postdoctoral fellow, Alla Karpova, who was being recruited by the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, the other neuroscience center at the school.
		Tonegawa said he wanted to help her understand the situation she would encounter at MIT, where the two had overlapping research interests that would have made them competitors.
		Tonegawa was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1987 for work in immunology.
	www.kfmb.com /printable/?id=70580 (229 words)

	Nobel Winner Stepping Down at MIT Center
		Nobel laureate Susumu Tonegawa will continue teaching, but he said in a statement Thursday that he will step down as director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at the end of the year.
		Tonegawa said he wanted to help her understand the situation she would encounter at MIT, where the two had overlapping research interests that would have made them competitors.
		Tonegawa's troubles began over the summer when some of his colleagues questioned e-mail he sent to a postdoctoral fellow, Alla Karpova, who was being recruited by the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, the other neuroscience center at the school.
	www.wtopnews.com /index.php?nid=104&sid=978559 (482 words)

	Susumu Tonegawa - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Susumu Tonegawa (利根川進 Tonegawa Susumu, born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for "his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity." Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training.
		Comparing the DNA of B cells (a type of white blood cells) in embryonic and adult mice, he observed that genes in the B cells of the older mice are moved around, recombined, and deleted to form the diversity of the variable region of antibodies.
		Tonegawa's research at the Center for Learning and Memory (http://web.mit.edu/picowercenter/faculty/tonegawa.html)
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Susumu_Tonegawa (280 words)

	Susumu Tonegawa
		Summary: Susumu Tonegawa uses genetically engineered mice to investigate neural development and the molecular, cellular, and neural circuit mechanisms underlying learning and memory.
		The Tonegawa Lab in the Biology Department at MIT
		The Tonegawa Lab in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/tonegawa.html (1544 words)

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