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Topic: Sutter, John Augustus

	John Sutter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Johann Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880) was a Californian famous for his association with the California Gold Rush (in that gold was discovered by James W. Marshall in Sutter's Mill) and for establishing Sutter's Fort in an area that would later become the capital of California, Sacramento.
		Sutter wanted to settle in California, but the only vessel riding at anchor in the harbour was the brig Clementine -- Sutter managed to be signed as unpaid supercargo of this brig freighted with a cargo of provisions and general merchandise for the Russian colony of New Archangel, now known as Sitka, Alaska.
		Sutter employed variously Native Americans (of the Miwok and Maidu tribes), Kanakas and Europeans at his compound, which he called Fort Sutter; He envisioned creating an agricultural utopia, and for a time the settlement was in fact quite large and prosperous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Sutter (1040 words)

	Welcome to Sutter Creek, California - History
		John Sutter (1803-1880), for whom the City of Sutter Creek was named, is perceived as an enterprising but sympathetic figure in the early American settlement of Mexican California.
		Sutter commonly paid the Indians in shelter, food, clothing and perhaps some glass beads or other trinkets in exchange for their labor, building his fort, raising crops, caring for thousands of cattle, sheep, horses and hogs, catching fish, delivering pelts, and serving as soldiers against tribes Sutter suspected of stealing his horses.
		Sutter did try, with partners, to become a merchant to all the miners, but after being cheated by his partners, and with creditors hounding his every step, Sutter determined that the only way to avoid losing everything was to deed his land to his son, John Sutter, Jr.
	ci.sutter-creek.ca.us /history2.html (1340 words)

	San Francisco History - The Beginnings of San Francisco, Note 30
		JOHN A. John Augustus Sutter was born of Swiss parents in Kandern, Baden, February 15, 1803.
		Sutter named his establishment Nueva Helvetia and in August went to Monterey to receive his naturalization papers; and as soon as the proper steps could be taken he was appointed commissioner of justice and representative of the government on the frontier of the Rio del Sacramento.
		John Townsend, later alcalde of San Francisco, and John Sinclair, later alcalde of Sacramento district, acted as aides-de-camp; Jasper O'Farrell was quartermaster, Samuel J. Hensley, commissary, and John Bidwell, secretary.
	www.sfgenealogy.com /sf/history/hbbegn6.htm (2173 words)

	Discovery of Gold, by John A. Sutter - 1848
		John A. Sutter was born in Baden in 1803 of Swiss parents, and was proud of his connection with the only republic of consequence in Europe.
		Sutter sent a courier to meet the governor before his arrival at Los Angeles, with a letter in French, conveying his greetings to the governor, expressing a most cordial welcome, and submitting cheerfully and entirely to his authority.
		Sutter was to furnish the means; Marshall was to build and run the mill, and have a share of the lumber for his compensation.
	www.sfmuseum.org /bio/sutter.html (1958 words)

	Sutter
		Johann Augustus Sutter was born on February 23, 1803 in Kanden, a small town in Switzerland.
		John Sutter was granted a large area of land in the Sacramento Valley by Governor Avarado because of the illusion he maintained.
		Even though John Sutter's empire was the gateway to gold country, and he initially profited from sales of goods to the thousands of prospectors, the windfall for him turned sour.
	zimmer.csufresno.edu /~earlb/Sutter.htm (565 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - John Augustus Sutter
		Sutter was born John Augustus Sutter in Baden, Germany, though his parents had originally come from Switzerland, a lineage of which he was especially proud.
		By 1838, Sutter had determined that Mexican California held the promise of fulfilling his ambitious dreams, and he set off along the Oregon Trail, arriving at Fort Vancouver, near present-day Portland, Oregon, in hopes of finding a ship that would take him to San Francisco Bay.
		On the morning of January 24, 1848, a carpenter named James Marshall, who was building a sawmill for Sutter upstream on the American River near Coloma, looked into the mill's tailrace to check that it was clear of silt and debris and saw at the water's bottom nuggets of gold.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/people/s_z/sutter.htm (708 words)

	Lititz, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Record-Express
		Sutter was, at the time, also a wanted man in Europe where he had abandoned his wife and four small children to escape the law.
		Sutter that she had to be carried on a stretcher from San Francisco to his mansion, the Hermitage, in the mountains above Sacramento.
		Sutter's land was being stolen, his crops were being destroyed, his storehouses ransacked, his slaves were running away and he was quickly being ruined.
	4mermarine.com /news/ott000629.html (862 words)

	The Life of John Sutter
		Captain John Sutter, an immigrant from Switzerland,was born on February 15 of 1803 in Kandern, Baden, a few miles from the Swiss border.
		John Bidwell also arrived from Missouri and helped Sutter with the management of the fort.There were large herds of cattle and horses grazing in fields about the fort.
		Sutter then decided to try to obtain reimbursement from Congress for his help in colonizing the State of California; his aid to emigrants; and his losses from having his Sobrante Land Grant declared invalid by the courts.
	score.rims.k12.ca.us /activity/suttersfort/pages/sutter.html (1359 words)

	John Augustus Sutter
		John Sutter was born on February 15 of 1803 in Kandern, Baden, a few miles from the Swiss border.
		Sutter's Fort was pretty well completed by 1844.
		Sutter's dreams of an agricultural empire were soon fulfilled as he branched out into many pursuits.
	www.syix.com /yubacity/johnsutter.html (789 words)

	German American Corner: Sutter: Early Life
		At the same time Sutter's colony of New Helvetia, comprising almost 50,000 acres of rich land, where Sacramento now stands, was smothered and ruined by the hordes of greedy gold-seekers who overran and took possession of it, because there was no organized government there to protect his rights.
		John Augustus Sutter was born in Kandern, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, February 28, 1803.
		John Augustus received a education in Kandern, and, after graduating, went to Berne, Switzerland, in 1820 to become proficient in military training.
	www.germanheritage.com /Essays/goldrush/sutter1.html (325 words)

	Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (American Indians)
		Sutter's Fort, named after Swiss immigrant John Augustus Sutter, is on 27th and L streets in Sacramento.
		John Augustus Sutter, for whom Fort Sutter is named, was born in Kandern, Switzerland in 1803.
		Sutter also seized Indian children in order to maintain an adequate labor supply: "From the first, he was in the habit of seizing Indian children, who were retained as servants or slaves at his establishment, or sent to his friends in different parts of the country.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/5views/5views1h90.htm (858 words)

	Captain John Augustus Sutter, California!
		Sutter's biggest downfall was his kind heart, not refusing to give employment to anyone, and his generosity to immigrants, which created more problems.
		Sutter and Marshall were to keep the story a secret, but secrets do not stay secret for very long.
		The final results was that Sutter lost everything and as an old man in Pennsylvania live a rather middle-class life and died broke.
	www.robertwynn.com /Sutter.htm (832 words)

	National Park Service - Prospector, Cowhand, and Sodbuster (Sutter's Fort)
		This fort was the headquarters of an agricultural colony, managed by John Augustus Sutter, that figured prominently in the early agricultural development of California, during the period 1840-48.
		John Augustus Sutter, Swiss-German immigrant who was naturalized a Mexican citizen in 1840, was ruined after the discovery of gold on his property near Coloma.
		For his headquarters and protection from the Indians, during the period 1841-44 Sutter constructed a large quadrangular adobe fort near the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers on a knoll overlooking the vicinity.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/prospector/siteb6.htm (587 words)

	Historic California Posts: Sutter's Fort (Including Camp Union)
		Kit Carson and John C. Fremont were at the fort in 1844 during the beginnings of military maneuvering against the Mexican government's presence in California.
		Since the peak of Sutter's enterprise, it had been used successuvely as a trading post and agricultural empire, gamling casino, a hospital, a warehouse, a residence, and finally, to its dishonor, as a stable, a chicken house, and a pigpen.
		It was in 1839 that John Sutter arrived in California, armed with a carpetbag full of letters of introduction and the hint that he was a former captain in the French Army.
	www.militarymuseum.org /Sutter.html (2768 words)

	Railtown 1897 State Historic Park - information
		That portion of the Old Sacramento State Historic Park bounded by Front Street on the west, I Street on the north, J Street on the south, and the alley between I and J Streets on the east, commonly known as the "1849 Scene," is one of Sacramento's most historic areas.
		Sacramento City (the name by which the city was incorporated March 18, 1850) was part of the New Helvetia land grant, occupied by Captain John Augustus Sutter, Sr.
		By the summer of 1848, Captain Sutter was in poor financial condition.
	www.csrmf.org /railtown/doc.asp?ID=227 (314 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Wild West \| John Sutter and California's Indians
		Although financially ruined by the discovery of gold on his property in California in 1848, John Augustus Sutter is popularly perceived in California and Western history as an ambitious but magnanimous entrepreneur who was sympathetic to American settlement in Mexican California and treated the overlanders of the early 1840s with hospitable compassion.
		Sutter, despite what he had told Alvarado, went on to play a prominent role in the early settlement of California by Americans.
		Sutter used them to build his fort, raise his crops, care for thousands of cattle, sheep, horses and hogs, catch his fish, deliver pelts for his profitable beaver trade, and serve as soldiers against other tribes he suspected of stealing his horses and destroying his property.
	www.thehistorynet.com /we/bljohnsuttercaliforniaindians (1387 words)

	CONTEXT: Issue No. 17: Book Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cendrars transforms the historical Sutter, on whose California property was found the gold that launched the Gold Rush of 1848, into a larger-than-life character whose ambition, drive and bloody-mindedness encounter the similar ambition and greed of those who want to wrest money out of his land.
		Sutter left the Old World to make his name and a fortune in the New, and invents paradise using productive farmland, thereby creating a self-sustaining fiefdom, an idyllic place for everyone except the slaves and Indians.
		Sutter’s political maneuvering with Mexican and Washington politicians, as well as the brutal assault on his property and family by “stampeding mobs of people,” are crisply set down in this mix of morality play, Greek tragedy, and reportage.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /context/no17/cendrars.html (292 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Sutter, John Augustus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		SUTTER, JOHN AUGUSTUS [Sutter, John Augustus] 1803-80, American pioneer, b.
		There he established his colony, known as New Helvetia, and built Sutter's Fort (see Sacramento).
		The news spread, and gold-mad crowds poured across the continent in the rush of 1849.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/sutter-j1.asp (315 words)

	Amazon.com: Gold: Being the Marvellous History of General John Augustus Sutter: Books: Blaise Cendrars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sutter went first to New York, then Missouri, and finally ended up in California, where he set up a trading post and fort and, not coincidentally, something of a protection racket for other settlers.
		Gold, also known as Sutter's Gold, which is perhaps his most famous prose work, seems at least partly autobiographical, as the story of John Augustus Sutter so closely resembles the basic pattern of the author's own life.
		Sutter too was Swiss, but he abandoned his family and emigrated to America, pulled ever westward, he eventually became extremely wealthy and one of the founders of modern California.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0935576088?v=glance (762 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for sutter
		Sutter, John Augustus SUTTER, JOHN AUGUSTUS [Sutter, John Augustus] 1803-80, American pioneer, b.
		Hunterdon co., N.J. Migrating to California for his health, he arrived at Sutter's Fort (site of present Sacramento) in 1845 and soon acquired land and livestock.
		The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (see Sutter, John Augustus) along the river in 1848 led to the California gold rush of 1849.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=sutter (470 words)

	The History of the California Gold Rush: Car reviews, pricing, SUVs, trucks, maintenance, safety, lemon law, travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Had it not been for his partner John Augustus Sutter's tremendous ongoing demand for milled lumber for his fort in Sacramento, Marshall would have never setup the lumber camp or built the mill that caused the discovery of gold in California.
		Sutter, an immigrant from Switzerland, was developing a large fort and agricultural colony (commune) where the American and Feather rivers merge near Sacramento.
		Sutter went into partnership with Marshall and directed him to build the saw mill in the Coloma Valley, 150 miles from Sacramento.
	www.womanmotorist.com /index.php/news/main/2332/event=View/page=1 (719 words)

	California Countryside™ \| Curators \| Sutter's Fort
		Sutter's "Fort" was built in Sacramento by Swiss immigrant John Sutter more than 150 years ago.
		John Augustus Sutter was born in Europe to Swiss-
		Aligning himself with the Mexican authorities, at one point, with his various land grants, Sutter owned more than 150,000 acres of the Central Valley, and was a generous host to such colorful and historically important characters as John C. Fremont and Kit Carson.
	www.findyourselfincalifornia.com /curators/suttersfort (223 words)

	Sacramento History Online
		Sutter's crops fail from neglect while he is off fighting in one of Alta California's Civil Wars.
		Sutter's crops fail from neglect while he is fighting in the Bear Flag revolt.
		Sutter will eventually be forced from his land and die bankrupt as a result of the Gold Rush.
	www.sacramentohistory.org /resources_timeline.html (2586 words)

	The Union - Today's Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		At first Sutter claimed he was a captain in the Swiss Army, later embellished into service as an officer in the court of Charles X of France, and subsequently as the prominent son of a clergyman.
		In late 1839 and early 1840, Sutter began to establish his colony by building an adobe fort at his settlement that he called New Helvetia, or "New Switzerland." Sutter's first fort was a remarkably sophisticated and well-designed one.
		Sutter had begun his planning for a new commercial center and real estate development a few miles down the Sacramento River at a spot that he characteristically named Sutterville.
	www.theunion.com /article/20060717/TODAYSFEATURE/107170120 (1466 words)

	Recreation2
		Sutter Buttes, north of Pass Road - To the north in a valley, is the Old Moore Getty House, built in 1871.
		Overnight visitor accommodations in Sutter County, excluding camping, are found primarily in the Yuba City area with scattered accommodations elsewhere in the County.
		Sutter County has no officially designated state scenic highways, as are identified in the "Master Plan of State Highways Eligible for Official State Designation by the California Department of Transportation".
	ceres.ca.gov /planning/genplan/sutter/recreation2.html (4624 words)

	Robert da Silva
		In his life, John C. Fremont sailed to South America, explored the American Southeast, Midwest and West, conquered California, was court marshaled for mutiny, made millions in California gold, became California's first Senator, ran for President of the United States, was a Civil War General, and became a pauper in the Gilded Age.
		In 1841 Sutter purchasing 49,000 acres at the junction of the Feather and Sacramento rivers in 1841.
		On July 9, 1846 a U.S. Navy battleship, commanded by John D. Sloat, docked in Monterey, routed the detachment of the Mexican Coast Guard garrisoning the port in a minor skirmish (the Battle of Monterey), and alerted Frémont and his men that the Mexican-American War had begun.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~rdasilva/MexiAmeri.htm (1109 words)

	About the Park
		John Augustus Sutter was born in Europe to Swiss-German parents in 1803.
		In Sacramento, he built what came to be know as Sutter's Fort -- with walls that were 2 1/2 feet thick and 15 to 18 feet high -- and developed what he considered to be the real wealth of California -- crops such as grapes and wheat, along with vast herds of cattle.
		In 1848, James Marshall, a carpenter working for Sutter, discovered gold at the sawmill Sutter was having built in Coloma, on the American River.
	www.parks.ca.gov /default.asp?page_id=21507 (387 words)

	Coatesville Ledger - A tribute to the Chain Saw Man, Dean Fox, the wood sculpture artist
		You can see it when you go by the General Sutter Inn at the square, where, on a patio, stands a lifelike wooden sculpture of James Wilson Marshall and General John Augustus Sutter, who in the 1800s were the first men to find precious metal and gold.
		John Augustus Sutter was born in Baden in 1803, a few miles from the Swiss border.
		Sutter and family then went to Washington, D.C., seeking restitution from Congress, after a small band of men set fire to his home and destroyed his properties in 1865.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?BRD=2245&dept_id=452536&newsid=12530469&PA... (1225 words)

	Important People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On January 24, 1848 James W. Marshall, a carpenter building a sawmill in partnership with John A. Sutter, in the Sacramento Valley, discovered gold in the running water of the mill race at Coloma.
		Sutter had made all the men promise to keep the gold discovery a secret until the sawmill and the spring crop were finished, but the word of gold leaked out shortly after the promises were made.
		Sutter spent most of his time and money trying to get Congress to listen to his sad stories and reward him with land grants.
	warrensburg.k12.mo.us /soc/goldrush/chrissy.html (294 words)

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