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Topic: Svalbard

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	Svalbard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Svalbard is an archipelago lying in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe, about midway between Norway and the North Pole.
		With the 1925 Svalbard Act, Norway chose to make Svalbard a part of the Kingdom, and it remains one of four special entities whose status is recognized by international treaty in the world today.
		Svalbard consists of a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean; ranging from 76° to 81° North, and 10° to 35° East, it forms the northernmost part of Norway and the northernmost lands of Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Svalbard (1815 words)

	Nordic Culture > Svalbard and Spitsbergen, Arctic Circle, Norway - Scandinavica.com
		Svalbard became a demilitarized Norwegian dependency in 1920 and is administered by a Governor named by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice.
		Svalbard is a Norwegian dependency run by a Governor and therefore all the settlements in the archipelago are under Norwegian jurisdiction.
		The Svalbard reindeer was almost extinct by human overhunting by the time when Norway took control of the territory in 1925 and declared the Svalbard reindeer as a protected specie.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/travel/svalbard.htm (2289 words)

	Svalbard travel guide - Wikitravel
		Svalbard [1] (Russian: Grumant) also known as Spitsbergen, is a group of islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and the Norwegian Sea.
		Svalbard is the northernmost tip of Europe and its settlements are the northernmost permanently inhabited spots on the planet.
		Svalbard is a popular staging point (at least in relative terms) for launching expeditions to the North Pole.
	wikitravel.org /en/Svalbard (1903 words)

	Svalbard
		Svalbard is an archipelago on the northwestern corner of the Barents Shelf.
		Mitchell, B.J., J.E. Zollweg, J.J. Kohsmann, J.J. Cheng, and E.J. Haug, Intraplate earthquakes in the Svalbard Archipelago, J. Geophys.
		Mitchell, B.J., H. Bungum, W.W. Chan, and P.B. Mitchell, Seismicity and present-day tectonics of the Svalbard region, Geophys.
	www.eas.slu.edu /People/BJMitchell/TextPages/Svalbard.html (642 words)

	Centerweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Treaty of Svalbard became effective on 14 August 1925, and according to the Act of 17 July 1925, Svalbard is part of the Kingdom of Norway.
		The highest measured temperature in Svalbard is 21.3° C, and the lowest is -46.3° C. Stiff breezes are common in the winter half-year, while fog is a typical summer phenomenon.
		The fjords and sea areas north and east of Svalbard are covered with ice for 8-9 months of the year, while the fjords on the west side of Spitsbergen can be ice-free for large parts of the winter.
	npiweb.npolar.no /scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=polar/d_emneside.html?hPKey=246&hParent=23&hDKey=3 (450 words)

	Odin - Svalbard -- "The land of the cold coasts" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Studies undertaken on Svalbard indicate that the polar bears in the Svalbard area belong to a larger stock which roams the Arctic regions from East Greenland, and eastwards past Svalbard to the Russian islands.
		Longyearbyen, the administrative capital of Svalbard, was established by the Arctic Coal Co. in 1906.
		The Svalbard Act of 1925 establishes that the island group is a part of the Kingdom of Norway.
	odin.dep.no /odin/engelsk/norway/history/032005-990455/index-dok000-b-n-a.html (3087 words)

	Svalbard Geology
		Svalbard comprises all islands between latitude 74° North and latitude 81° North and between longitude 10° East and longitude 35° East.
		The oldest till deposits on Svalbard were probably deposited when Spitsbergen was situated close to the South Pole, some 600 million years (MY) ago, and the red Devonian sandstone of northern Spitsbergen was deposited when Svalbard was close to the Equator, some 350-400 MY ago.
		During the later part of the Cretaceous, Svalbard was subject to a tectonic uplift causing erosion and a hiatus in the sedimentary record.
	www.hi.is /~oi/svalbard_geology.htm (2828 words)

	Svalbard Reiseliv AS
		The exhibition presents fragments of Svalbard's 400 years history and describes factors that help support life and the activities taking place here, which together reveal the close relationship between sea and land, nature and culture history.
		In connection with Svalbard Museum there is a very characteristic building which houses the funicular railway that was used in earlier times to transport coal in Longyearbyen.
		In collaboration with Svalbard Tourism, the Governor of Svalbard has prepared five brochures on the historical monuments, which describe the locations of historical monuments and sites on the archipelago.
	www.svalbard.net /index.asp?intOpenID=78&action=category&catid=78 (428 words)

	Svalbard - Svalbard: between Norway and The North Pole. Untouched, arctic wilderness, vast mountain areas & magnificent ...
		Svalbard - Svalbard: between Norway and The North Pole.
		The Svalbard Islands are located halfway between Norway and The North Pole and offers untouched arctic wilderness with vast mountain areas and magnificent glaciers.
		Despite of Svalbard being so close to the North Pole, the archipelago has a relatively mild climate compared to areas at the same latitude.
	www.visitnorway.com /templates/NTRDestinationArticle.aspx?id=87930 (212 words)

	Arctic Mars Analogue Svalbard Expedition - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		Svalbard, meaning "cold coast," is an archipelago composed of four main islands and about 150 smaller ones.
		One of this year's expedition sites, located in the Bockfjorden area of Svalbard at 80ºN, is an intriguing place where hot meets cold.
		The expedition team traveled to the Bockfjorden area by boat, and returned to that boat to sleep each "night" (in August, there is 24 hours of daylight).
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/planetary_analogs/svalbard.html (956 words)

	Svalbard
		Svalbard: History - History Discovered (1194) by the Vikings, the islands were forgotten until their rediscovery (1596)...
		Svalbard: Land and People - Land and People The islands form plateaus intersected by deep fjords, of which Isfjorden is the...
		Farewell to Svalbard: Mark Evans writes his final entry from the Arctic Year Project in Svalbard, as he and the last group of young......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0847349.html (261 words)

	Birds - Pictures in Spitsbergen
		Svalbard has some of the largest concentration of birds (hundreds of thousands) of Northern Atlantic.
		The little auk is probably the most common specie in the Svalbard archipelago during the nesting period.
		The Svalbard Ptarmigan which is subspecies of the Ptarmigan is the only bird that stays at Svalbard throughout the winter.Other species typically Arctic like the gull of Sabine, the gull of Ross and seagull senator also spend winter in Svalbard or in the area.
	www.svalbard-images.com /spitsbergen/birds-e.php (165 words)

	Svalbard 1999
		As you can't get a plane from Edinburgh direct to Svalbard, we were tempted to make it a longer Norwegian holiday, and decided to stop over in Tromsø and Oslo on either side of joining our tour group in Svalbard.
		Staying in Tromsø provides time to become accustomed to the 24 hours of daylight, and the town’s museums are an excellent introduction to the history of polar exploration and the ecology of the arctic regions.
		Svalbard Polar Travel’s experienced and capable guides increasingly impressed us with their organisational skills, for the teamwork between the group leaders and with the ships captain and crew was very evident - as was our guides’ ability to be at the same time both efficient and friendly.
	www.david-taylor.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /Hols/1999/Svalbard/default.htm (1031 words)

	Svalbard News
		Polar bears are drowning and receding Arctic glaciers have uncovered previously unknown islands in a drastic 2006 summer thaw widely blamed on global warming.
		Thais may not have a distinguished polar history but they are among the biggest ethnic groups in Norway's snowy Arctic archipelago of Svalbard.
		The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is designed to protect the worlds seeds in the event of catastrophes such as plant disease or other threats, said Norways Minister of Agriculture and Food Terje Riis-Johansen.
	www.topix.net /world/svalbard (718 words)

	Svalbard islands - images (Spitsbergen) - www.travel-images.com
		Svalbard - Spitsbergen island - Pyramiden: in the centre
		Svalbard - Spitsbergen island - Pyramiden: the Russian ghost town in the distance - Billefjord
		Svalbard Islands - group of islands, including the island of Spitsbergen, in the Artic Ocean about 640 km north of Norway.
	www.travel-images.com /svalbard.html (283 words)

	Svalbard Images - Maps and Pictures
		A wide range of activities are available on Svalbard, from hiking, kayak, boat trips, cruise, during summer and autumn to skiing trips with snowmobile or dog-sled transport during the winter season.
		Svalbard is also worth experiencing from a kayak which offers opportunities for combining kayak with hiking.
		Nordauslandet in North East of Svalbard is a large island which has the two larger ice caps of the archipelago.
	www.svalbard-images.com (333 words)

	QEPRG, Svalbard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Svalbard is the geographical name of the high Arctic archipelago situated between 74° and 81°N latitude and 10° and 35°E longitude.
		The main conclusions are that high arctic limnological systems on Svalbard have been very responsive to environmental change, especially in the last 50-100 years.
		Analysis of the pollen and spore content of fresh samples of faeces from Svalbard reindeer were done to study variations between and within seasons.
	www.uib.no /bot/qeprg/svalbard.htm (397 words)

	Svalbard
		The isolation of the islands is one reason, why a fully working airport with instrument facilities is a vital part of life in Svalbard.
		As Svalbard is a military exclusion zone, no military airplanes are allowed into that airspace.
		I took time to sample all but one of them, and from a gourmet meal in the SAS hotel to down to earth but excellently prepared meals at the Basecamp, all the existing hotels and restaurants are of a very high standard.
	www.danur.com /frontpage/svalbard.htm (3448 words)

	Spitsbergen Tours—Polar Bear Tours & Wildlife of Spitsbergen—TravelWild Expeditions
		With a mild climate due to the northernmost influence of the Gulf Stream, the summer snow line recedes to between 1,600 and 2,300 feet uncovering verdant patches of green and red mosses and delicate wildflowers.
		These next eight days are dedicated to exploring the Svalbard Archipelago, especially around the environs of its biggest and most spectacular island—Spitsbergen.
		We are very likely to experience up-close meetings with Svalbard reindeer grazing along mossy banks, walruses on land and amidst the ice floes, arctic foxes, bearded and ringed seals and, possibly, whales.
	www.travelwild.com /Svalbard.asp (807 words)

	Svalbard Travel Tips - Svalbard Travel Guide - VirtualTourist.com
		Svalbard Reiseliv AS is the key tourism organisation at Svalbard.
		It is not uncommon on Svalbard to have long periods during the winter with temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees with a wind-chill factor that compounds the cooling effect of the low temperatures.
		Svalbard may be described as an "Arctic desert" with annual rain- and snowfall at a mere 200-300 mm.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Svalbard/General_Tips-Svalbard-BR-2.html (521 words)

	Aerospace Technology - Svalbard Ground Station
		The ground station at Svalbard is unique because it covers all 14 daily passes of polar orbiting satellites, allowing for a more continuous download of information.
		Completion of the Svalbard CDA site accommodation and station installation is planned for June 2003.
		The business idea for Svalbard Satellite Station is to provide cost-effective services to polar satellite operators.
	www.aerospace-technology.com /projects/svalbard (523 words)

	Svalbard(Spitbergen) Paper Money INDEX
		A Russian family named Starostin is reported to have hunted in Pomory (Svalbard) as early as 1425.
		In 1953 Svalbard began being administrated by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice.
		Longyearbyen is the largest community in Svalbard with a current population of about 1100 people.
	numismondo.com /pm/sva (505 words)

	svalbard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Here are green cliffs (fertilized by sea birds) along the coast of the fjord, between Longyear and Barentsberg.
		We got off the boat in Barentsberg, the Russian coal mining settlement on Svalbard (population approximately 800, half miners).
		The main settlement on Svalbard is the the Norwegian town Longyearbyen.
	rabbit.eng.miami.edu /~andrew/pics/svalbard (168 words)

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