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Topic: Svea, Svalbard

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	Active layer thickness and ground temperatures, Svea, Svalbard
		Active layer thickness and ground temperatures, Svea, Svalbard
		Weather station data is available in hard copy: precipitation records and snow depth records for 1985-1996.
		Bakkehoi, S. and Gregersen, O. Active layer thickness and ground temperatures, Svea, Svalbard.
	nsidc.org /data/docs/fgdc/ggd249_activlayer_svalbard (196 words)

	Svalbard Airport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The construction of Svalbard Airport was started in 1973 and it was officially opened in September 2, 1975.
		Currently the largest operator into Svalbard Airport is SAS Braathens, which operate daily flights to Tromsø and onwards to Oslo.
		Before Svalbard had an air service, the entire island was cut off from the rest of the world, with the exception of radio communication, between November and May. During World War II the german invation forces in Norway had contructed a primitiv air strip at Adventdalen, near Longyearbyen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Svalbard_Airport (711 words)

	Spitzbergen / Svalbard, Norway
		The Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, centered on the main island of Spitzbergen (Spitsbergen), lies between the 74th and 81st parallels, some 700km/435mi north of the North Cape and 1,300km/810mi from the North Pole.
		Svalbard displays a very varied geological pattern, ranging from the Pre-Cambrian granite peaks in the northwest by way of the Carboniferous coal measures to the younger rocks of the Tertiary era in the center of the main island.
		Although Svalbard lies in the Arctic region its average temperatures, particularly on the west coast and in winter, are much higher than at other places in the same latitude.
	www.planetware.com /norway/spitzbergen-svalbard-n-sva-sva.htm (844 words)

	Nordic Culture > Svalbard and Spitsbergen, Arctic Circle, Norway - Scandinavica.com
		Svalbard became a demilitarized Norwegian dependency in 1920 and is administered by a Governor named by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice.
		Svalbard is a Norwegian dependency run by a Governor and therefore all the settlements in the archipelago are under Norwegian jurisdiction.
		The Svalbard reindeer was almost extinct by human overhunting by the time when Norway took control of the territory in 1925 and declared the Svalbard reindeer as a protected specie.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/travel/svalbard.htm (2289 words)

	Odin Archive - Report No. 9 to the Storting (1999-2000) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Svalbard Samfunnsdrift is responsible for a number of tasks that are the responsibility of the local authorities on the mainland.
		Svalbard ServiceSenter AS The subsidiary Svalbard ServiceSenter AS was founded on 13 December 1995 in connection with the process implemented by Svalbard Samfunnsdrift AS whereby a clearer distinction was made between administrative tasks and economic activities.
		Svalbard was chosen for this storage because of its dry, cool climate, and inside the mine the permafrost ensures that the temperature is kept constantly below 0°C all year round.
	odin.dep.no /odinarkiv/norsk/jd/2000/eng/012001-040006/hov007-nu.html (12615 words)

	Svalbard Paper Money, SNSK Introduction
		It has a runway length of 2,200 meters, is operated by the Norwegian state, is open to all nationals of all parties to the Svalbard Treaty on equal terms and may only be used for civil aviation.
		In the 1930's safeguards were instituted to protect birds and polar bears in certain areas, in particular the ban in 1939 of hunting polar bear on their breeding grounds on Kong Karls Land, a group of islands east of Spitsbergen.
		Svalbard was not effected until war between Russia and Germany was declared in 1941.
	numismondo.com /pm/sva/indexSNX.htm (2022 words)

	Svalbard Coal
		Svalbard's coal seams provide one of the few sources of good quality coal in the far north.
		The first attempt to exploit Svalbard coal commercially was by a Norwegian, Søren Zachariassen, who mined on the north shore of Isfjorden from 1899.
		Svalbard at that time was still a political no-man's-land, and although Longyear had staked mineral claims over large areas there was no effective system of enforcement.
	website.lineone.net /~polar.publishing/svalbardcoal.htm (1661 words)

	A Guide to Svalbard - ExploreNorth
		the polar bear population of the Svalbard region is estimated at 2-3,000.
		the Svalbard reindeer is the smallest species of reindeers in the world.
		It's a low-res fl-and-white shot, but it's on Svalbard, at 78° 2' N, 15° 7' E., so it's the furthest-north Webcam in the world.
	www.explorenorth.com /library/weekly/aa011400a.htm (679 words)

	JD - Svalbard (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The purpose of the present report is to give an overall assessment of the Svalbard community, and in this connection to view the environment, mining and other economic activities, foreign policy, and other relevant factors as a coherent whole.
		In the present report, the Government has stated that transfers to Svalbard ought not to increase beyond their present level, and that it is an objective to reduce them in the longer term, cf.
		Although certain "municipal tasks" are being transferred from the Governor of Svalbard to the Community Council in Longyearbyen as far as affairs in Longyearbyen are concerned, the Governor will have to retain competence and authority in the same fields in respect of the other areas and settlements on Svalbard.
	odin.dep.no /jd/english/doc/white_paper/012001-040007/hov015-bu.html (794 words)

	TrekEarth \| Spitzbergen Photo
		Svalbard includes all landmasses between 74 and 81 degrees North and between 10 and 35 degrees east, as well as the sea inside a territorial boundary stretching out 4 nautical miles from land.
		Svalbard is territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway.
		The picture was taken at July 17th, 1995 11.21 UTC during a flight in a one engine light aircraft Cessna 210 from Tromsö to Longyearbjen on Spitzbergen.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/Europe/photo109717.htm (370 words)

	Svalbard 1999 - Background (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Svalbard is an archipelago totalling 63,000 square kilometres which spans the latitudes 77—80ºN and is 570 kilometres north of Norway.
		Svalbard is one of the few remaining areas of unspoiled wilderness in Europe, supporting a flora and fauna adapted to the harsh Arctic conditions.
		The importance of Svalbard to the scientific community is recognised by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) who maintain a permanent research facility in Ny-Ålesund.
	www-staff.lboro.ac.uk /~gydjg2/svalbard/background.htm (289 words)

	Svalbard Archaeology
		The history of Svalbard, or Spitsbergen as it was generally known as before the ratification of the Svalbard treaty in 1925, has always been connected to the exploitation of natural resources.
		The Svalbard coal was first mentioned by the whale hunters of the 17th century, who used it on board their ships.
		The political stakes in Svalbard coalmining was also addressed by the other actors involved in the coal rush, but with no support from their national governments.
	www.svalbardarchaeology.org /history.html (1438 words)

	Svalbard -- Land of the Cold Coasts (Norway - the official site in the United States)
		Svalbard is known for its polar bears, which belong to a larger stock that roams the Arctic from East Greenland and eastwards past Svalbard to the Russian islands.
		In summer, polar bears on Svalbard normally keep to the pack ice along the north and east coasts.
		Visitors to Svalbard discover a land of high mountains, with alluvial plains beyond, and craggy coasts deeply gashed by fjords.
	www.norway.org /News/archive/1995/199507svalbard.htm (517 words)

	BMP 6th ISMA: Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The coal mining on Svalbard is for geological and climatically reasons located on the western side of the largest iceland Spitsbergen.
		Arctic areas like Svalbard with permafrost usually have only a short melting season where water and oxygen are available for AMD formation.
		Svalbard represents a unique situation: No indigenous inhabitants; Neither private nor public land prior to 1925; Until recently mining was the sole all-year commercial activity; Prospect evaluation has been decided by economy and environmental issues, although international politics should also be credited.
	www.bmp.gl /XN_isma6_pre/XN-E/XN-E_10da_listofabstracts.html (6128 words)

	The Svalbard Pages Forums :: View topic - Stay to live in Svalbard
		Svea and Barentsburg are mining sites, U need to be employed to stay there.
		Svea is not a town on its own.
		Now and then there are advertisments for jobs at Svalbard, either within the tourist industry, the mining company (Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani), service companies etc. What you can do is to send general applications to the various companies - you may be lucky..
	forum.svalbard.com /viewtopic.php?p=13845 (867 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Cool coal's prospects hot up
		He was speaking at the firm's offices in Longyearbyen, the administrative capital of Svalbard, the archipelago of which Spitsbergen is the biggest island.
		Mr Hermansen said the coal mined at Svea Nord, about 60 kilometres (38 miles) from Longyearbyen, which began production in 2001, was of high calorific value.
		From the Svea Nord pithead to the loading wharf is 10 km (6 miles).
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2285483.stm (612 words)

	SAS Braathens - Longyearbyen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Longyearbyen is under the Midnight Sun from 19 April to 23 August, and between 28 October and 14 February the sun does not show its face at all in Longyearbyen.
		Svalbard is an attractive destination, drawing many well-known performers and artists for continual exhibitions, concerts and other events.
		There are no roads between the communities on Svalbard, so the only means of transport is by snow scooter and boat.
	www.braathens.no /WCM/templates/Page____1116.aspx (304 words)

	ITT Flygt Headquarter - Permafrost and polar bears
		In the Svalbard Archipelago, high in the Barents Sea north of Norway and just 1,000 kilometres from the North Pole, that honour goes to the polar bear.
		Here at Svea, 60 kilometres of roadless glacial landscape from the capital, Europe's northernmost commercial coal mine is operated by the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani.
		Reserves of high-grade coal in the Svea North field are estimated at around 70million tonnes.
	www.flygt.com /332935.asp (933 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Norway defends Arctic coal plan
		WWF says the coal will be exported at a subsidised price to the European Union, and that by selling it Norway will be "actively working against implementation of the Kyoto Protocol" on climate change.
		The company's future forms part of the wider debate on the future of Svalbard, a pristine island group lying within 900 kilometres (600 miles) of the North Pole.
		But there is growing pressure now for Svalbard to be used instead as a base for tourism and science.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1705942.stm (517 words)

	Kjempet forgjeves for kollegaens liv - Dagbladet.no
		SVEA (Dagbladet): Arbeidskollegaenes førstehjelp kunne ikke redde gruvearbeideren Egil Sårheim.
		Han døde da taket raste sammen i den ene av de to gruvene i Svea på Svalbard i går.
		Forrige dødsulykke i Svea var i 1995, da ei blokk raste ut. - Det viktigste nå er å ta vare på de pårørende og arbeidskollegaene.
	www.dagbladet.no /nyheter/2000/07/05/210252.html (623 words)

	Planet Ark (Site not responding. Last check: )
		OSLO - Environmentalists yesterday slammed Norway's plan to increase coal mining from Arctic Svalbard, saying coal was the most polluting source of power and could damage the islands' fragile ecosystem.
		Coal is among the fossil fuels seen by many scientists as a contributor to global warming through its emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2).
		Norway's Environment Minister Boerge Brende agreed the issue was difficult, but claimed his arms were tied in the Svea Nord issue because of the political weight behind the proposal.
	www.planetark.org /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=13669 (506 words)

	569: Svalbard, Norway Experimental Oil Spill To Study Spill Detection and Oil Behavior in Ice
		Proposal focuses on the design and implementation of a field spill in Svalbard, Norway in March 2006, where several remote sensing systems will be tested in both surface and airborne modes.
		MMS worked with SINTEF and the University of Svalbard on this effort and in February 2006, MMS has received its fourth permit from the Norwegian government and the Governor of Svalbard to conduct “an intentional release of oil for research purposes” at Svea.
		A report was sent to the Governor of Svalbard documenting the field work, in situ burn activities and the status of the spill site.
	www.mms.gov /tarprojects/569.htm (678 words)

	Svalbard Sea Kayaking Tours Itinerary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Day 4 - Kayaking to the foot of the Svea Glacier in Yoldai Bay we have the chance to further observe and photograph the abundant arctic wildlife; in addition to Polar Bears, Sperm and Blue whales are common to the area.
		Day 5 - We spend the day birding along Prins Karls Forland Island National Park where the air is filled with the cries of auks, kittiwakes, fulmars and puffins.
		The remoteness of Svalbard and its high arctic environment make exact times and destinations variable on each expedition.
	www.tofino.com /svalbard-itin.htm (452 words)

	Svalbard
		Flying over Spitzbergen, the main island of the Svalbard archipelago, where the "capital" Longyearbyen is located.
		Here we are flying over Svea at about 9000 feet of altitude, approaching Svalbard Longyear airport on runway 28.
		A few minutes away from the town, there is a fantastic jewel: a cave under a glacier, going inside the mountain.
	www.wideview.it /travel/svalbard/en_longyearbyen_99.htm (206 words)

	Svalbard(Spitbergen) Paper Money INDEX
		A Russian family named Starostin is reported to have hunted in Pomory (Svalbard) as early as 1425.
		In 1953 Svalbard began being administrated by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice.
		Longyearbyen is the largest community in Svalbard with a current population of about 1100 people.
	numismondo.com /pm/sva/index.html (505 words)

	Regent Seven Seas Cruises : Ports Home
		The clear polar night with the twinkling stars and the flaming Northern light or the snow covered mountain peaks shied up by the burning midnight sun, it is hard to say what is the most impressive.
		The nature of Svalbard is wild and beautiful, but at the same time very fragile.
		A monument is erected by the Norwegian state to the memory of "Svalbard Voyagers 1600 - 1750".
	www.rssc.com /ports/detail.jsp?region=TOTW&code=MGF (315 words)

	Svalbard fire sparks fears
		A fire inside the Svea Nord mine on Svalbard continued to burn on Monday, and it's spreading fears about the overall future of coal mining on the Arctic archipelago.
		Smoke billowing out of the Svea Nord coal mine on Svalbard made for some dramatic photos over the weekend.
		The fire broke out Saturday morning, and is believed to have been sparked by some welding work on drain pipes inside the largest mine on Svalbard.
	www.aftenposten.no /english/local/article1089317.ece?service=print (292 words)

	Saagar Svalbard Travel Page - VirtualTourist.com
		There are three more communities up here; Svea mines, the Russian/Ukrainian mining settlement of Barentsburg, a Polish research station and the research community Ny Aalesund, the world's northernmost human settlement.
		Svalbard - the name means "Cold Coasts" - is a territory to the north of Norway, and administred by Norway.
		Svalbard, and that includes the entire archipelago, is a definite polar destination.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/6ed8c/4eb (877 words)

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