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	Suomenlinna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Suomenlinna (Finnish), or Sveaborg (Swedish), is an inhabited sea fortress built on six islands, today within Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
		Originally named Sveaborg (Fortress of Sweden), the Finns renamed it Suomenlinna (Castle of Finland) for obvious patriotic reasons, though it is still known as Sveaborg to Swedes and Swedish-speaking Finns.
		Sveaborg did not fight until the bitter end in the hopeless war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sveaborg (1071 words)

	Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The enraged Finnish colonel thereupon approached Gustav III of Sweden with the project of a revolution against their common enemies, the "Caps." It was to begin in Finland where Sprengtporten's regiment the Nylandia dragoons, was stationed.
		He undertook to seize the impregnable fortress of Sveaborg by a coup de main.
		The submission of the whole grand duchy would be the natural consequence of such a success, and, Finland once secured, Sprengtporten proposed at the head of his Finns to embark for Sweden, meet the king and his friends near Stockholm, and surprise the capital by a night attack.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacob_Magnus_Sprengtporten (675 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) - short history, photos, some impressions and links on the Northern Fortress Home andgt; Sveaborg Russian Main Photo Plan Where is it Links History Construction of the fortress began...
		Sveaborg and the Crimean War In April and August 1854 ten British naval ships made several reconnaissance surveys on the waters near Sveaborg (see the map of 1855).
		Dispatch of a Delegation to Sveaborg V. Â Lenin Dispatch of a Delegation to Sveaborg Resolution of the Executive Commission of the St. Petersburg Committee of the R.S.D.L.P. Written: Written July...
	sveaborg.iqexpand.com (1060 words)

	Sveaborg > Main
		Sveaborg was handed over after the short siege, despite of great superiority of Swedes in artillery (1000 guns against Russian 80).
		During the WWI Sveaborg was part of the Fortress of Peter the Great and it was used as the base for mine fleet.
		Nowadays Sveaborg is important cultural and museum centre, a lot of actors and artists live on the islands permanently.
	www.nortfort.ru /sveaborg/index_e.html (707 words)

	Eric Sederholm in Four Countries - Story - New generations - Sveaborg seafortress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the early 1750s it was evident that Helsinki had entered into a new time and period, not only because a new clock was placed in the bell-tower, but mostly because of foreign politics and the realities it set.
		The fortress, named as Sveaborg had other buildings in addition to the actual fortress: shipyards, houses for officers and quarters for soldiers.
		Sveaborg did not only bring material goods to Helsinki, but also cultural life.
	www.hel.fi /KAUMUSEO/netdays/sveaborg.html (246 words)

	Main Document - Swedish-Russian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This advance was followed by him being made commander for the coastal navy's Sveaborg squadron as well as Counter Admiral in 1793; in 1801 he was also made Vice Admiral of the Blue Banner (the sign of the coastal navy).
		Finally he attained the position as commandant at Sweden's largest and most important fortress - Sveaborg, but this position was seen more as an exile than a position of honour since he had fallen from favour with the king.
		Cronstedt's punishment for surrendering Sveaborg may be too hard, but it still stands - he is still the traitor and coward, a Finnish Quisling.
	www.multi.fi /~goranfri/biocronstedt.html (442 words)

	Battery B, 4th U.S. Light Artillery - Crimea: The Sea War
		The Gulf of Finland had four defensive point; Krondstadt, a formidably fortified island barring the approaches to St. Petersburg; the fortress of Sveaborg guarding the entrance to Helsingfors (Helsinki), as Finland was constitutionally governed by the Russian Empire; Revel on the Esthonian coast, and Bomarsund, in the Aland Islands.
		In June, Sveaborg was surveyed and found to be too strong for the fleet.
		The allied ship withdrew and sailed to Sveaborg, where Admiral Corry, had made a detailed examination of the defenses and found it to be defended by booms, stakes, mines and eight thousands troops in granite fortifications.
	www.batteryb.com /crimean_war/crimea_sea.html (1613 words)

	Suomenlinna — Finland's Treasured Island Fortress — Virtual Finland
		In 1747, when Finland was part of the Swedish realm, the Diet in Stockholm decided that a fortress be built to serve as the main base for the armed forces stationed in Finland.
		Swedish power in the region gradually declined and in 1808 Sveaborg was surrendered to Russian forces.
		In 1855, during the Russian period, Sveaborg was bombarded by a British-led fleet in an offensive linked to the Crimean War.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/suomenlinna.html (445 words)

	Museovirasto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The aim of the Sveaborg fortification was to protect the shipping channels to Helsinki and act as a landing place for the auxiliary troops arriving from Sweden.
		For the Finnish builders the name, Sveaborg, was difficult to pronounce and it became Viapori in their speech.
		Viapori was the stage for its real purpose, military action, only twice: once in 1808 when Viapori experienced a humiliating surrender to Russia and in 1853 during the Crimean war as the French and English war vessels bombed the fortification heavily for 46 hours.
	www.nba.fi /en/slinna_history (237 words)

	Krepost Sveaborg (Viapori) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Also during the time between the two world wars, scrap iron was collected and for Krepost Sveaborg this meant, that most of the bunkers and shelter rooms were blown to pieces, in order to collect the iron, which had been used to reinforce the bunkers and shelters.
		However the official documents remain nearly silent about these heavy batteries and as the batteries were never completely finished, it remains a question mark whether or not the four areas where the remains of the batteries can be seen today, were suppose to be armed with the heavy 305mm cannons.
		In reality the infantry in Krepost Sveaborg was highly under the planned strength, as approximately only three regiments of infantry and one artillery regiment held the whole defensive line.
	www.silentwall.com /Viapori.html (2612 words)

	Bombing of Viapori - Finnish fireworks championships on Flickr - Photo Sharing! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 1855 bombardment of Sveaborg barely touched Helsinki (but for a couple overshot shells), and the population even gathered on hills to watch the dramatic 'fireworks'.
		The offensive was part of the Baltic Campaign of the Crimean War and was designed to cause maximum damage to Russian installations and naval forces based in the Åland Islands and on Sveaborg.
		Sveaborg was subjected to continuous bombardment throughout the 9th and 10th of August.
	www.flickr.com /photo.gne?id=217350 (739 words)

	The Union's Last War: The Russian-Swedish war of 1808-09
		Sveaborg was considered strong enough to keep up a significant threat to the rear of any advancing Russian Army.
		Sveaborg was the largest base for the coastal fleet and thus the key to Finland.
		Runebergs judgement over Cronstedt's actions at Sveaborg came in the 1840's, and this picture has stayed in Finnish and Swedish minds: Cronstedt was the greatest traitor of all time.
	www.napoleon-series.org /military/battles/c_finnish.html (9073 words)

	Articles - Suomenlinna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sveaborg did not distinguish itself in the war.
		Its commander, Carl Olof Cronstedt, negotiated a cease-fire, and when no Swedish reinforcements had arrived by May, Sveaborg, with almost 7,000 men, surrendered without a fight.
		The reasons for Cronstedt's actions remain unclear; in Finland he is still popularly considered a traitor.
	www.izeez.com /articles/Sveaborg (977 words)

	ANDERS PETTER BENGTSSON WAHLSTRÖM BÄCKMAN: DEFENDER OF NÄRPES IN 1808
		His place of death was listed as the "Sveaborg Redd," which means the Sveaborg "road" (in nautical terms, "road" refers to a protected place near the harbor where ships are anchored, an area that is not as enclosed as a harbor).
		Sveaborg — which means "Sweden’s fortress" — is one of the best-known fortifications in Finland, perhaps in all of Scandinavia.
		Sweden began the construction of Sveaborg in what was then the small town of Helsinki in 1748, as a large fortress to protect its eastern frontier and to prevent further Russian expansion.
	sydaby.eget.net /sjw/apw.htm (4458 words)

	Sail S/Y Ellen in Finland: Helsinki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But here are also memories from earlier periods, the most important is the big Swedish fortress Sveaborg.
		According to early 19th century military doctrine, the defence was built up with a few but very strong fortresses.
		Sveaborg fortress was regarded as having a decisive role for the defence of whole Finland.
	www.ellennet.com /english/helsingfors.htm (260 words)

	SUOMENLINNA SVEABORG
		During the Crimean War of 1854-56 the bombardment of Suomenlinna (then known as Sveaborg - "Sweden's fortress" or Viapori) lasted three days and the fortress was badly damaged.
		The Russians ruled in Sveaborg for 110 years.
		Barracks, hospitals and a church were built for the needs of a big garrison.
	www.helsinki-hotels.net /suomenli.htm (504 words)

	Trinity Episcopal Church, Swedesboro, NJ
		But after the departure of Governor Printz and the loss of New Sweden to the Dutch, the Swedish and Finnish settlers in what was called "West Jersey" had to worship on the other side of the Delaware.
		He then went to Sveaborg and organized a parish on the banks of the Racoon creek.
		Considerable trouble from Moravian dissenters caused a division in the congregation and the establishment of the Zion Moravian Church of Oldman's Creek, south of Swedesboro, in 1743 (present building, 1786) and a chapel on the Maurice River (Port Elizabeth) in 1746.
	www.colonialswedes.org /Churches/TriEpi.html (877 words)

	Augustin Ehrensvärd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1747, he was chosen by king Frederick I of Sweden to design and construct a maritime fortress near Helsinki in Finland, then a part of the Kingdom of Sweden.
		Building the fortress of Sveaborg became a life's work for Ehrensvärd, who kept expanding the island fortress until his death in 1772.
		Ehrensvärd's burial monument in Sveaborg was designed by king Gustav III of Sweden himself.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Augustin-Ehrensv%E4rd.htm (246 words)

	Travel: Treasures of Scandinavia
		After a mere 20 minutes the ship approaches Sveaborg, the giant fortress that guards the sea entrance to Finland's capital -- or was supposed to guard it.
		It has several museums, the main one telling the vivid tale of life within the four miles of walls that were meant to protect the fort.
		On June 12, 1550, a royal decree by Swedish King Gustav Vasa ordered the merchants of the region to move to a new site and build a trading post on what was then considered the edge of the civilized world.
	www.sptimes.com /News/080600/Travel/Treasures_of_Scandina.2.shtml (1512 words)

	Helsinki \| Historical Background \| WCities Destination Guide
		Intended as a military fortress and base for an offensive against Russia, the building of Sveaborg was begun by Augustin EhrensvÃ¤rd in 1748; the first phase was completed in 1750, and hence it celebrated its 250th anniversary in the year 2000.
		The military withdrew from Sveaborg after that for some decades, and people began to enjoy their free time on the scenic island, a tradition running even stronger today.
		That decade saw the construction of the New Opera House and of the Museum of Contemporary Art, the restoration of Lasipalatsi, the Cathedral and Hotel KÃ¤mp, and the renovation of the two new cinema multiplexes, Kinopalatsi and Tennispalatsi.
	www.wcities.com /en/guide/history/96/guide.html (1645 words)

	MK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Suomenlinna was first called Sveaborg ("Swedish Fortress") and was built under an order from Swedish King Fredrik I. Sveaborg was referred to as Viapori by the Finns.
		It suffered a surrender to Russian forces in 1808, and was bombed heavily by the French and English during the Crimean War.
		Sveaborg was renamed Suomenlinna ("Finnish Fortress") after Finlandâs independence was achieved in 1917.
	michelle.kasprzak.ca /blog/entries/archives/00000046.htm (286 words)

	Sveaborg and the Crimean War 1854-55 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On Aug. 6, 1855, the Anglo-French fleet lead by Admirals Richard S. Dundas on Duke of Wellington and Charles Penaud on Tourville arrived at Sveaborg and grouped themselves at an appropriate distance from the fortress.
		The cannons in Sveaborg were so outdated, that they only could return the fire at a close range and were not able to reach the ships.
		In total, 17,000 shells were fired towards Sveaborg, 1,000 towards Drumsö (Lauttasaari), and 3,000 towards the island of Santahamina (Sandhamn).
	www.histdoc.net /lauttasaari/crimean.html (565 words)

	Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is an old Swedish fortress called Sveaborg, or "Swedish fortress" (in Finnish, Suomenlinna is "fortress of Finland").
		Sveaborg, the greatest fortress of the Swedish empire, was founded in 1748 to protect the eastern part of the empire against Russian attack.
		At times, Sveaborg was the second largest town in Finland, after Turku.
	www.visitfinland.com /web/lv/publish.nsf/c7d25333c6dcef4ec225694200206da5/6ca710e5c41bd43f42256de50055a027?OpenDocument (525 words)

	HHH SVEABORG Coast Artillery Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Coast Artillery Museum on the south-end of Vargön is part of the War Museum, a museum that presents Finland's military history.
		It was opened in 1948 on Sveaborg and tells the stages in the defence of Finnish shores from prehistoric times up till today.
		It is situated in an old powder magazine that was built in 1776 at the same time as the Carpelan bastion was reinforced.
	www.sit.fi /~harald/Sveaborg/artiller.htm (125 words)

	To the North and East
		The third division, consisting of eight ships of the line, a frigate and three steamers, was wintering at Sveaborg.
		There were several sound reasons for this deci-sion: first, the superior quality of the enemy forces, especially their thirteen screw-propeller ships of the line, and, second, the fact that a successful engagement would be impossible without combining the Kronstadt and Sveaborg squadrons.
		Although these early mines were primitive in design and their explosive force was too weak to penetrate the thick hull of an enemy ship, that is, their charge was insufficient to cause sinking, they had a psychological effect, and during a reconnaissance mission, four allied steamers suffered mine damage.
	www.neva.ru /EXPO96/book/chap8-4.html (809 words)

	Sailing on the baltic
		Our first concern was how to tell customs that we were going to Estonia, so we went in search of the tourist office, via the cathedral and senattorget.They weren't too sure tourist office, but thankfully the guy we talked to was helpful enought to ring to customs and find out.
		We headed off west up the avenue and then north to the train station to visit the contempory art museum of Kiasma, with some interesting and bizare exhibitions.
		Once on Sveaborg island, we went to customs, only to find we needed to bring the boat there as well.
	xray.bmc.uu.se /alasdair/adventure/2003/helsinki-stklm/long.html (4190 words)

	The pastel pink building with a lighthouse tower is the old Russian naval jetty barracks from the 19 th century. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The structure is quite fascinating (like everything else in Suomenlinna / Sveaborg) and now houses the Suomenlinnan Brewery, - a brew house and restaurant, several art exhibition halls, a convenience store that is also a small café and post office.
		Because there are almost no tourists on the island you can explore Sveaborg's fortifications undisturbed and on your own.
		The food and beer at the Suomenlinnan Brewery are excellent but you can savor its outstanding food and beer only in the warmer season.
	www.photofora.com /eugene/snapshots/march2003/sveaborg/pages/006x20build.htm (166 words)

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