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Topic: Swadeshi movement

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	Freeindiamedia.com, Express your impartial, radical, grassroot views on current issues. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Swadeshi, Swaraj and Satyagraha were central to India's freedom movement.
		Swadeshi movement as economic battle was necessary adjunct to Swaraj the political battle for freedom.
		Swadeshi to me means a set of policies that are good for the economic development of the country, not for some sections of Indians, be it labour or capital.
	www.freeindiamedia.com /economy/swadeshi.htm (2580 words)

	Swadeshi movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Swadeshi Movement, part of the Indian independence movement, was a successful economic strategy to remove the British Empire from power and improve economic conditions in India through following priciples of swadeshi (self-sufficiency).
		Swadeshi, as a strategy, was a key focus of Mahatma Gandhi who described it as the soul of Swaraj (self rule).
		Mahatma Gandhi described Swadeshi as "a call to the consumer to be aware of the violence he is causing by supporting those industries that result in poverty, harm to workers and to humans and other creatures."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swadeshi_movement (229 words)

	First Partition of Bengal
		Swadeshi and Boycott were the twin weapons of this nationalism and Swaraj (self-government) its main objective.
		The Swadeshi Movement as an economic movement would have been quite acceptable to the Muslims, but as the movement was used as a weapon against the partition (which the greater body of the Muslims supported) and as it often had a religious colouring added to it, it antagonised Muslim minds.
		The greater body of Muslims at all levels remained opposed to the Swadeshi Movement since it was used as a weapon against the partition and a religious tone was added to it.
	www.indhistory.com /first-partition-bengal.html (4610 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Partition of Bengal, 1905
		The Swadeshi Movement as an economic movement would have been quite acceptable to the Muslims, but as the movement was used as a weapon against the partition (which the greater body of the Muslims supported) and as it often had a religious colouring added to it, it antagonised Muslim minds.
		On the whole the Swadeshi preachers were not able to influence and arouse the predominantly Muslim masses in east Bengal.
		The greater body of Muslims at all levels remained opposed to the Swadeshi Movement since it was used as a weapon against the partition and a religious tone was added to it.
	banglapedia.net /HT/P_0100.HTM (4604 words)

	Swadeshi Jagaran Manch - Content
		Swadeshi Chetna Yatra marks an important milestone in the progress of the Swadeshi movement.
		Swadeshi Chetna Yatras were organised from 17 th September to 2 nd October, 1998 throughout the country.
		Swadeshi Mela was organised on grand scale by Centre for Bharatiya Marketing Dev elopment (CBMD) at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi from January 25-30, 1999, to promote Bharatiya producers and to establish Swadeshi entrepreneurs.
	www.swadeshi.org /dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=3 (2920 words)

	The Hindu : Swadesh, not swadeshi
		THE MACMILLAN World English Dictionary, Encarta, defines Swadeshi as ``one that is used in India to describe goods produced within the country of India.'' The definition continues with a mention of the Swadeshi movement, that evolved at the time of the freedom struggle, as the boycott of foreign goods.
		The Swadeshi movement then was a reaction to the colonial rule that came to an end in 1947, a time when there were only 76 independent countries.
		If the first Swadeshi movement was a reaction to the British colonial rule, the present movement is a generalised reaction to the firming up of the WTO rule.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2001/01/09/stories/13090612.htm (1349 words)

	Globalisation versus Swadeshi
		With Swadeshi mindset, the RSS had natural expectations from Vajpayee Government to pursue the economic agenda formulated by the BJP, while it was in opposition.
		The Swadeshi lobby in the RSS is of the view that so long the developed countries are not honest to pursue the ethics of global economic integration, the possibility of India becoming a buoyant economic power may remain a day-dream.
		In fact he is to remove the alleged confusion between the BJP’s concept of Swadeshi as explained in the 1998 election manifesto of the party, when it was in opposition and its new definition suggested as Prime Minister in his just published interview in BJP TODAY.
	www.saag.org /papers2/paper134.html (2076 words)

	Profile
		Swadeshi Science Movement (Kerala Chapter of Vijnana Bharati, India) is a popular Science Movement with a total commitment to the Swadeshi Spirit and approach in Science and Technology.
		Swadeshi has yet another plane of meaning at present, we feel strongly of the need of self reliance in the field of science and technology.
		The ‘Swadeshi Science’ concept is not a dogma, but a dynamic, holistic, approach to evolve a policy from work for national development with redlines to adopt, adapt and assimilate the best from every where.
	www.ssmkerala.org /profile.htm (578 words)

	The Emerging National Vision by Sita Ram Goel Part I - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In fact, the Swadeshi Movement was the beginning in real earnest of the National Struggle for Freedom which was earlier confined to some distinguished people meeting together and passing a number of resolutions.
		The echoes of the Swadeshi Movement were heard far and wide, all over India, particularly in Maharashtra and the Punjab, as also the mantras that were given during the Swadeshi Movement - the mantra of Swadeshi, the mantra of Swarajya, the mantra of Vande Mataram which pulsated with all the aspirations of an awakened nation.
		The National Vision which had arises during the Swadeshi Movement, which had mobilized the masses in India and which had taken her ahead in the fight for freedom, is now more or less completely eclipsed.
	p081.ezboard.com /fhinduunityarchivessectionhinduunitycom.showMessage?topicID=36.topic (4650 words)

	Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		As a student, Savarkar was involved in Swadeshi movement.
		The Society celebrated important dates on the calendar including festivals, freedom movement landmarks and was dedicated to the talks about Indian freedom which came to be highly unacceptable to the British.
		Our movement must not be limited to being against any particular law, but it must be for acquiring the authority to make the laws itself.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/vinayak_damodar_savarkar.htm (1080 words)

	Knowlede :: Road to Freedom :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This was not surprising because a mass movement cannot continue indefinitely at its original tempo in the face of repression.
		However, the movement had drawn a large number of youth in its vortex and many of them continued to be fired by dreams of freedom.
		When mass support for the Swadeshi movement began to wane, such acts both by individuals and groups, increased in number in Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra and further south.
	www.dimdima.com /knowledge/freedom.asp?id=45 (347 words)

	The Sanmar Group - Matrix - December 2001
		He was a freedom fighter, (who challenged the might of the British rulers and suffered long terms of imprisonment,) VOC was born on September 5, 1872, in a family of “old-time pleaders” in Ottapidaram in the composite Tirunelveli district and presently in Tuticorin district.
		The efforts of VOC and his colleagues took a concrete shape on October 16, 1906 when the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company Ltd., was formed, not as a mere commercial venture, but to lay the foundation for a comprehensive shipping industry in the country.
		To his dismay, the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was forced to wind up as it could not withstand the onslaught of the British pressure, in the absence of VOC’s able leadership.
	www.sanmargroup.com /Newsmain/Matrix/Dec2001/LegVOCD01.htm (432 words)

	.::. .::. INDIAN SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE >> SWADESHI SCIENCE MOVEMENT .::. .::.
		The Swadeshi Science Movement is essentially a Science Movement with the motto "Science and Technology for Social Harmony", with 100 per cent Swadeshi spirit in all its aspects of national renaissance and reconstruction.
		The Movement would attempt to adopt, adapt and assimilate the best from everywhere into its traditions as has been the case for millennia before in the unbroken history of this nation, the only nation to preserve its age-old culture and philosophy of life.
		The Swadeshi Science Movement would therefore strive for the development of all Indian languages as effective vehicles of scientific knowledge, and popularize science and technology through Indian languages at all levels of education and research.
	www.sanalnair.org /links/ssm.htm (1913 words)

	[No title]
		The movement being essentially one to secure the greatest freedom for all, Satyagrahis cannot forcibly demand the release of those who might be arrested, whether justly or unjustly.
		I have replied that he is. I, therefore wish to suggest that if we cannot conduct this movement without the slightest violence from our side, the movement might have to be abandoned or it may be necessary to give it a different and still more restricted shape.
		Swadeshi is, I hold, a necessity of national existence.
	www.forget-me.net /en/Gandhi/day2day2.txt (22108 words)

	Indian Independence Movement: Key Landmarks in the Indian Freedom Struggle
		As the movement grew in strength, there were plans to set up cells of the Ghadar party all over India and thousands of young volunteers attempted to return home and initiate local chapters wherever they could.
		the national movement made insufficient progress, hamstrung as it was by the conservatism of Gandhi and his followers in the Congress on one hand, and pushed back by the brutal repression of the British colonial overlords on the other.
		The Quit India Movement of 1942 swept across the length and breadth of the country like a mighty tidal wave bringing in its fold people from all walks of life, arousing in them tremendous patriotic fervour and an irresistible urge to act.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/freedom.html (5422 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 294 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		During the swadeshi movement in 1905, DL Ray was inspired by the patriotism of the time and this was reflected in his compositions, which veered away from the humorous songs that he had long composed.
		He too, was influenced by the swadeshi movement and composed songs reflecting the spirit of the patriots.
		It was a movement, which sought to enlighten the masses and organise the people in the struggle for economic freedom and justice.
	www.thedailystar.net /2004/03/26/d40326140181.htm (817 words)

	Swadeshi movement - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Swadeshi movement
		Protesters vowed to use only domestic (Swadeshi) cottons and other goods manufactured in India.
		The boycott spread throughout the subcontinent, providing a stimulus to indigenous Indian industry and nationalist protest.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Swadeshi+movement (122 words)

	Jadavpur University
		The spirit of national self-respect found its outburst in the swadeshi movement for boycott of every thing of the then British including education.
		Finally the jadavpur university bill was introduced in the west Bengal state legislature in September, 1955 and the objects of the legislature read as follows: "The National Council of Education was founded in 1906 to impart education iiterary and scientific as well as technical and professional on national lines.
		The Council is an outstanding example of the creative achievements of the swadeshi movement.
	www.indiaeducation.ernet.in /insitutions/PROFILE.ASP?no=U00368 (685 words)

	Memon.com - Jamat
		As a result, movement between Sindh and Gujarat was halted and the Memons (who were mainly in business) found life intolerable and were forced to migrate again this time from Varaya.
		The migration and movement of the Memons from their original home in Nagar Thatta in Sindh caused stress and severe hardship, forcing families to fight starvation and, for most, it was a virtual hand-to-mouth survival.
		Launch of the powerful Swadeshi Movement, there was a nation-wide spontaneity for the boycott of British manufactured goods.
	www.memon.com /HTML/History/HistoryVer2.htm (1859 words)

	G21 ASIA - "The Trident & The Mother" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		India's freedom movement abounded in the use of religious symbolism particularly in the use of "The Mother" as an image of the motherland.
		Led by the educated upper classes, the Swadeshi movement freely made use of religious symbols to forge a sense of nationhood among the dispersed peoples of the subcontinent.
		This movement was to become the basis for India's struggle for independence.
	www.g21.net /asia40.htm (1588 words)

	Review of Rabindranath Tagore: Ghare Baire [The Home and the World] by Mohammad Quayum
		It was a nationalist movement meant to boycott British goods and buy homemade products, so that the British would suffer economically for their dark designs of divide and rule policy, while the local industries grew, with less competition from imported goods.
		Swadeshi is supposed to liberate these people from the shackles of British oppression but has somehow, ironically, become repressive of the same defenceless mass.
		He was not to participate in a nationalist movement again because he came to believe that radical nationalism, like religious orthodoxy, breeds divisiveness and blind fanaticism: “Formalism in religion is like nationalism in politics: it breeds sectarian arrogance, mutual misunderstanding and a spirit of persecution”, he wrote in a letter to his friend C.F. Andrews.
	www.mukto-mona.com /Articles/rabindra_probondho/Quayum_on_tagore.htm (3770 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Indian Industrial Association
		Indian Industrial Association (1891) was an outcome of the swadeshi movement in Bengal.
		It was set up at the initiative of Pramathanath Bose who, being influenced by the idea that one of the essential steps to bring about the development of national industries was the dissemination of technical education, wrote several articles advocating the necessity of launching industrial enterprises on modern scientific lines.
		prafulla chandra ray and many others continued such experiments during the heyday of the swadeshi movement when much attention was given to original research and the policy of self-reliance.
	banglapedia.org /HT/I_0044.HTM (626 words)

	Sri Aurobindo: His Political Life
		Sri Aurobindo's attempt at a close organisation of the whole movement did not succeed, but the movement itself did not suffer by that, for the general idea was taken up and activity of many separate groups led to a greater and more widespread diffusion of the revolutionary drive and its action.
		Its most important practical item was Swadeshi plus Boycott; for Swadeshi much was done to make the idea general and a few beginnings were made, but the greater results showed themselves only afterwards in the course of time.
		The movement began well and many national schools were established in Bengal and many able men became teachers, but still the development was insufficient and the economical position of the schools precarious.
	intyoga.online.fr /sa_note.htm (4555 words)

	Swadeshi Science Movement
		A movement for promoting and propagating science and technology development in our country; A science movement with swadeshi spirit; A swadeshi movement in the milieu of science; A movement for the development of swadeshi sciences
		Swadeshi Science Movement (SSM), Kerala is essentially a Science Movement with the motto “Science and Technology for Social Harmony” with cent percent Swadeshi spirit in all its aspects of National renaissance and reconstruction.
		The activities of the Movement aims at exposing the great scientific achievement of ancient India and thereby exploding the misconception that science is a product of west only.
	www.ssmkerala.org (321 words)

	KOLKATTA.COM
		Calcutta was at the vortex of this movement, the main thrust of which was the boycott of foreign goods in favour of those produced in India.
		The Swadeshi movement brought Calcutta into the center of politics, but in an ironic aftermath the agitation crystallised the government’s decision to transfer the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911.
		This is seen as the date marking the beginning of Calcutta’s political decline, with the shifting of the focus of political power to virtually the other side of the country.
	www.kolkatta.com /history/Nationalist_Agitation.htm (325 words)

	Friends Of India.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Since it was impossible for a small handful of foreigners to administer such a vast country, they set out to create a local elite to help them in this task; to this end they set up a system of education that familiarized the local intelligentsia with the intellectual and social values of the West.
		With the failure of the 1857 mutiny, the leadership of the freedom movement passed into the hands of this class and crystallized in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
		At the turn of the century, the freedom movement reached out to the common unlettered man through the launching of the Swadeshi movement by leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Aurobindo Ghose.
	www.friendsofindia.net /freedom.shtml (269 words)

	Sardar Patel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Gandhiji gave a lecture at a place in Ahmedabad where Patel heard him and was very impressed and started actively participating in the freedom movement.
		The British government considered him as a threat and his lectures were considered anti-government and he was imprisoned several times.
		In 1942, he took part in the Quit India Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
	www.sarvadharma.org /Museum/heroes/sardarpatel.htm (599 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion
		The Khilafat-Non-Cooperation movement is singular because it is the only movement led by Gandhi that was centred on a religious issue: the preservation of the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph of all Muslims.
		The irony of this is sharpened by the fact that the greatest critic of the Khilafat movement and the Congress?s part in it was Jinnah, once Dadabhai Naoroji?s private secretary, and, at the time, the outstanding representative of the Moderate tendency in Muslim politics.
		No, the reason the Khilafat movement was aberrant was because the earlier deals had been based on rational political bargaining, whereas agitating for the Sultan was inflammatory posturing in a hopeless cause.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050626/asp/opinion/story_4915438.asp (1485 words)

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