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Topic: Swampy Cree language

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	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Cree Language
		Most Cree dialects have only ten distinct consonants: p, t, k, and c which varies in pronunciation from ts as in cats to (t)ch as in catch; s and h; m and n; and w and y.
		Cree has two distinct forms: the inclusive kîyânaw, "we (but not you)." In the second person Cree has two separate pronouns: kîyâ, "you (singular)," and kîyâwâw, "you (plural)." Some speakers of English similarly contrast you (singular) and youse or you-all (plural).
		Some schools have introduced Cree language programs, but typically only a few hours a week are devoted to Cree; the rest of the time the children hear and speak English at school, and at home they watch English-language television.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/cree-language.html (523 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cree (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		The traditional culture and language of the Woodland Cree greatly resembles that of the Ojibwa.
		A warlike tribe, the Cree were nevertheless friendly toward French and English fur traders, and their history is closely connected with the activities of the Hudson's Bay and the North West companies.
		In the 1990s, Cree living in N Quebec waged strong opposition to the province's planned massive James Bay hydroelectric project, but in 2002 they negotiated an agreement with Quebec that permitted partial hydroelectric development, mining, and logging in exchange for jobs and $3.5 billion in financing (over 50 years).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Cree.html (403 words)

	Cree language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Plains Cree, speakers of the so-called y dialect, refer to their language as Nehi y awewin, whereas Woods Cree speakers say nehi th awewin, and Swampy Cree speakers say nehi n awewin.
		Cree is one of the seven official languages of the (A territory in northwestern Canada) Northwest Territories, but is only spoken by a small number of people there in the area around the town of (A town in western Arkansas on the Arkansas River at the Oklahoma border) Fort Smith.
		Cree is one of the least endangered aboriginal languages in North America, but is nonetheless at risk since it possesses little institutional support in most areas.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Cr/Cree_language.htm (525 words)

	Cree Nation
		Their ancestral Cree language was once the most widely spoken in northern North America, but now not all Crees are fluent in it.
		Originally inhabiting a smaller nucleus of this area, the Cree Nation expanded rapidly in the 17th and 18th centuries after acquiring firearms and beginning their fur trade with the Europeans, but wars with the Dakota and Blackfeet and severe smallpox epidemics, notably in 1784 and 1838, reduced their numbers.
		The Woodland Cree preferred hunting caribou, moose, bear, and beaver but relied chiefly on hare because of the scarcity of the other animals; the periodic scarcity of hare too, however, caused famine, leading to occasional cannibalism (reported in tribal tales as well as by Europeans).
	www.crystalinks.com /cree.html (861 words)

	Elderspeak - Cree
		Cree settlements and reservations are scattered throughout Canada from Quebec to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.
		Swampy Cree - N - Northern Ontario and Saskatchewan and the interior of Manitoba.
		Fourteen letters of the Roman Alphabet are used to represent the sounds of the Cree language, Compared to the twenty-six letters used for the English language.
	www.horizonzero.ca /elderspeak/cree.html (415 words)

	Cree. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The traditional culture and language of the Woodland Cree greatly resembles that of the Ojibwa.
		A warlike tribe, the Cree were nevertheless friendly toward French and English fur traders, and their history is closely connected with the activities of the Hudson’s Bay and the North West companies.
		In the 1990s, Cree living in N Quebec waged strong opposition to the province’s planned massive James Bay hydroelectric project, but in 2002 they negotiated an agreement with Quebec that permitted partial hydroelectric development, mining, and logging in exchange for jobs and $3.5 billion in financing (over 50 years).
	www.bartleby.com /65/cr/Cree.html (351 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cree
		Cree, Native Americans of the Algonquian language family and of the Subarctic and Great Plains culture areas.
		The Cree are sometimes grouped by scholars, east to west, as the Eastern Wood Cree, the Swampy Cree, the Western Wood Cree, and the Plains Cree.
		The Plains Cree, some of whom were allied with the Assiniboine people of Manitoba, hunted deer, caribou, elk, moose, and, on the Northern Plains, buffalo (American bison).
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761564434 (464 words)

	Classified List of BC Native Languages
		The Athabaskan language family as a whole is fairly closely related to Eyak, a language once spoken in the Cook inlet area of southern Alaska.
		The Apachean languages are spoken in the American Southwest, while the Pacific Coast languages are spoken in various places along the Pacific coast from the far north of California to southern Washington.
		The Tsimshianic languages are spoken on the northwest coast and in adjacent areas of the interior.
	www.ydli.org /bcother/bclist.htm (1153 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cree
		Cree, each of which was again subdivided by bands differentiated by slight peculiarities of dialect and
		Cree country were the French Jesuits, who accompanied the commander Verendrye in his explorations of the
		Cree syllabary, which for half a century has been in successful use in the tribe for literary purposes for all denominations.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04477a.htm (918 words)

	Cree syllabary, pronunciation and language
		After encountering difficulties with using the Latin alphabet, he dug out his Ojibwe syllabary and adapted it to the Cree language.
		According to Cree tradition, Evans adapted an existing script which was invented at an earlier date, possibly by a member of the Blackfoot nation.
		Dialects include: Moose Cree, which is spoken in the southern tip of James Bay in Moosonee, Ontario, and Swampy Cree, which is spoken northwestward across Ontario into north-eastern Manitoba.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/cree (569 words)

	ipedia.com: Cree language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador.
		Both the Cree syllabary and a romanized orthography are used for writing.
		Cree is an official language of the Northwest Territories.
	www.ipedia.com /cree_language.html (328 words)

	Cree Language and the Cree Indian Tribe (Iyiniwok, Eenou, Eeyou, Iynu, Kenistenoag)
		All five Cree dialects (though not Atikamekw or the Innu languages) are written in a unique syllabary which uses shapes to represent consonants and rotates them in the Four Directions to represent vowels.
		Though many Cree regard the Metis as Cree brethren--and, indeed, though many registered Cree Indians are also mixed-blood--the Metis have a unique culture and their own creole tongue (known as Michif).
		Since Canadian nationhood, the Cree people have faced the same problems of self-determination and land control that every aboriginal group has, but they remain better-equipped to face them than most, and the Cree language is one of the few North American languages sure of surviving into the next century.
	www.native-languages.org /cree.htm (895 words)

	Cree
		The major divisions of environment and dialect are the Plains Cree (Alberta and Saskatchewan), Woods Cree (Saskatchewan and Manitoba) and Swampy Cree (Manitoba, Ontario and Québec).
		Following contact with the HUDSON'S BAY CO, some Swampy Cree moved westward to trap in the new territories although many believe that they moved into areas already populated by ancestors of the historic Woods and Plains Cree.
		The Cree lived in small BANDS or hunting groups for most of the year, and gathered into larger groups in the summer for socializing, exchanges and ceremonies.
	www.rootsweb.com /~abcamros/newpage1.htm (709 words)

	[No title]
		Cree is the most widely spoken Native language in Canada.
		It is not so much a language, as a chain of dialects, where speakers from one community can very easily understand their neighbours, but a Plains Cree speaker from Alberta would find a Québec Cree speaker difficult to speak to without practice.
		Is the language spoken in Waswanipi: Cree or Innu (Montagnais)?
	www.languagegeek.com /algon/cree/nehiyawewin.html (802 words)

	Native Americans: Cree History and Culture
		As a complement to our Cree language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Cree people and various aspects of their society.
		Cree history is interesting and important, but the Cree are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary art as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
		A variety of articles and historic photographs on the Sekani, Beaver, and Cree Indians of the Rocky Mountain trench.
	www.native-languages.org /cree_culture.htm (697 words)

	Cree — Infoplease.com
		The traditional culture and language of the Woodland Cree greatly resembles that of the
		The Flowery Banks Of Cree - Poems and Songs of Robert Burnsby Robert Burns Young Jamie, Pride Of A' The Plain Monody The...
		Crees and Quebec ink partnership for prosperity in new agreement.(Grand Chief Ted Moses address)(Transcript)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0813976.html (491 words)

	Cree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The wars with the Blackfoot and the Sioux were leading causes, as was small pox, to the dwindling numbers of the Cree population.
		On account of the wide extent of the former Cree, the early estimates of the Cree populations vary widely greatly.
		By the end of the 19th and into the 20th century, the Cree had one of the highest literacy rates in the world.
	www.clearwaterlake.ca /cree.html (432 words)

	E T H N O P O E T I C S :: from The Wishing Bone Cycle
		Trickster stories go far back in Cree culture (as elsewhere), but the figure here is the invention, specifically, of Jacob Nibenegenesabe, "who lived for some ninety-four years northeast of Lake Winnipeg, Canada." Nibenegenesabe was also a teller (= achimoo) of older trickster narratives, the continuity between old and new never being in question.
		Writes Norman, further: "The Swampy Cree have a conceptual term which I’ve heard used to describe the thinking of a porcupine as he backs into a rock crevice: usá puyew usu wapiw (‘he goes back ward, looks forward’).
		To the Cree, it’s an instructive act of self-preservation.
	www.ubu.com /ethno/poems/wishing.html (480 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CSW
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		All Cree mother tongue speakers in Canada 60,000 (1991 M. Dale Kinkade).
		Ontario, along the coast of Hudson Bay and northern west coast of James Bay, and inland.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=CSW (99 words)

	Omushkegowak Oral History Project - Swampy Cree Stories
		And we come to talk about a period perhaps 48 years ago, where I saw an elder who was still believed to have practiced the shamanism which we call midewiwin in our language.
		He believes that he was able to use it to assist him in his hunting.
		And also the history that can be told in such a way in our language - after contact and up until now, in the modern day.
	www.uwinnipeg.ca /academic/ic/rupert/bird/story.html (2153 words)

	cree language - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word cree language:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "cree language" is defined.
		Phrases that include cree language: eastern cree language, oji cree language, plains cree language, swampy cree language
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=cree+language (88 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:csw
		All Cree first-language speakers in Canada 60,000 (1991 M. Dale Kinkade).
		Both nonpalatalized n-dialect and l-dialect within Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi language complex or dialect cluster.
		Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=csw (98 words)

	American Indian Tribal List: Native American Tribes and Languages
		We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting American Indian tribal languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology.
		Vocabulary lists from the languages of various American Indian tribes.
		Our site is designed to present information about American Indian tribes and their languages contextually--language by language and tribe by tribe.
	www.native-languages.org /languages.htm (783 words)

	ISO 639-3 macrolanguage mappings
		Other parts of ISO 639 have included identifiers designated as individual language identifiers that correspond in a one-to-many manner with individual language identifiers in this part of ISO 639.
		The latter are designated as macrolanguages in ISO 639-3.
		This table provides the complete set of mappings from macrolanguages to the individual languages that comprise them.
	www.sil.org /iso639-3/macrolanguages.asp (64 words)

	Etienne Pepin & Isabelle Kwantlen of Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada
		The English language has not, does not, and will never, contain a single word that adequately describes how I felt in that one moment.
		The closest I could find to either Mascoyennes or Maskagonné, was Maskegon, a First Nations band out of eastern Canada, who were were also known as the Woodland or Swampy Cree.
		The Musqueam, along with the Kwantlen and Katzie all belonged to the same dialect group of the Halkomelem language, which is the Central branch of the Salishan language family; they were also neighbours.
	www.fortlangley.ca /pepin/EtienneIsabelle.html (4603 words)

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