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Topic: Swarm intelligence

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Particle swarm optimization

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	Science Fair Projects - Swarm intelligence
		Swarm intelligence (SI) is an artificial intelligence technique based around the study of collective behaviour in decentralised, self-organised, systems.
		The expression "swarm intelligence" was introduced by Beni and Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems (see also cellular automata).
		Swarm robotics is the application of swarm intelligence principles to large numbers of cheap robots.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Swarm_Intelligence (609 words)

	Swarm intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swarm intelligence (SI) is an artificial intelligence technique based around the study of collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems.
		The expression "swarm intelligence" was introduced by Beni and Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems.
		Anthony Lewis and George A. Bekey discusses the possibility of using swarm intelligence to control nanobots within the body for the purpose of killing cancer tumors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swarm_intelligence (899 words)

	Swarm-semiotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A swarm has been defined as a set of (mobile) agents which are liable to communicate directly or indirectly (by acting on their local environment) with each other, and which collectively carry out a distributed problem solving.
		At all levels these swarms are engaged in distributed problem solving based on an infinitely complicated web of semetic interaction patterns which in the end can only be explained through reference to the actual history of the body system, evolution.
		The swarm of cells constituting a human body should be seen as a swarm of swarms, i.e., a huge swarm of overlapping swarms of very different kinds.
	www.molbio.ku.dk /MolBioPages/abk/PersonalPages/Jesper/Swarm.html (1871 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Swarm intelligence
		Swarm intelligence (SI) is an artificial intelligence technique based around the study of collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems.
		Particle swarm optimization or PSO is a global optimization algorithm for dealing with problems in which a best solution can be represented as a point or surface in an n-dimensional space.
		The Swarm, a novel by Frank Schaetzig about an ocean organism that has developed swarm intelligence and begins to eradicate humanity the same way humans are eradicating the oceans.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Swarm_intelligence (1274 words)

	Genetic Algorithms and Swarm Intelligence
		Although it is common to group genetic algorithms and swarm intelligence together because of their ties to evolutionary, bottom-up hierarchical methods of optimization, they are, in actuality, well-suited for different, optimization problems: genetic algorithms excel in game theory due to their competitive nature while swarm intelligence shines in combinatorial optimization due to its cooperative nature.
		Essentially, the credibility of swarm systems lies in the fact that nature has evolved the collective behavior of insects with her own genetic algorithms for millions of years, thus making it “fit” enough to produce efficient, problem-solving strategies of interest to humans.
		Swarm modeling, however, attempts to emulate the cooperative dynamic that colonies of insects, flocks of birds, or schools of fish exude.
	www.stanford.edu /class/sts129/essays/Khalil2.htm (2532 words)

	Article-Swarm Intelligence -The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Artificial Intelligence-
		Swarm intelligence is burdened with an awful lot of material that is not core to PSO.
		Swarm intelligence is a relatively new paradigm in the field of optimization, but its justification should come from the results it gives in practical optimization problems, not in the broad philosophical language that predominates the first part of the book.
		Particle swarm optimization is dependent on the existence of social structure, the latter of which is determined by the formation of neighborhoods.
	www.minihttpserver.net /z_book/A_swarm_intelligence_t-1558605959.htm (2301 words)

	TheTransitioner.org : Swarm intelligence
		Swarm intelligence is blind because of its lack of holopticism.
		The swarm intelligence works at the condition its agents are uniform and disindividualized.
		For this reason, it seems that swarm organization is only a transitory stage, the time for the construction of a new level of complexity that transcends and includes the previous levels.
	www.thetransitioner.org /wen/tiki-pagehistory.php?page=Swarm%20intelligence&source=0 (684 words)

	Swarm Intelligence
		The use of swarm intelligence, specifically ant systems, has been quite successful in finding the salesman's optimal path.
		Information sharing is essential to swarm intelligence and useful in helping the salesman to find the best path.
		Swarm intelligence has been shown to successfully solve the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem for up to 10 jobs and 15 machines (Bonabeau).
	www.bluetronix.net /traveling_salesman.htm (415 words)

	Particle swarm optimization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a form of swarm intelligence.
		Imagine a swarm of insects or a school of fish.
		Members of a swarm communicate good positions to each other and adjust their own position and velocity based on these good positions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Particle_swarm_optimization (312 words)

	Swarm Intelligence
		Swarm Intelligence is a design framework based on social insect behavior.
		Additional properties swarm intelligent systems possess include: robustness against individual misbehavior or loss, the flexibility to change quickly in a dynamic environment, and an inherent parallelism or distributed action.
		Swarm intelligence is a novel approach which can account for a larger set of critical metrics, as well as to adapt to highly variable factors such as network size or node speed.
	www.bluetronix.net /Swarm_Intelligence.htm (544 words)

	Swarm Intelligence Business Behavior - An Interview With Eric Bonabeau, Ph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Swarm Intelligence is derived from the study of the behavior of authors cite business advantages to using Swarm Intelligence (specifically robustness.
		Swarm Intelligence, Russell Eberhart, James Kennedy, Yuhui Shi, et al, Morgan Kaufmann CDs -Biography -Business, Finance and Law -Children's In contrast, Swarm Intelligence argues that human intelligence derives from adaptation as the key behavior of intelligent systems.
		Swarm intelligence also behavior supports the business strategy was implicit in a comment in the company's annual report soon after it adopted the precepts of swarm intelligence.
	www.guardianebusiness.com /articles/swarm-intelligence-business-behavior.html (564 words)

	[eu-gene] Swarm Intelligence and Patterns: Call for Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		SWARM INTELLIGENCE is precisely a relatively novel discipline devoted to the study of self-organizing collective processes in Nature and Human artefacts as well as on their applications.
		An example of particularly successful research direction in swarm intelligence is ant colony optimization (ACO), which focuses on discrete optimization problems, and has been applied successfully to a large number of hard discrete optimization problems including the travelling salesman, the quadratic assignment, scheduling, vehicle routing, etc., as well as to routing in telecommunication networks.
		Wkshp on ACO and Swarm Intelligence, Brussels, Belgium, Sep 5-8 2004 [http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~ants/ants2004/].
	www.generative.net /pipermail/eu-gene/2004-February/000802.html (580 words)

	The use of Swarm Intelligence to generate architectural form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The reason for choosing swarms as a study case is the fascination of the simplicity of its mechanics and its complexity as a phenomenon.
		Swarm-based intelligence relies on the anti-classical-AI idea that a group of agents may be able to perform tasks without explicit representations of the environment and of the other agents and that planning may be replaced by reactivity.
		The swarm is able to discriminate the edges of a long wide curvy grove, that is, the geometric form of the river, from any other information such as buildings or building groups or infrastructures.
	www.generativeart.com /2000/CARRANZA_COATES.HTM (5448 words)

	Swarm intelligence
		As the name implies, swarm intelligence is a scientific theory based on the actions of ants, bees and other insects.
		Biologists long ago noticed the amazing feats social insects are capable of, but swarm intelligence is a relatively novel concept among computer scientists and researchers.
		Swarm intelligence may be the key to managing the world's increasingly complex network of computers.
	www.cs.fit.edu /~rmenezes/SwarmLinda/7953729.html (1032 words)

	Ants 2004: Fourth International Workshop on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
		Swarm intelligence is a relatively novel discipline interested in the study of self-organizing processes in Nature and human artifacts.
		Another example of interesting research direction is swarm robotics, where the focus is on applying swarm intelligence techniques to the control of large groups of cooperating autonomous robots.
		The ANTS 2004 workshop will give researchers in both real and artificial swarm intelligence the opportunity to meet, to present their latest research, and to discuss current developments and applications.
	iridia.ulb.ac.be /~ants/ants2004 (265 words)

	Swarm Intelligence
		The economy is an example of swarm intelligence that most researchers either forget or neglect to consider.
		Swarm intelligence, as with most technologies, is still in its infancy, and so a project such as simulating the economy is still far beyond the its capability.
		Swarm intelligence’s ability to solve these problems leads to various practical real world applications such as, traffic routing, networking, games, industry, robotics, and perhaps even simulating the global economy.
	www.cs.earlham.edu /~uptongl/project/Swarm_Intelligence.html (2498 words)

	Swarm intelligence - Definition, explanation
		The expression "swarm intelligence" was introduced by Beni & Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems (see also cellular automata).
		Two of the most successful swarm intelligence techniques currently in existence are Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
		A 1992 paper by M. Anthony Lewis and and George A Bekey discusses the possibility of using swarm intelligence to control nanobots within the body for the purpose of killing cancer tumors.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/sw/swarm_intelligence.php (651 words)

	Ants 2006: Fifth International Workshop on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
		Swarm intelligence is a relatively new discipline that deals with the study of self-organizing processes both in nature and in artificial systems.
		An example of a particularly successful research direction in swarm intelligence is ant colony optimization, the main focus of which is on discrete optimization problems.
		Here, the focus is on applying swarm intelligence techniques to the control of large groups of cooperating autonomous robots.
	iridia.ulb.ac.be /ants2006 (289 words)

	Application Development Trends - Swarm Intelligence
		The agents of a swarm must be capable of sensing their environment and perceiving changes in it.
		Swarm intelligence is one approach to agents that seems to hold promise in several areas.
		While swarm intelligence is still a new field of exploration, I believe we will hear more of this concept in the future.
	www.adtmag.com /print.aspx?id=4801 (1435 words)

	Swarm Intelligence and Discrete Mathematics - Call for Papers \| Science Blog
		The rapidly emerging field of swarm intelligence has attracted substantial attention from science and engineering researchers over the last few years.
		Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization, the most common swarm intelligence paradigms, have already been applied to problems of this sort.
		The aim of this special session is to bring together researchers interested in applications of swarm intelligence in discrete mathematical problems, as well as the improvement of swarm intelligence algorithms through discrete mathematical tools.
	www.scienceblog.com /cms/swarm_intelligence_and_discrete_mathematics_-_call_for_papers_9352 (363 words)

	Icosystem - Swarm Intelligence
		Swarm Intelligence studies the collective behaviors of agents interacting in their environment, causing "intelligent" patterns to emerge.
		Swarm intelligence explores collective (or distributed) problem solving without centralized control.
		Consequently, the swarm of ants finds that it is attracted to the shortest, most efficient route.
	www.icosystem.com /tech_swarm.htm (152 words)

	Print the story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Swarm technology is proving useful in a wide range of applications including robotics and nanotechnology, molecular biology and medicine, traffic and crowd control, military tactics, and even interactive art.
		A swarm of termites, for example, exhibits a collective intelligence that far exceeds the intelligence of any individual insect, which by itself has limited capabilities for processing and communicating information.
		The collective intelligence of the swarm emerges in a decentralized way from the actions of individual insects responding to local stimuli from the environment and, most importantly, from other members of the swarm.
	www.physorg.com /printnews.php?newsid=11060 (480 words)

	Bambooweb: Swarm Intelligence
		Swarm intelligence (SI) is an artificial intelligence technique involving the study of collective behaviour in decentralized systems.
		Such systems are made up by a population of simple agents interacting locally with one other and with their environment.
		Swarm intelligence is also referred to as Particle swarm optimization (PSO).
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/s/w/Swarm_Intelligence.html (186 words)

	Uni Weimar - Virtual Reality: Swarm Intelligence
		The basic principle of the swarm intelligence algorithms is to divide complex calculations between multiple, simple executive agents.
		The swarm is capable to solve complex problems, while at the same time each individual ant has no overall view of the situation.
		With our swarm simulation implementations, various SI algorithms can be used to cluster data sets and display the virtual swarm environment with a two or three dimensional visualization.
	www.uni-weimar.de /cms/Swarm_Intelligence.4394.0.html (708 words)

	swarm intelligence@Everything2.com
		Swarm intelligence is a property of a system of locally-interacting, unsophisticated agents which results in a global pattern emerging.
		Swarm intelligence is an emergent behaviour of such systems, that can result in collective and distributed methods of problem solving, using simple agents with no centralised control and no explicit model of their environment.
		Ants are simple organisms, and on their own, they are capable of very little in the way of intelligent behaviour but in groups, they are capable of performing complex tasks that require some degree of intelligence.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1252404 (766 words)

	myArmoury.com: Swarm Intelligence (Santa Fe Institute Studies on the Sciences ...
		The emergent collective intelligence of social insects, swarm intelligence, lies not in complex individual capabilities but rather in networks of interactions among individuals and between individuals and their environment.
		Compared to "Swarm intelligence" by James Kennedy, this one is not introductive but gets quite deep into the working of applying the "swarm" paradigm to optimization problems.
		The Swarm Intelligence principles are first described and understood through models in natural systems and then translated in optimization algorithms, distributed algorithms for robotic control, and so on.
	www.myarmoury.com /books/item.php?ASIN=0195131584 (595 words)

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