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Topic: Swarming (honeybee)

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Pheromone (honey bee)

Honeybee life cycle

Honeybee

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	Ch03
		A honeybee colony will rear a new queen or queens under two circumstances: in the colony reproduction process known as swarming or in an attempt to replace an old queen with a younger one (supersedure) or to create a new queen in an emergency, when the old one is accidentally lost.
		Swarm queen cells are built along the lower edge of the comb, often in large numbers: as many as 20 cells of various ages may be seen in a colony.
		Honeybees, like all other insects, are unable to control their body temperature internally according to changes in the ambient temperature; for this reason they are referred to as "cold-blooded animals".
	www.fao.org /docrep/x0083e/X0083E03.htm (4264 words)

	Honeybee Presentation
		Honeybees are insects and store no calories as internal fats for later energy, as we do, but the workers do exude a fat under their abdomen from special wax glands.
		Honeybees are often confused with other insects with points on the end such as yellow jackets, hornets, wasps and other bees such as Bumble, Carpenter, and the many other solitary bees native to our land.
		Honeybees produce more colonies in spring or early summer by a process called swarming where the old queen leaves the old colony with several thousand workers to start a new colony at a new location.
	www.tianca.com /tianca23.html (2805 words)

	Midnite Bee-Beekeeper's: Tips
		Honeybee colonies are unable to reproduce via individual queens such as wasp and bumblebee colonies.
		Swarming is usually more intense in years in which the bees are confined due to rain during the rapid buildup period.
		The age of the queen also influences swarming due to the reduced secretion of "queen substances." Queen substances are the chemicals secreted from the mandibular gland and abdomen which are circulated throughout the hive by way of food exchange among the workers.
	www.mainebee.com /tips/swarm_control.php (871 words)

	Honeybee Swarming - Beekeeping Supplies Protective Clothing Beekeeping Equipment
		A "swarm" is a large percentage of the honeybees in a colony (half or more) that have left their hive with the old queen and departed to form a new colony.
		Hives tend to swarm less in the first year than in subsequent years, since the hive is less populated and the queen is younger (if the colony originated from a package or a swarm was requeened).
		Swarms of bees are much more docile and less prone to sting when they are collected in a swarm.
	www.beecare.com /Bees/Swarms.htm (513 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Swarming is the natural means of reproduction of honeybee colonies (considering the colony as the organism rather than individual bees which cannot survive alone).
		Swarming is mainly a spring phenomenon, usually within a two or three week period, the usual period depending on the locale.
		Without beekeeper "swarm management" in the second year, the hive will cast a "prime swarm" and one to five "after swarms." The old queen will go with the prime swarm, and other swarms will be accompanied by virgin queens.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=swarming_(honeybee) (1191 words)

	Urban IPM: Insects: Bees, Hornets, and Wasps: Honey Bees and Africanized Bees
		Honeybees are the only stinging insects in North America that have the stinger barbed so that it cannot be withdrawn.
		The Africanized bee is a hybrid of the African and European honeybee.It is almost identical in appearance to the European subspecies of honeybee and identification requires microscopic measurements or DNA analysis in a laboratory.
		However the Africanized honeybees are capable of killing humans and even larger animals because they respond in larger numbers and pursue their victims for longer distances.
	cals.arizona.edu /urbanipm/insects/bees/honeybees.html (2560 words)

	Guide for Novice Beekeepers
		The honeybee, as she is more commonly known, has a heritage that may go back twenty million years fulfilling a major role in the pollination of plants.
		Swarming had been the means by which the beekeeper resupplied the hives that had been killed off in the old days.
		No hive of honeybees will be maintained unless such hive is inspected not less than four times between March 1 and October 31 of each year by the owner of the lot on which said hive is located or his delegate.
	www.tianca.com /tianca29.html (4426 words)

	Swarming of Honeybees - BC Ministry of Agriculture and Lands
		Swarming is a natural method of honeybee colonies to reproduce, resulting in the creation of a new honeybee colony in addition to the established colony.
		Allow the swarm to cluster for at least 30 minutes before placing the swarm in a super with ten combs, bottom board and hive cover.
		In case where the origin of the swarm is unknown and disease may be present, the newly established colony should be placed in a separate apiary first and examined regularly for disease.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /apiculture/factsheets/404_swarming.htm (936 words)

	University of Nebraska Entomology: Apiculture - Honey Bee Swarms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Swarming is an instinctive part of the annual life cycle of a honey bee colony.
		Swarming can be controlled by a skilled beekeeper; however, not all colonies live in hives and have a human caretaker.
		The tendency to swarm is usually greatest when bees increase their population rapidly in late spring and early summer.
	entomology.unl.edu /beekpg/beeswarm.htm (850 words)

	[No title]
		The honeybee belongs to the order of insects known as Hymenoptera, to which belong also many parasites of other insects, the solitary and social wasps, ants and the entire group of bees, from the solitary species through various stages in the development of the bee colony to the honeybee.
		The stimulus to the act of swarming is not understood, but it has been observed in hives with glass sides that bees in various parts of the hive show signs of excitement, which gradually spreads throughout the hive.
		It is especially to be noted that swarming bees rarely sting, and it is commonly stated that they cannot sting because their abdomens are distended with the load of honey in the honey stomach.
	www.canis.uiuc.edu /~schatz/databases/beebooks/phillips.txt (17071 words)

	Honeybee -- Pictures, Animal Facts, Habitats, Video, Sound, Wallpaper -- National Geographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Honeybee hives have long provided humans with honey and beeswax.
		Several hundred drones live in each hive during the spring and summer, but they are expelled for the winter months when the hive goes into a lean survival mode.
		Larvae are fed from the stores during this season and, by spring, the hive is swarming with a new generation of bees.
	www3.nationalgeographic.com /animals/bugs/honeybee.html (350 words)

	Minnesota Hobby Beekeepers Association
		Honeybees in a swarm situation are generally NOT aggressive, but please don't challenge their personal space - stay at least 20 or 30 feet away.
		Swarming is part of the natural reproductive life cycle of honey bees.
		It is easier to have a swarm cluster removed from your property before it moves to a permanent location, such as a wall cavity, where it will be more difficult and expensive to remove.
	www.mnbeekeepers.com /swarm.html (1044 words)

	Honeybee Biology
		This age progression is not rigid and many factors such as genotype, colony social structure, foraging environment, time of year, and pheromones affect developmental rates and trajectories.
		As colonies grow to swarming size, factors that inhibit queen rearing are released and new queens are reared in the presence of the old queen.
		Adult population size at swarming is highly variable and not the singular determinant for swarming.
	honeybee.tamu.edu /about/biology.html (342 words)

	Brood (honeybee) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Recently hatched honeybee larvae are feeding on royal jelly for three days.
		In Langstroth hives each frame which is mainly brood (usually with some pollen and nectar or honey in the upper corners) is called a brood frame.
		In wild honeybee hives the bees tend to put the brood at bottom center, and honey to the sides and above the brood, so beekeepers are trying to follow the natural tendency of the bees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brood_(honeybee) (523 words)

	Honeybee decision making (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A honeybee swarm bivouacs on a tree branch, waiting for scout bees to select candidate sites for a new home, deliberate among the choices and then reach a verdict -- a process "complicated enough to rival the dealings of any department committee," says Cornell biologist Thomas Seeley.
		When 10,000 honeybees fly the coop to hunt for a new home, usually a tree cavity, they have a unique method of deciding which site is right: With great efficiency they narrow down the options and minimize bad decisions.
		As soon as 15 or more bees are at any one site, the researchers found, the scouts signal to the waiting bees in the swarm that it's time to warm up their flight muscles in preparation for takeoff.
	www.news.cornell.edu /stories/April06/swarm.quorum.ssl.html (812 words)

	BeeSource.com \| ViewPoint \| Lusby \| New Bee? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Take a colony from the most remote part of an infrequented woods, bring it to your apiary, house it as other colonies are housed or let it remain in a section of its original tree home and you will find it to be no more wild than the colonies long in your possession.
		If it were possible to keep a single colony from swarming for a period of 99 years, they would more than likely swarm on the hundredth year if conditions were met that made it desirable from nature's standpoint.
		For there is some reason to believe that in the plan of nature the honeybee was not only created to conform to the necessity of its mission as a pollenizing agent, but that the plants and their bloom may have been fashioned to conform to the convenience of the bee.
	www.beesource.com /POV/lusby/abjapr1936.htm (492 words)

	Honeybee swarm catchers in Nashville
		Swarming is how honey bees reproduce at the colony level.
		The swarm will cluster out in the open, often on a tree limb, while scout bees seek a suitable home.
		When bees are swarming they are the least aggressive and not very likely to sting.
	www.hivetool.com /naba/swarmlist.htm (200 words)

	Apis-UK July 2003
		Swarming can be described as colony reproduction and in a simple example, where there was one colony, after swarming, there are two.
		Whereas a ‘swarm hormone’ that stimulates a ‘swarm pheromone’; that in turn initiates colony division and triggers swarming relies on positive factors that are inherent in ‘active, physiologically charged nurse bees’.
		The production of after swarms is a most complex issue and may reflect the indication that workers respond to high colony strength indicated by congestion by confining queens in their cells.
	www.beedata.com /apis-uk/newsletters/apis-uk0703.htm (5822 words)

	Swarming (honeybee) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A swarm of bees in May is worth a load of hay;
		A swarm of bees in June is worth a silver spoon;
		A swarm of bees in July isn't worth a fly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swarming_(honeybee) (1235 words)

	Help Using The Hive and the Honeybee Collection
		Second followed by swarm would help you locate only those works that are perhaps more directly concerned with "second swarm ".
		You can also browse through a bibliography of all titles in The Hive and the Honeybee which are organized alphabetically both by the author's last name and by title.
		The Hive and the Honeybee materials have been encoded in a simple SGML form (a 40 element DTD conforming to the TEI Guidelines).
	bees.library.cornell.edu /b/bees/help.html (1759 words)

	Swarming in Trigona carbonaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are a number types of swarming behaviour, which can be easily identified.
		The swarms are very small (200 individuals) and is mostly drones (males).
		However, these swarms may be very distressing to the owner.
	www.uq.net.au /~zzrzabel/swarming.html (599 words)

	BEES: Africanized Honeybee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The real danger is when honeybees gather in a swarming formation, as they sometimes do in order to protect their hive from a suspected threat.
		The venom is exactly the same as the common European honeybee.
		The danger in the Africanized honeybee is the fact it is more aggressive.
	www.pulseplanet.com /archive/Jun98/1635.html (325 words)

	Killer Bees
		They resemble the native European honeybee so much so that the average observer will find it impossible to distinguish between the two.
		Killer bees move to a new location by swarming - the original queen leaves the hive with half the population in search of a new nesting placing.
		Other possible factors include frequent swarming to set up new colonies, living on sparse supply of nectar and pollen and easily moving the whole colony if the nesting area becomes uninhabitable.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/science_surfing/111791 (385 words)

	Honey Run Apiaries \| Beekeeping News \| Spring is swarming season according to local beekeeper
		According to William Hummer, owner and operator of Hummer and Son Honey Company, swarming is a natural instinct for the honeybee and usually occurs in the spring and will continue off and on throughout the fall.
		One of nature’s most interesting phenomenon is the honey bee swarm, which may contain 1,500 to 30,000 bees including workers, drones, and a queen.
		Hummer said that swarming is an instinctive part of the annual life cycle of a honeybee colony and provides a mechanism for it to reproduce itself.
	www.honeyrunapiaries.com /index.php?id=0,315,0,0,1,0 (208 words)

	Arnold Honeybee Services \| Bee Removal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Aside from the inconvenience (and discomfort) of sharing your home with a swarming insect, honeybees can cause serious damage to your house, inside and out.
		Poisoning a colony is never effective - it only results in a worse situation and a bigger mess as the dead bees decompose, attracting other pests; and as the honey and wax melt, interior walls can become stained and damaged.
		Arnold Honeybee Services has 20 years experience in extracting honeybee colonies from homes, apartments, and office buildings.
	www.arnoldhoneybeeservices.com /html/removal.html (246 words)

	honey bee control, Honey Bee Control, HONEY BEE CONTROL, honey bee control, Honey Bee Control, HONEY BEE CONTROL, ...
		A resting swarm will either move on or start a nest so if you see one, watch it carefully to see what it does.
		If the swarm is high up on the side of a building or some- where else making it 10-20 feet away, you could spray it hoping the Bee Freeze will reach.
		And since the swarms are so much more manageable in the swarm box, they can be easily removed and relocated by a professional bee keeper or other specialist if you don't want to handle them.
	www.bugspray.com /article/honeybees.html (4322 words)

	Propolis: April 2004
		In a campaign to highlight the plight of the honeybee in North America, Ann Harman put some of the blame of the decline in honeybee numbers on beekeepers:
		The stinger is left in the attacker and the defending bee dies.
		These researchers implicitly understand that the Queen does not lead a swarm of bees — instead the decision-making is spread throughout the colony.
	turlough.blogspot.com /2004_04_01_turlough_archive.html (5075 words)

	NBC: ‘Swarming season’ for killer bees - U.S. News - MSNBC.com
		Residents stumble upon a nest of killer bees in their backyard, an abandoned tool shed or in the bottom of an old seat cushion.
		There have been a couple of bad movies made about Africanized honeybees that swarm over their victims relentlessly stinging any exposed skin.
		Killer bees can now be found in more than three quarters of the counties in Texas and parts of New Mexico, Arizona, California and as far north as Las Vegas, where in 2000 they stung a woman more than 500 times, leaving her in critical condition.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/4906830 (800 words)

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