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Topic: Swatantra

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	Swatantra Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swatantra Party (swatantra in means independence in many Indian languages) was a political party in India founded by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1959.
		The party opposed the Nehruvian socialist of the Congress Party outlook by advocating free enterprise, opposing the so-called licence-permit Raj, and ending India's economic autarky by courting Western investment.
		In the 1970s, Swatantra merged into Janata Party, an omnibus of left-wing, right-wing, and Hindu nationalist opponents of Congress Party rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swatantra_party (120 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Swatantra is in a difficult historical position as concerns its professed aim of being a progressive, liberal party, and much of one’s assessment of the party will depend on how one reads history, Indian and other.
		Swatantra doctrine may be eminently respectable, in the sense that it is neither abjectly reactionary nor aggressively nationalistic, but this does not guarantee wide appeal.
		Swatantra’s position in Indian politics demands that some tentative answers be suggested, but the preceding analysis shows why it is difficult to characterize the party simply, and why critical estimates may differ so widely.
	www.sabhlokcity.com /party/swatantra-erdman.doc (5887 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Rajmohan Gandhi on C Rajagopalachari and the birth of the Swatantra Party
		However, in Rajasthan, Madras and the Punjab, Swatantra reached constituency-level agreements with, respectively, the Jan Sangh, the DMK and the Akali Dal.
		Swatantra's share of the Lok Sabha vote was 8 per cent, that of the Jan Sangh 7 per cent, of the Communists roughly ten per cent.
		Swatantra secured a total of 207 seats in the different state assemblies, as against 153 for the Communists, 149 for the Socialists, and 115 for the Jan Sangh.
	www.rediff.com /news/oct/31raj2.htm (1257 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Minoo Masani dead
		Minoo Masani, the veteran freedom fighter, parliamentarian and founder member of the Swatantra Party, died of old age at his home at Breach Candy House, in south Bombay on Wednesday afternoon.
		Later, he joined the socialist movement, which he left in the post-Independence era to join the Swatantra Party founded by C Rajgopalachari in 1959.
		Masani, who was initially known as the champion of a mixed economy, became an ardent advocate of a liberal economy after he joined the conservative Swatantra Party.
	www.rediff.com /news/1998/may/27misani.htm (526 words)

	The Middle Stage
		The book's title was Congress Misrule and the Swatantra Alternative, and it was written in 1966 by the feisty Member of Parliament from the Swatantra Party, Minoo Masani (1904-1998).
		Formed in 1959, and now all but defunct, the Swatantra Party was the closest that any Indian political party has come post-Independence to espousing the virtues of classical liberalism.
		Congress Misrule and the Swatantra Alternative, a collection of Masani's essays and his speeches to the Lok Sabha in the early sixties, was put together as a manifesto, a call for change, before the general elections of 1967, in which the Swatantra Party emerged as the single largest party in the opposition.
	middlestage.blogspot.com /2005/09/minoo-masanis-swatantra-thoughts.html (1251 words)

	Untitled Document
		His election to the Lok Sabha as an Independent from Ranchi in Bihar in 1957 signalled the beginning of his efforts to implement his thesis of a mixed economy and to combat the statist policies which went under the name of the Socialist Pattern of Society.
		As the party’s ideologue he was clear that the Swatantra Party should eschew non-parliamentary forms of protest like satyagrahas, morchas, bandhs and walkouts in the legislatures.
		The Swatantra Party in Parliament was alone in opposing the move.
	www.liberalsindia.com /indianliberals/profiles/minoomassani.php (1656 words)

	Freedom First
		It is in his last phase as a leader of the Swatantra Party that this writer came to know and understand him well.
		Rajaji, with whom Masani had earlier crossed swords as a socialist, was his natural ally when the two decided that it was time to give the country a real alternative to the Stalinist system that was leading the country to economic bankruptcy on the one hand and an all pervasive corruption on the other.
		Yet another achievement of the Swatantra Party was that the word Socialism which had become a mantra and which nobody dared criticise publicly lost its respectability - long before the Congress party effectively jettisoned the word (even though it continues to disfigure the Preamble to the Constitution of India).
	www.liberalsindia.com /freedomfirst/ff463-01.html (1651 words)

	The Indian Economy Blog » Blog Archive » Minoo Masani And The Swatantra Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		There was still a space to debate ideas — or the Swatantra Party would not, for a brief while, have been India’s second-largest party in parliament.
		But the fact of the matter is that ‘Swatantra’ was a right-wing conservative outfit rather than a libertarian one.
		Btw, Swatantra was heavily influenced by the Gandhian ideal of ‘Ram-Rajya’.
	indianeconomy.org /2005/09/29/minoo-masani-and-the-swatantra-party (1925 words)

	Swatantra Systems - A Division of Swatantra Group of Companies, Hyderabad - India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		CONTACT US "Swatantra's flexible approach and partering spirit in providing Offshore services in application support and development, is adding value in service delivery and reducing our operational costs."
		Swatantra to provide Global application development services to HiQ Software Solutions, Inc, CA.
		Swatantra emphasize its focus on asia pacific operations by engaging its consulting services to InfoCiti Pte.
	www.swatantra.com (343 words)

	\|\| Businessworld - STAY AHEAD EVERY WEEK \|\|
		In the 1930s, the liberals were swept away by the fervour of Gandhiji's movement.
		And the Swatantra Party, led by Rajaji, was time and again attacked as a tool of rich capitalists and princes.
		The Swatantra Party was led by Rajaji, who was Gandhiji's political heir as much as Nehru and Patel were.
	www.businessworldindia.com /apr0504/economics.asp (695 words)

	Sri Parakala Matham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Sri Brahmatantra Swatantra upon the direction of Swamy Desikan, participated in the debate and overthrew all his opponents' arguments into thin air with his powerful intellect and divine anugraham of Swamy Desikan.
		Swamy Brahmatantra Swatantra Jeer crowned him as "Sri Dvitiya Brahmatantra Swatantra Parakala Maha Desikan" and made him his successor in order to show the path of Moksham for the coming generations.
		Sri Brahmatantra Swatantra Maha Desikan attained the thiruvadi of his acharya in the year 1386, at the age of 100.
	www.parakalamatham.org /jeers/jeer1.shtml (2306 words)

	Profiles in Courage: Dissent on Indian Socialism - Introduction
		Khasa Subba Rau ran Swarajya and Swatantra when most of the press was reluctant to take on the ruling party.
		No politician of stature was willing to oppose Nehru’s march towards socialism; Rajaji at the age of 81 took up the challenge and formed the Swatantra Party in 1959.
		N G Ranga led anti-zamindari struggles and established training schools for activists, but when Nehru proposed a ceiling on land holdings, prohibition on storage of grains, and collectivisation of agriculture as a solution, he became the founding president of the Swatantra Party.
	www.ccsindia.org /profiles_intro.htm (949 words)

	Chanting her own mantra! - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Based in Bangalore, Swatantra is fluent in four languages (Hindi, English, Tamil,Sanskrit) and has solemnised weddings for families from Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Bihar, Punjab and Tamil Nadu.
		Born in Burma (Yangon), Swatantra - now widowed and living with her married son, daughter-in-law and two grandchildren in Bangalore - belongs to a conservative Arya Samaji family.
		In a piquant twist to her social reform-meets-pragmatism tale, Swatantra got a barrage of angry missives from outraged male priests.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/apr82005/she114040200547.asp (701 words)

	Janakirani Interview
		The editor of krishna patrika published highlighting it by mentioning that the author was 15-years old.
		I was writing for both Telugu Swatantra and Andhra Patrika weekly.
		In fact, it was a matter of pride for me. Every letter I’d written got published as is; no deletions, correcting my language, moving paragraphs up and down, nothing of the sort.
	www.thulika.net /2004April/TJinterview.html (3672 words)

	domain-b : indian business : people : The root of evil
		Indira Gandhi decided to close off the only honest sources of funds that were left to the electoral system by banning corporate donations and abolishing the princes' privy purses.
		She did this in a petty act of vindictiveness because she found that in 1967 both had begun to support the newly formed Swatantra party and the BJP (then known as the Jana Sangh).
		But the effect of her action on the Indian political system was devastating — business was pushed out of politics and the princes were tamed, but fl money generators and criminals moved in to fill the gap.
	www.domain-b.com /people/writers_columnists/prem_shankar_jha/20051231_evil.html (1348 words)

	BJP and coalition politics
		After 1967 General elections when the Congress Party lost its power in a number of States, it became reasonably clear that the days of single party government were numbered.
		Before the elections, the idea that there could be every combination of communists, socialists, Swatantra and Jan Sangh in the same government was inconceivable.
		But, realising the political trend which appeared to be a compulsion in a multiparty system, the RSS in its meeting of Pratinidhi Sabha (April 1967) felt that "the present coming together of the several parties will help understanding one another and wipe out the animosity" (Organiser, April 19, 1967).
	www.saag.org /papers/paper79.html (1172 words)

	Prayatna: Second Minoo Masani Memorial Lecture by N. Vittal at Chennai on November 20, 2003
		Of the 21 principles of the Swatantra Party, the first 20 principles (covering economic and social objectives) were binding on all members and the 21st principle stated,
		The Swatantra party holds that democracy is best served if every political party allows freedom of opinion to its members on all matters outside the fundamental principles of the party.
		Way back in 1959, when Rajai and I founded the Swatantra Party and pleaded for a market economy for India, it was considered politically foolhardy, if not downright foolish for us to go against the then prevailing dogma of socialism.
	prayatna.typepad.com /satya/2003/12/second_minoo_ma.html (1444 words)

	Saffronising freedom - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		"This new history of the freedom movement is being written by the RSS leader and Akhil Bharatiya Goa Swatantra Sangram president Ram Tupe of Pune," says writer, and freedom fighter Lambert Mascarenhas.
		Spurred by an obsession to portray the sangh as a lead player in Goa's liberation, the Centre recently sanctioned the Swatantra Sainik Samman Pension (SSSP) to 4,000 RSS supporters from Maharashtra.
		Goa's freedom fighters fear another 6,000 names from outside Goa will soon find their way into the swelling ranks of political sufferers for the 'Goa cause'.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/dec28/sl5.asp (537 words)

	Women Writing-2. Social Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		While most of the older generation female writers continued to publish in the magazines exclusively for women like Hindusundari and Gruhalakshmi, a new generation of writers started writing fiction and publishing them in the magazines that were not identified as for women only.
		In my 1983 interview with her, Malati had mentioned that she was taking some of the ideas from foreign magazines like Ladies Home Journal she had been subscribing at the time.
		Telugu Swatantra was one of the reputable magazines to encourage women writers.
	www.thulika.net /2001December/WW2Ed.html (9270 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana
		Ms Swatantra Chowdhary is the Indian National Lok Dal candidate for the byelection to the Fatehabad Assembly seat scheduled for May 21.
		The Haryana Congress has further delayed the announcement of its candidate for the Fatehabad Assembly byelection, though the major parties, the ruling Indian National Lok Dal and the Haryana Vikas Party have already nominated their candidates.
		On Monday morning when she did not get up, members of her family went to her room where she was found hanging from a ceiling fan.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20030422/haryana.htm (2743 words)

	Dancers Directory at The Horizons - Art, Culture and Lifestyles from India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The cultural events for the opening and closing ceremonies of the South Asian Federation Games ('95) held at Chennai were co-ordinated by Kavitha Ramu - and her special performance for the delegates to the Games was a much appreciated one.
		She has also performed to one of the "Pancharatna Kirtana" during the Bahula Panchami Festival organised by the Thyagaraja Festival Committee, Tirupathi, as well as the "Swatantra Sourabh" organised by the Brahma Gana Sabha as part of the country's golden Jubilee celebrations.
		Recently Kavitha performed at New Delhi during the Thyagaraja Festival organised by the Shanmugananda Sangeetha Sagha and at the Delhi Tamil Sangam to rave reviews.
	www.thehorizons.com /dancers/kavitar/bio.htm (247 words)

	Bharat Swatantra Karo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Sharad Joshi as the flag-carrier of liberal ideals and integrity in India over the past many years and join, strengthen and expand Swatantra Bharat Party, now making a bid to become a national political alternative.
		Das was CEO of Procter and Gamble India before he took early retirement to become a full time writer.
		President, Indian Liberal Group and former Secretary, Swatantra Party
	www.sabhlokcity.com /swatantra.html (521 words)

	Free Software Foundation of India \| Weave our own code. Together.
		Think of Free Software as software which is free of encumbrances, not necessarily free of cost.
		FSF India is a non-profit organisation committed to advocating, promoting and propagating the use and development of swatantra software in India.
		Our goal is to ensure the long term adoption of Free Software, and aim for the day when all software will be free.
	www.fsf.org.in (513 words)

	The Hindu : Sharad Joshi joins hands with NDA, Yukta Mookhey in BJP
		The erstwhile Shetkari Sangathan leader and now president of the Swatantra Bharat Party, Sharad Joshi, today decided to work with the National Democratic Alliance after extracting a promise from the Bharatiya Janata Party that its election manifesto would include the party's approval for a separate state of Vidarbha to be carved out of Maharashtra.
		Joshi himself, when asked by reporters, said categorically that he expected a "three-way seat sharing between the BJP, the Shiv Sena and the Swatantra Bharat Party for the Lok Sabha as well as the Assembly elections (due in Maharashtra later this year)."
		Mahajan was asked to clarify on this, his response was "what dowry has to be given, leave it to me to decide." He expected Mr.
	www.hindu.com /2004/03/06/stories/2004030603761100.htm (556 words)

	A tribute to Prof. R. K. Amin at yazadjal.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		I worked closely with him when I edited the chapter he wrote on Piloo Mody for Profiles in Courage.
		He had no hang ups chatting with all of us in CCS and his stories about the hey days of the Swatantra party were super and his juicy nuggets on various Swatantra party members hilarious.
		You likely know that one legacy of the Swatantra Party is the journal “Freedom First”, run by the indefatigable SV Raju.
	www.yazadjal.com /2004/12/03/a-tribute-to-prof-r-k-amin (414 words)

	Election 2004 - HindustanTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The CPI got 29 seats, the liberal Swatantra (freedom) Party 18 seats and the BJS 14.
		Congress, under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, retained power but suffered setbacks in the first general elections held after Nehru's death in 1964.
		It won 283 out of 520 seats.The Swatantra Party (44 seats), the BJS (35) and two socialist groups with 46 seats emerged as the strongest opposition groups in this election.
	www.hindustantimes.com /2005/May/17/6996_639146,00160055.htm (603 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana
		Addressing a gathering here on the occasion of the filing of nomination papers by INLD candidate Swatantra Chowdhary, Mr Chautala said the byelection result would be a verdict of the people on the performance of his government.
		INLD candidate Swatantra Chowdhary files her nomination papers at Fatehabad on Friday.
		The Chief Minister said he had tried to better the lot of all sections of society.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20030503/haryana.htm (1595 words)

	PRACTICALITIES, Vasco da Gama Tourist Information and Travel Guide at InfoHub.com
		Local minibuses ferry passengers from here to the more central market bus stand, at the top of the square, where buses from Dabolim airport also pull in.
		Auto-rickshaws, and Ambassador and motorcycle taxis, hang around on the corner of Swatantra Path and Dr Rajendra Prasad Avenue, near the station and the small cycle rental stall.
		If it's full try the GTDC Tourist Hostel, off Swatantra Path near the station (tel 0832/510829 or 513119; Rs200-600).
	www.infohub.com /destinations/Asia/India/Vasco-da-Gama/92453.htm (426 words)

	ApnaJabalpur.com - SMAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Swatantra Mat is newspaper with a mission, published by a leading nationalist educational institution of Jabalpur - The Hitkarini Sabha, with a history of more than a century of outstanding contribution to the freedom movement as well as in promotion of educational development in the area.
		SWATANTRA MAT is committed to the latest & unbiased news and positive views equipped with latest technology in printing and news coverage.
		RiG Services: +91-761-5008862 or click here to write to us.
	www.apnajabalpur.com /smatrates.html (199 words)

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