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Topic: Swedish Empire

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	Swedish Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mass of the Swedish people was penetrated by a justifiable fear that the external, artificial greatness of their country might, in the long run, be purchased with the loss of their civil and political liberties.
		The Fehrbellin affair was a mere skirmish, the actual casualties amounting to less than 600 men, but it rudely divested Sweden of her nimbus of invincibility and was the signal for a general attack upon her, known as the Scanian War.
		The Swedish Royal Navy, of even more importance to Sweden if she were to maintain the dominion of the Baltic, was entirely remodelled; and, the recent war having demonstrated the unsuitability of Stockholm as a naval station, the construction of a new arsenal on a gigantic scale was simultaneously begun at Karlskrona.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_Empire (3119 words)

	Swedish colonial empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Swedish colonial empire existed from 1638 to 1655 and from 1785 to 1878.
		By the middle of the 17th century, the Swedish Empire had reached its greatest territorial extent.
		As a reprisal the Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant, moved an army to the Delaware River which was followed by the surrender of the Swedish forts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_colonial_empire (494 words)

	Empire
		An empire is a large, multi-ethnic state, whose political structure is held together by coercion.
		Empires have been traditionally ruled by powerful monarchies under the leadership of a hereditary (or in some cases, self-appointed) emperor.
		For example, the former Soviet Union fits many of the criteria of an empire, but nevertheless did not claim to be one, nor was it ruled by a traditional hereditary "emperor" (see Soviet Empire).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/em/Empire.html (405 words)

	Finland - HISTORY
		Swedish influence in Finland grew at approximately the close of the Viking Age, when the Swedes were converted to Christianity by the Roman Catholic Church and soon afterward began missionary activities in Finland.
		Swedish crusaders first invaded Russia along the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, but they were halted in 1240 on the banks of the Neva River by Prince Alexander of Novgorod, who thereby earned the name Alexander Nevsky ("of the Neva").
		Turku (Swedish, Abo), encompassing the whole country, was the was diocese, and the bishop of Turku was the head of the Finnish church.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/finland/HISTORY.html (19546 words)

	Main Document - Swedish-Russian War
		The Swedish galley was possibly the most beautiful ship of the entire navy, the slim and beautiful forms of the galley-types were designed for maneuverability, and the Swedish navy had even been sending officers to the Mediterranean to study the galleys used by the navies of those areas.
		The second division of the Swedish navy at Öland did not reach the fighting in time, this mainly due to the fact that its commander, Per Lilliehorn, did not follow orders to attack (for which he was later put to trial, convicted and barely escaped death as his life was spared by the government).
		The combined Swedish fleets, The combined Swedish fleets, with the coastal navy sailing on the flank nearer to the coast protected by the ships of the line and frigates, all under the command of the king, broke out of the blockade in a hard but daring operation.
	www.multi.fi /~goranfri/navalwar.html (5230 words)

	Dominions of Sweden - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Map showing the Swedish Empire consisting of Sweden proper and its dominions and possessions, at their greatest territorial extent, following the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658.
		This generally meant that they were ruled by Governors-General under the Swedish monarch, but within certain limits retained their own established political systems, essentially their diets.
		Through its minor German principalities, the Swedish kings in their roles as princes and dukes, or Reichsfürsten, of the Holy Roman Empire took part in the German diets from 1648 until the dissolution of the empire in 1806.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Dominions_of_Sweden (775 words)

	Swedish Empire: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As regards Denmark (Denmark: A constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea), the Peace of Oliva signified the desertion of her three principal allies, Poland, Brandenburg and the emperor, and thus compelled her to reopen negotiations with Sweden direct.
		The Fehrbellin affair was a mere skirmish (skirmish: A minor short-term fight), the actual casualties amounting to less than 600 men, but it rudely divested Sweden of her nimbus of invincibility and was the signal for a general attack upon her, known as the Scanian War.
		The Swedish Royal Navy (Swedish Royal Navy: the swedish navy (swedish: marinen) is the naval branch of the swedish armed...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/swedish_empire (3838 words)

	The Swedish Empire in the Baltic Nations
		The Swedish Empire, expanded by the Vasa Dynasty, had reached the Daugava River by 1629 with the end of the Livonian War.
		The Swedish government attempted to make reforms in the quality of lives for the serfs of the land, which were greatly exploited by the mostly foreign nobility, and even achieved some modest advancements.
		With the expansion in Swedish control the conversion to Protestantism was required of the nobles, as the crown was attempting to establish organization through the national church.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/swedish.html (2552 words)

	ACSH > Facts & Fears > Archives
		Swedish tobacco traditions are strong and very well documented because the country has the oldest continuous national records of tobacco manufacturing and consumption, dating back to 1780.
		The Swedish match industry was consolidated into Svenska Tandsticks AB Group under the direction of Ivar Kreuger in the early 1900s, and the company became the world's largest match producer, controlling 70% of the global market at its peak.
		Swedish society was not completely immune from the post-war wave of smoking, as Swedish national tobacco consumption statistics show a jump in cigarette consumption starting after World War II, concurrent with a decline in snus consumption (Figure 1).
	www.acsh.org /factsfears/newsID.362/news_detail.asp (2456 words)

	AllRefer.com - Finland - Introduction \| Finnish Information Resource
		The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of the 1150s that, according to legend, aimed at conquering the "heathen" Finns and converting them to Christianity.
		Swedish became the language of law and commerce in Finland; Finnish was spoken by the peasantry living away from the coasts.
		In addition, Finns remained free of obligations connected to the empire, such as the duty to serve in tsarist armies, and they enjoyed certain rights that citizens from other parts of the empire did not have.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/finland/finland11.html (4578 words)

	Swedish-Roman Empire - Uncyclopedia
		The Swedish-Roman Empire was founded in the year of 800 by Karl Magnus, also called Charlemange.
		After his death in 840 the empire was divided by his four sons into Sweden, Germany, France and Italy.
		What very few people know, is that the secret cult of "The cult of the Swedish-Roman Empire" has been working for the last 3300 years trying to resurrect it.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Swedish-Roman_empire (146 words)

	The Political and Economic History of Finland
		The Swedish crusade was halted in 1240 and again in 1242 by strong Russian resistance led by Prince Alexander of Novgorod.
		The population was converted to Lutheranism largely by dictate of the Swedish nobility.
		Finnish troops were conscripted to fight in the wars the Swedish Empire engaged in.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/finland.htm (1836 words)

	The Union's Last War: The Russian-Swedish war of 1808-09
		While Swedish generals like Adlercreutz, Georg Karl von Döbeln, and Johan August Sandels were more than a fair match to their Russian commanders, the high command of the Swedish Army was often stiff, conservative and buried in its own bureaucracy.
		The traditional uniform of the Swedish Army was in blue and yellow, but during the era of Gustav IV Adolf, the army had also been experimenting with grey uniforms.
		The honour of being a soldier was not felt in the Russian Army, as it was in the Swedish.
	www.napoleon-series.org /military/battles/c_finnish.html (9073 words)

	Great Northern War
		Swedish possessions in Estonia and Livonia blocked Russian access to the Baltic Sea, and thus prevented all trade with western powers.
		This battle marks the beginning of Swedish decline and the rise of Peter’s Russian empire.
		At the end of Swedish rule Raun estimates that the peasant household was forced to part with 50-80% of its output.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/greatnorthernwar.htm (2588 words)

	Swedish History - Ruling of the Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thanks to this, a new trade town, Stockholm, was created and the citizens were divided into four social classes: the nobles, the priests, the commoners and the peasants.
		To be able to rule this great empire and organise taxes, the king had to build castles all over the empire e.g.
		You can say that this was the place from where the king ruled the empire.
	www.utb.boras.se /uk/se/projekt/history/articles/founding/found4.htm (447 words)

	Scots in Sweden - Eighteenth Century
		Contact was established between the Duke of Mar and the Swedish government, through the good offices mainly of Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish Minister in London, and the adventurous diplomat Georg Heinrich von Görtz, who had entered the service of Charles XII.
		He applied for Swedish citizenship on 14th June 1731, and we learn from his application that he was born in June 1686, and regarded himself as a member of the noble family of Argyll through the Campbells of Cawdor.
		It was in the employment of the Swedish East India Company that Sir William Chambers travelled, in the 1740’s, to China, where he received the influence that was later to dominate his work at Kew Gardens and elsewhere.
	www.electricscotland.com /History/sweden/18.htm (2838 words)

	David Frum's Diary on National Review Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For instance: On my last visit, I mentioned to a Swedish friend that one of the great might-have-beens of history is the question, "What if Charles XII had won the Battle of Poltava?" Charles XII was the second of Sweden's two great warrior kings.
		Charles XII lost, and the Swedish empire was shattered.
		Eighteenth-century Sweden was hardly a free society--the Swedish king's power was more absolute even than that of the king of France--but it had private property and courts that enforced contracts.
	frum.nationalreview.com /archives/06162004.asp (705 words)

	Revelations of the Diplomatic History of the 18th Century by Karl Marx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, it cannot he denied that it was the partition of the Swedish Empire which inaugurated the modern era of international policy.
		As this was a fatal period to the Swedish successes, so how great a deliverance it was to the Muscovites, may be gathered from the Czar’s celebrating, every year, with great solemnity, the anniversary of that day, from which his ambitious thoughts began to soar still higher.
		But if this should not succeed, the Czar is still a gainer by having made his confederates uneasy at these his separate negotiations; and as we find by the newspapers, the more solicitous to keep him ready to their confederacy, which must cost them very large proffers and promises.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1857/russia/ch02.htm (6015 words)

	swedish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A language course that presents a brief outline of Swedish grammar, with the emphasis on the spoken, everyday language, and includes 186 speech samples...
		2 The Swedish language is the de facto national language.
		The Swedish Empire in 1658 (orange) overlaid by present day Sweden (red) · Enlarge...
	www.hotvsnot.com /search?s=swedish (295 words)

	Posting of Countries, & Colonies [Archive] - Alternate History Discussion Board
		The war ends in 1632 with the partition of the Empire: the Holy Franco-Roman Empire (comprising France, Flanders, Rhineland, Central Germany and Savoy); the Empire of Austria (Austria, Bavary, Bohemia and Hungary); the United Provinces (Holland, Zealand, Bremen and Saxony) and the Evangelical Union (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Pomerania and Brandenburg).
		French Empire not only has recovered from the destruction of the Welleslian wars, but feels that it is in a situation to defy the Iberic Union.
		By the early 1500's the Anglo-Frank Empire reached from Ireland and Wales to the Rhine in the North, and the Pyrenees and Genoa in the South.
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/archive/index.php/t-8210.html (17392 words)

	Find in a Library: Charles XII and the collapse of the Swedish empire, 1682-1719
		Find in a Library: Charles XII and the collapse of the Swedish empire, 1682-1719
		Charles XII and the collapse of the Swedish empire, 1682-1719
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/aa31ae3993499873.html (79 words)

	FINE ANTIQUE OBJECTS - A SWEDISH EMPIRE GILT BRONZE AND TOLE BOUILLOTTE LAMP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An unusual Swedish Empire period three branch bouillotte lamp.
		It has elaborately cast foliate arms and stands on a circular plinth enriched with neo-classical motif.
		We also deal in French, Italian, German and Russian pieces of Louis XIV, XV, XVI, Regence, Empire, marquetry, chinoiserie, parquetry, veneered, giltwood, gilt, commodes, cabinets, tables, desks, mirrors, bookcases, chairs, fauteuils, bergeres, secretary, armoires, armoire.
	www.mallettantiques.com /items/bm0806.htm (226 words)

	Gjallarhorn, Grimborg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This part of Finland looks across the Bothnian Sea to Sweden and the Swedish influence on the region is still extremely strong today, many years after Finland was part of the Swedish empire.
		Many people from this region claim Swedish, not Finnish, as their mother tongue, and some Swedish music has survived here but not in Sweden.
		Gjallarhorn specializes in interpreting this strain of folk music, one which is shared by both countries.
	www.rambles.net /gjallarhorn_grim02.html (413 words)

	Swedish geekettes take on male gamers
		Couldn't Les Seules do something useful like join the Swedish army and prepare to make Sweden the vast European empire it once was?
		We asked Shuttle why the web site for Les Seules is based in Denmark, which as far as we know isn't part of the Swedish empire, just like Iceland isn't part of the Danish empire.
		Shuttle said it's because the website sponsor who made the site originated from Denmark.
	www.theinquirer.net /?article=20158 (226 words)

	Mallett Antiques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A PAIR OF SWEDISH EMPIRE WHITE MARBLE AND ORMOLU CANDLESTICKS
		A PAIR OF EMPIRE BRONZE AND ORMOLU MOUNTED TAZZAS
		A PAIR OF EMPIRE BRONZES OF PSYCHE AND EROS
	textiles.mallettantiques.com /items (5223 words)

	AllRefer.com - Finland - Finland and the Swedish Empire \| Finnish Information Resource
		AllRefer.com - Finland - Finland and the Swedish Empire
		You are here -allRefer - Reference - Country Study & Country Guide - Finland
		The Cold War and the Treaty of 1948
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/finland/finland18.html (1376 words)

	eBay - empire settee, Furniture, Antiques items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		1 items found for empire settee in eBay Stores.
		Save this search to Favorites and get an email when new matching listings appear on eBay.
		Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the eBay User Agreement and Privacy Policy.
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=empire+settee&newu=1&... (208 words)

	Swedish Empire - Eduseek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Subjects > History > 12+ Years > Empires and Civilizations > Western European Empires > Swedish Empire
		The Swedish Empire in the Baltic Nations -
		Link to us : Add Eduseek to your site : Newsletter
	www.eduseek.com /navigate.php?ID=8327 (58 words)

	VodkaPundit: Comment on The Swedish Empire Strikes Back (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		VodkaPundit: Comment on The Swedish Empire Strikes Back
		Swedes don't really know how to make a good vodka.
		Posted by michael farris at January 20, 2006 11:24 AM
	www.vodkapundit.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=8455 (1247 words)

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