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Topic: Swedish Norwegian Runic Script

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	Runic Alphabet
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related, A, R,'' and ''K''); the Anglo-Saxon variant as '''Futhorc''' (due to sound changes undergone in Old English by the same six letters).
		The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st Century BC Northern Italic Alphabet s, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old Italic Alphabet.
		A peculiarity of the runic alphabet as compared to the Old Italic family is rather the absence of ''horizontal'' strokes.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Runic_alphabet (3404 words)

	Runic alphabet
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles.
		The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st century BC Northern Italic alphabets, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old Italic alphabet.
		A peculiarity of the runic alphabet as compared to the Old Italic family is rather the absence of horizontal strokes, but this characteristic is also shared by other alphabets, for example the early form of the Latin alphabet used for the Duenos inscription.
	www.reboom.com /article/Runes.html (3245 words)

	Rune
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles.
		The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st century BC Northern Italic alphabets, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old Italic alphabet.
		A peculiarity of the runic alphabet as compared to the Old Italic family is rather the absence of horizontal strokes, but this characteristic is also shared by other alphabets, for example the early form of the Latin alphabet used for the Duenos inscription.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/r/ru/rune.html (3277 words)

	Swedish language
		Swedish is a one of the Scandinavian languages, a sub-group of the Germanic group of the Indo-European language family.
		Swedish is the national (but not official) language of Sweden, mother tongue[?] for the Sweden-born inhabitants (7,881,000) and acquired by nearly all immigrants (1,028,000) (figures according to official statistics for 2001).
		Swedish is the official language of the small autonomous territory of the Åland Islands, under sovereignty of Finland, protected by international treaties and Finnish laws.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/sw/Swedish_(language).html (1198 words)

	Runic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles, but before Christianization also on the European Continent.
		The origins of the runic scripts are uncertain.
		A peculiarity of the runic alphabet as compared to the Old Italic family is rather the absence of horizontal strokes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rune (3393 words)

	Swedish language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Standard Swedish is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century and was well-established by the beginning of the 20th century.
		Swedish is the national language of Sweden, the first language for the overwhelming majority of roughly eight million Sweden-born inhabitants and acquired by one million immigrants.
		Swedish is the sole official language of Åland, an autonomous province under the sovereignty of Finland, where 95% of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Swedish_language (5910 words)

	Swedish language
		Swedish (svenska) is a language spoken principally in Sweden, Finland (finlandsvenska), Åland and in the coastland of Estonia (estlandssvenska).
		Swedish is classified as a member of the East section of the Scandinavian languages, a sub-group of the Germanic group of the Indo-European language family.
		Swedish is notable for having a large vowel inventory, with 17 different monophthongs, and for the unusual consonant sound [ɧ], the voiceless dorso-palatal/velar fricative.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Swedish_language (2042 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Runic alphabet
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia, and the British Isles.
		The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st century BC Northern Italic alphabets, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old Italic alphabet.
		Named after the Swedish province Dalecarlia (see Dalecarlian language), the Dalecarlian runic script is an alphabetic script influenced by both long-branch and short-twig runes.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Rune (2931 words)

	BabelStone : Keyboard Layouts : Runic
		The Runic script is clearly releated to the Latin script, as can be seen from the Runic letters for A, B, K, F, H, I, M, R, S and T, although it is believed to be derived from a North Italic script rather than Latin itself.
		The 75 Unicode runic letter characters are intended to represent all of the various shapes and forms of runic letters that are found in the various fuÃ¾arks and runic alphabets.
		The rune names are taken from a Norwegian runic poem that dates from the twelth to thirteenth century, and from an Icelandic runic poem that dates from the fifteenth century.
	www.babelstone.co.uk /Keyboards/Runic.html (1942 words)

	Swedish 101 > Swedish Language > History
		A change that separated Old East Norse (Runic Swedish/Danish) from Old West Norse was the change of the diphthong æi (Old West Norse ei) to the monophthong e, as in stæin to sten.
		Early medieval Swedish was markedly different from the modern language in that it had a more complex case structure and had not yet experienced a reduction of the gender system.
		A transitional change of the Latin script in the Nordic countries was to spell the letter combination "ae" as æ – and sometimes (when writing hastily?) as a' – though it varied between individuals and regions.
	www.101languages.net /swedish/history.html (1640 words)

	Runic alphabet information - Search.com
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles, but before Christianization also on the European Continent.
		The origins of the runic scripts are uncertain.
		Some later runic finds are on monuments (rune stones), which often contain solemn inscriptions about people who died or performed great deeds.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Runic_alphabet?redir=1 (3460 words)

	Runic alphabets / Runes / Futhark
		Runic writing was probably first used in southern Europe and was carried north by Germanic tribes.
		The Runic alphabet is thought to have been modelled on the Latin and/or Etruscan alphabet.
		Runic inscriptions have been found throughout Europe from the Balkans to Germany, Scandinavia and the British Isles.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/runic.htm (796 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Runic alphabet
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters (known as runes), formerly used to write Germanic languages before and shortly after the Christianization of Scandinavia and the British Isles.
		One of the important figures in Germanic mysticism and runic revivalism in the late 19th and early 20th century was the Austrian occultist, mysticist and völkisch author Guido von List.
		Another modern day runic row is the Uthark commonly known through the work of the Swedish scholar and occultist Thomas Karlsson, founder of the 'Ordo Draconis et Atri Adamantis' (or Dragon Rouge), and refers to them as the 'Night-side of the Runes'.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Runic_alphabet (3731 words)

	1. The Runic Mysteries
		We see the word for runic character in Runic Old Norse as "runar," Old Icelandic and Faroese as "run," Swedish as "runa," Danish and Norwegian as "runa" and in Middle High German and Anglo-Saxon as "run." This is the same word seen earlier as also meaning mystery.
		Norwegian has a phrase "kaste runer etter," which means to cast a spell on or to practice magic on somebody.
		This is generally taken by many to be saying that Odin discovered the runic script, but it seems more likely to be referring to the verses of mystery, or as we should say, charms or spells.
	www.panikon.com /phurba/articles/lang/runic.html (1446 words)

	Atlantis Rising: Viking History & Runic Symbols (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The futhork runic alphabet (so called for the sounds of the first six letters in the alphabet) was in wide use throughout northern Europe from roughly the 3rd to the 12th century.
		Studies of the Norse peoples' Runic characters and Celtic symbols have found that the symbols appear to have served sacred and mystical purposes for hundreds of years before there is any evidence of their being used for written language.
		In the West, the oddities that are the Runic and the Celtic ogham systems are explained as having developed from this original Phoenician, which was adopted and adapted by Greeks, and thus North Semitic became the ancestor of all the other western alphabets.
	forums.atlantisrising.com /ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=000543;p=1 (11546 words)

	11. Calendars and Almanacs Special Collection
		MS in Swedish on brass, Sweden, 1540, 1 clog, 24x3x1 cm, single column, (23x3 cm), 2+2 lines in runes from the younger futhark of high quality, 95 feastday symbols.
		MS in Norwegian on birch wood, Norway, 17th c., 1 septagonal clog with round handle and iron shoe at the end, 4x123 cm, (4x95 cm), 5 long lines in runes from the younger futhark, 46 feastday symbols, including the 2 St. Olav axes, marked S.L. Provenance: 1.
		MS in Norwegian on birch wood, Norway, 1647, 1 2-sided clog with round handle, 5x113x3 cm, originally 5x128 cm, (4x93 cm, originally 4x108 cm), 4 long lines in runes from the younger futhark, 44 feastday symbols, the 2 narrow sides filled with ownership initials and years, handle woodcarved in knotwork design.
	www.schoyencollection.com /calendars.htm (1719 words)

	Ancient Celtic World
		However, the use of runes persisted for specialized purposes, mainly in Scandinavia and in rural Sweden until the early 20th century (used mainly for decoration as Dalecarlian runes and on Runic calendars).
		The Icelandic sources do not relate how the runes were transmitted to mortal men, but in 1555, the exiled Swedish archbishop Olaus Magnus recorded a tradition that a man named Kettil Runske had stolen three rune staffs from Odin and learnt the runes and their magic.
		For a long time it was assumed that this kind of grand inscription was the primary use of runes, and that their use was associated with a certain societal class of rune-carvers.However, in the middle of the 1950s, about 600 inscriptions known as the Bryggen inscriptions were found in Bergen.
	www.automaticfreeweb.com /index.cfm?s=celticworld&act=3&text=327 (1603 words)

	Origins of the Runes
		Runes were used to write many languages including, Gothic, German, Frisian, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Lithuanian, Russian, Hebrew and other Semitic languages (due to trade relations with the Khazars, a Semitic tribe of traders of the Silk Road).
		Translation of runic inscriptions is therefore extremely difficult, and complicated by the fact that rune masters sometimes wrote cryptic puzzles or in secret script.
		Runic inscriptions are mostly found on jewelry, weapons, stones and other objects.
	www.sunnyway.com /runes/origins.html (1222 words)

	Forgotten Scripts By Dino Manzella
		Inscribed on a swedish gravestone appears "I hid here magic runes undisturbed by evil witchcraft, He who destroys this monument shall die in misery by magic art".
		As long as the passion behind it was strong when the author wrote a rune, people believed that the presence of that word or phrase would serve as a guard, protector, servant, and in some cases, an assassin.
		Some scripts may not all have a sensible phonetic substitution, So you may need to create some letters to help some alphabets flow better.
	www.afternight.com /runes/runes2.htm (1083 words)

	Runic alphabet Did You Mean runic_alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Icelandic sources do not relate how the runes were transmitted to mortal men, but in 1555, the exiled Swedish archbishop Olaus Magnus recorded a tradition that a man named Kettil Runske had stolen three rune staffs from Odin and learnt the runes and their magic.
		Another theory is that the runes originated directly from the Middle East, and are related to the Nabataean alphabet, a variant of the Phoenician alphabet.
		The Githyanki have a runic script called tir'su in which the letters for each word are written in a ring, so each word forms a circular seal.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Runic_alphabet.html (3288 words)

	Runic alphabet - The Mind-N-Magick Paganpedia
		The Icelandic sources do not relate how the runes were transmitted to mortal men, but in 1555, the exiled Swedish archbishop Olaus Magnus recorded a tradition that a man named Kettil Runske had stolen three rune staffs from Odin and learned the runes and their magic.
		A peculiarity of the runic alphabet as compared to the Old Italic family is rather the absence of horizontal strokes, but this characteristic is also shared by other alphabets, for example the early form of the Latin alphabet used for the Duenos inscription.
		Another theory is that the runes originated directly from the Middle East, and are related to the Nabataean alphabet, a variant of the Phoenician alphabet.
	paganpedia.mind-n-magick.com /wiki/index.php?title=Rune (2860 words)

	Runic Bibliography
		Swedish Vikings in England: The Evidence of the Rune Stones.
		Makaev, E.A. The language of the oldest runic inscriptions: A linguistic and historical analysis
		Handbook of the Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England.
	www.ravensgard.org /gerekr/runicbib.html (311 words)

	Runic alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Younger Futhark inscription on the [[Vaksala Runestone]] The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia, and the British Isles.
		I foresee perdition.'' However, it has proved difficult to find unambiguous traces of Runic "oracles": Although Norse literature is full of references to runes, it nowhere contains specific instructions on Divination or magic.
		the Dalecarlian runes Named after the Swedish province Dalecarlia (see Dalecarlian language), the Dalecarlian Runic script is an alphabetic script influenced by both long-branch and short-twig runes.
	runic-alphabet.iqnaut.net (2836 words)

	Runic info here at www.earthbornsite.info (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Organic Roses in the Runic Runic Many Runic believe growing their flowers and vegetables organically is healthier for them and their environment.
		Using the pesticides and insecticides that are usually considered to go along with growing roses and keeping them healthy can cause many Runic have to Runic problems.
		The two futharks were in parallel use for some time, and one example of this is the RÃ¶k Runestone.
	www.earthbornsite.info /de/Runic (3771 words)

	Mystery of the Futhark Alphabet Page 1
		The Futhark alphabet was used by the North European Germanic peoples (the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish) between the 3rd and 17th centuries A.D. About 3500 stone monuments in Europe, concentrated mostly in Sweden and Norway, are claimed to have been inscribed with this writing.
		My claim is that the alphabets of these monuments found in both Europe and the Central Asia have stemmed from a common origin in a very remote past.
		Then, it was only a natural development for the Turkish, and the Germanic tribes that, although in locations so far away from each other, they could seperately carry on with this heritage of writing.
	www.antalyaonline.net /futhark (226 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: 18. Nordic countries
		MS in Middle Norwegian and Latin (dating clause) on vellum, Stavanger, Norway, 4 July 1467, 1 f., 8x23 cm, (5x19 cm), 11 long lines in a regular Norwegian cursive documentary script.
		MS in Norwegian on paper, Norway, 1865-1870, 1 p., 23x17 cm, single column, (21x14 cm), 25 lines in cursive script, autograph, signed.
		MS in Norwegian on paper, Nørholm, Eide near Grimstad, Norway, 1923, 1/2 f., 10x16 cm, single column, (10x15 cm), 31+ 13 lines in a minute cursive script, autograph.
	www.schoyencollection.com /nordic.htm (2182 words)

	Runic alphabet - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		A handful of Elder Futhark inscriptions were found in Gothic territory, such as the 4th century ring of Pietroassa.
		This runic row and theory had however been the subject of an earlier study by the Swedish philologist Sigurd Agrell [2].
		Odenstedt, Bengt, On the Origin and Early History of the Runic Script, Uppsala (1990), ISBN 9185352209.
	www.medbib.com /Rune (3692 words)

	Runes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia, and the
		Dalecarlian language), the Dalecarlian runic script is an alphabetic script influenced by both long-branch and short-twig runes.
		Guido von List, one of the important figures in Germanic mysticism and runic revivalism in the late 19th and early 20th century.
	www.writen4u.com /public/Runes.asp (3059 words)

	Aepalizage - Historical Overview
		Their name "Futhark" stems from the first 6 letters in the script (th is one letter).
		As the Latin script became more important around 1200 in Scandinavia the runes were expanded so the general texts could be written.
		The last huge runic monument from this tradition is the Anthyr song dating from 1617.
	www.aepalizage.com /runes/history.html (653 words)

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