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Topic: Swedish War of Liberation

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	The Militant - November 26, 2001 -- 'No' to Swedish imperialism's complicity in Afghan war!
		The Swedish "voluntary-brigades" and their role in the drowning of the Finnish revolution in blood in 1918 was another example not long after.
		Swedish troops constituted the lion's share of the UN force that disarmed the anti-colonial liberation movement in the Congo and paved the way for the murder of its leader Patrice Lumumba.
		Swedish troops have participated in the occupation of Bosnia, Kosova, and Macedonia.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6545/654557.html (740 words)

	Norway Info - Articles - The history of Norway
		Håkon VI (1340-80) -- son of the Swedish king Magnus Eriksson, and Håkon V's daughter Ingebjørg -- was lawful heir to the throne of Norway.
		The antagonism felt towards the Swedish monarchy soon became apparent in the Union, not least because foreign policy was led in its entirety from Stockholm.
		A Swedish demand that the union's foreign minister must be Swedish, and the Norwegians' demand for their own consulates sparked bitter disagreement.
	www.cyberclip.com /Katrine/NorwayInfo/Articles/HistNorw.html (6716 words)

	Main Document - Swedish-Russian War
		If the Swedish army had understood the value of threatening the Russian armies in their back, cut their fragile supplylines and worked with the local population where rebellions against the invaders actually took place, the course of the war and the result of it, would have been much different.
		In the Swedish high command it was planned that these landings would also be an all-out signal to rebellion, against the occupation, among the peasants in the areas affected.
		The Swedish troops on the other side were preparing for the defense of Stockholm and the Russians actually planned an invasion from Åland as well (Over 10.000 troops were to be landed at Stockholm according to the plans).
	www.multi.fi /~goranfri/smallwar.html (2372 words)

	::The Liberation of Paris:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The liberation of Paris, in theory, was only a matter of time after the success of D-Day in June 1944.
		The taking of Paris and its liberation would have been a massive morale boost not to just those who lived in Paris but to French people in general, but it did not seem to be a high priority to Allied leaders.
		It would appear that the liberation of Paris was not even on the mind of those who planned ‘Operation Overlord’.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /liberation_of_paris.htm (1733 words)

	War (Harpers.org)
		Ariel Sharon, a known war criminal, was elected prime minister of Israel; Sharon declared that the peace process was dead and that the Palestinians must submit to Israeli domination before negotiations could resume.
		American forces were preparing for large-scale war games in Qatar, which is expected to be the base for command and control operations during the invasion of Iraq.
		Swedish prison guards were protesting the cushy prison conditions of Biljana Plavsic, the former Serb president serving a war-crimes sentence in Sweden.
	www.harpers.org /War.html (4696 words)

	Category:Wars - Military History Wiki
		War is a conflict involving the organized use of weapons and physical force by states or other large-scale groups.
		Warring parties usually hold territory, which they can win or lose; and each has a leading person or organization which can surrender, or collapse, thus ending the war.
		A war to liberate an occupied country is called a "war of liberation"; a war between internal factions within a state is a civil war.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /wiki/Category:Wars (827 words)

	Regiments, Swedish, Infantry (2)
		During the Thirty-Year War in Europe (1618 - 1648) this regiment was called the Yellow Regiment (Gula regementet) due to the colors of the regiment's uniforms.
		During the Swedish - Russian war of 1808 - 1809, the Swedish Island of Gotland was invaded by Russian troops in 1808.
		After the war a lot of infantry regiments was disestablished and the size of the Army was cut down to reflect the territory of Sweden in 1721.
	www.algonet.se /~hogman/regiments_inf2_eng.htm (7280 words)

	Principles of War, by Carl von Clausewitz
		But if we apply this to the whole theater of war (and consequently to the enemy's lines of communication), the individual columns and armies, which are to envelop the enemy, are in most cases too far away from each other to participate in one and the same engagement.
		In a theater of war which we have prepared, which we know, and in which all minor conditions are in our favor, war is easier to conduct, and we com- mit fewer mistakes.
		It was especially during the latter war, when Prussia, allied with England, had to fight the superior alliance of Austria, France, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony, that Frederick proved his unusual skill and audacity as a military leader.
	www.clausewitz.com /CWZHOME/PrincWar/Princwr1.htm#IIIa (15835 words)

	Bush Doctrine Breeds Terror and Tyranny - by Ronald Bruce St. John
		Groups as diverse in structure and objectives as Peru’s Shining Path, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, Basque Fatherland and Liberty, the Communist Party of the Philippines, and Hamas are on the State Department’s list of designated foreign terrorist organizations.
		With the media focused on the global war on terrorism, the White House is not interested in the historical, political, economic, and cultural factors that shaped regional dissident groups.
		In Africa, the Bush administration has opened a new front in the war on terrorism, equipping and training armies in states seen as potential sanctuaries for terrorists or long-term sources of oil.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/stjohn.php?articleid=2681 (1969 words)

	The Terrible Truth - The Human History of War
		161 - 166 Parthian war of Lucius Verus
		1532 - 1546 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
		1551 - 1581 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
	www.bibleufo.com /terribletruth5.htm (1805 words)

	The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined , by Dominique Vidal
		The ensuing Arab-Israeli war ended with Israel expanding its share of the land by a third, while what remained to the Arabs was occupied by Egypt and Jordan.
		The vast majority of the refugees (estimated at between 700,000 and 900,000) were, they say, forced to leave, first, as a result of clashes between Israelis and Palestinians, and then by the Arab-Israeli war, in which a political-military strategy of expulsion had been marked by several massacres.
		This body was unofficial at first, but was formalised at the end of August 1948 into the "Transfer Committee" which supervised the destruction of abandoned Arab villages and/or their repopulation with recent Jewish immigrants, in order to make any return of the refugees impossible.
	mondediplo.com /1997/12/palestine (3650 words)

	I Pledge Resistance to the Flag
		Illnesses suffered by U.S. veterans of the Gulf War include: cancer and leukemia; genetic defects; heavy metal poisoning; kidney damage; lung damage (these last three are symptoms from the inhalation of dust particles of uranium 238); skin disorders and burns; hair loss; and children born with birth defects (sometimes horribly deformed or stillborn).
		Furthermore, the veterans of the Gulf War suffering from this "syndrome" have been denied disability compensation and in many cases treatment for their illnesses, since the U.S. government refuses to admit any connection between the illnesses and the use of DU weapons.
		Although "liberation" is a commonly stated goal for a war against Iraq, in fact the U.S. post-war plan calls for a U.S. military commander to run Iraq (much like in Japan after WWII), followed by a transfer of control to a U.S. civilian administrator.
	geocities.com /warwithoutconsent/I_PLEDGE_RESISTANCE_TO_THE_FLAG.html (16806 words)

	Olaf Palme
		Swedish politician Olaf Palme was born in Stockholm and received most of his education in the United States.
		In 1955, he was elected to the Swedish Parliament.
		Palme was a dominant figure in Swedish politics.
	www.multied.com /Bio/people/Palme.html (132 words)

	Helsinki / Helsingfors, Finland
		Helsinki (Swedish Helsingfors) is capital of Finland and chief town of the province of Uusimaa (Nyland).
		In January 1918 a war began which ended in May of that year with the withdrawal of Russian troops and the expulsion of Finnish socialist forces - for the war was both a war of liberation and a civil war.
		During the Second World War Helsinki was one of the few European capitals not occupied by foreign forces.
	www.planetware.com /finland/helsinki-helsingfors-sf-udn-hels.htm (736 words)

	Iraqis Vote on 'Invisible' Constitution
		The new film Lord Of War - which stars Nicolas Cage as amoral but charismatic arms dealer Yuri Orlov - opens with a rapid-fire montage which tells the story of a bullet, from its birth in a manufacturing plant, to its fatal impact on a child soldier.
		The brainchild of a second world war tank sergeant, Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov, the AK-47 was the weapon favoured during the cold war years by non-Western powers.
		Extra-judicial executions, unlawful killings of civilians, torture, rape and other sexual violence, the use of child soldiers, abductions, looting of villages and forced displacement are among the atrocities to which bullet suppliers are callously indifferent.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines05/1009-07.htm (3082 words)

	The OSS Morale Operations Branch in Action, 1943-1945
		One success toward the end of the war in Italy, according to MO, involved the dropping of safe-conduct passes allegedly from partisan groups in the vicinity of Italy's Fascist Monte Rosa Division, which held a vital sector of the front.
		One Swedish newspaper reported that the organization responsible for 1212 had branches in all towns and villages west of the line Hamburg-Bremen and Braunschweig-Jena-Munich and was organized to prevent scorched-earth policies.
		During the writing of the MO War Diaries there was a debate about whether to include Sauerkraut and what to tell the JCS should they learn of the operation (see Report for War Diary, Box 32, Entry 99, RG 226).
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/oss/propagandawarriors.htm (8629 words)

	Bolsheviks and War [Sam Marcy -- 1985]: Appendix IV: Zimmerwald Manifesto
		The war which has produced this chaos is the outcome of imperialism, of the attempt on the part of the capitalist classes of each nation, to foster their greed for profit by the exploitation of human labor and of the natural treasures of the entire globe.
		In the course of the war, its driving forces are revealed in all their vileness.
		Thus the war reveals the naked figure of modern capitalism which has become irreconcilable, not only with the interests of the laboring masses, not only with the requirements of historical development, but also with the elementary conditions of human intercourse.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/sambol/bolwar/bolwar10.htm (1009 words)

	Woker, The Next War, A War of Poison Gas, [before 1927]
		It kills in a wholesale manner, and the enemy army is not the only goal of attack, but the industrial centers as well, and ultimately the entire civil population, --in other words the whole people, whose only crime lies in the fact that they were born beyond the boundaries of the attacking country.
		The agent which plays the principal part of exterminator in the war of self-destruction waged by the white race is poison gas used in conjunction with the development of modern aircraft.
		In the first case, hydrocyanic acid and non-reacting carbon dioxide is formed in addition to hydrochloric acid gas, and by the use of carbonylflouride in place of phosgene, hydrofluoric acid gas is formed, instead of hydrochloric acid.
	womhist.binghamton.edu /chemwar/doc11.htm (2168 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was not until late in the war that the United States attempted to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.
		In January 1944, the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., persuaded President Franklin D. Roosevelt to establish the War Refugee Board.
		Nazi Germany’s policies was to win the war as quickly as possible.
	www.ushmm.org /outreach/wboard.htm (284 words)

	Eritrea- The Imprisonment of Foreign Journalists
		Twenty nine years later, his country would be declared the state of Eritrea after a long and bloody war for liberation.
		The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) was reorganized shortly afterwards into the ruling party PFDJ (People's Front for Democracy and Justice).
		One of the most prominent heroes from the liberation struggle, Isaias Afeworki, was elected chairman of the party, and the president of the new nation.
	www.dictatorofthemonth.com /English/Articles/Eritrea_dawit.htm (804 words)

	Border War
		In 1965 the first infiltration by armed insurgents of PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia) took place over the border of Southern Angola/Ovamboland, and set in motion what was to become a war lasting 23 years and ultimately involving not only Namibians and South Africans, but also Angolans, Cubans, Russians and Americans.
		In addition to the shooting war, Steenkamp illuminates many aspects of the propaganda war, setting the record straight with regard to a number of alleged atrocities.
		This was the first book to attempt a complete history of the border war and the author has succeeded in producing an ordered, chronological account of a long and confusing war.
	www.rhodesia.nl /bordrwar.htm (1072 words)

	CNN - Almanac - Nov. 8, 1996
		The Swedish postage stamp called the "Treskilling Yellow" and billed as the most valuable in the world is scheduled to be publicly auctioned in Zurich.
		In 1576, under the Pacification of Ghent, all 17 provinces of the Netherlands were united against Spain in the Dutch War of Liberation.
		In 1939, seven people were killed when a bomb exploded in the Buergerbraukeller in Munich just after Hitler had delivered a speech on the occasion of the celebration of the abortive 1923 putsch.
	www.cnn.com /almanac/9611/08 (831 words)

	CNN Interactive - Almanac - November 8, 1998
		On Wednesday, November 11, this year's Veterans Day, originally called Armistice Day, marks the 80th anniversary of the end of World War I. On Thursday, November 12, newly elected Republican members of the House gather in Washington for freshman orientation and leadership elections.
		In 1520, King Christian II ordered the massacre of Swedish bishops and nobles in what became known as the "Stockholm Bloodbath," helping to incite a Swedish war of liberation against Danish rule.
		In 1972, West and East Germany ended 23 years of Cold War antagonism by initialing a good-neighbor treaty which pledged mutual respect for the existence of two sovereign German states.
	www.cnn.com /almanac/9811/08 (521 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Ukrainian War of Liberation Part I
		However, the theater of war is too distant from Poland.
		Cossacks were constantly at war with one foe or another.
		It is known what is the war for faith in Russian land: there is no force stronger than faith.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=5498 (3826 words)

	Museum of WWII -- The Holocaust
		Wall posters restricting and condemning Jews and others, and uniforms of concentration camp guards and inmates from Buchenwald, Dachau and Auschwitz are mixed with many examples of the Nazi's racial policies and use of slave labor.
		Wallenberg was a Swedish businessman and diplomat who became a legendary figure through his efforts to rescue Hungarian Jews during the war and through his disappearance while a prisoner in the Soviet Union.
		She later discovered Anne Frank’s diary after the family had been arrested and hoped to return it to her after the war:.
	www.museumofworldwarii.com /TourText/Area07_Holocaust.htm (851 words)

	List of Swedish wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Livonian War and the Russo–Swedish War (1590–1595) or 25-årskriget mot Ryssland (1570–1595)
		The Dutch-Swedish War (1657–1660) (Dutch intervention in the Northern Wars)
		Gustav III's Russian War or Gustav III:s ryska krig (1788–1790)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_wars (315 words)

	Cambridge Modern History Atlas 1912 - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online
		England and Wales at the Outbreak of The Civil War (387K) Map 34
		Germany and Eastern France: The War of Liberation 1813-1814 (1.08MBK) Map 97
		Denmark and the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein: The War of 1864 (377K) Map 116
	www.lib.utexas.edu /maps/historical/ward_1912.html (1222 words)

	Rummaging Through the Ashes - by Nebojsa Malic
		Former Swedish PM Carl Bildt, former Kosovo viceroy and longtime peace envoy in the Balkans,
		During the Bosnian War he had exposure to diplomatic and media affairs in Sarajevo.
		As a historian who specializes in international relations and the Balkans, Malic has written numerous essays on the Kosovo War, Bosnia, and Serbian politics.
	www.antiwar.com /malic/?articleid=2187 (1531 words)

	Rescue in Budapest Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat assigned to Sweden's embassy in Budapest, led one of the most extensive and successful rescue efforts during the Holocaust.
		He worked with the American War Refugee Board (WRB) and the World Jewish Congress to protect tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews from deportation to the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center.
		At liberation, more than 100,000 Jews remained in Budapest, mostly because of these rescue efforts.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/budamap.html (109 words)

	American Gothic
		It was to be an eternal holding operation for "World War IV," the war after the Cold War and expected by neocon devotees to last at least as long.
		Now, according to the latest report from Dana Priest of the Washington Post, the administration is considering exactly how to turn forever into a series of post-penal establishments capable of coping with the realities of life imprisonment beyond all charges and to the end of time.
		After all, while Guantanamo was meant to be beyond the reach of the law, and what went on there beyond all sight or oversight, it was also an intensely public creation in which the administration invested much pride.
	www.motherjones.com /news/dailymojo/2005/01/01_503.html (3014 words)

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