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Topic: Swedish brewing industry

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	LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN TROY AND COHOES: A BRIEF HISTORY
		In becoming industrial workers and part of a highly industrialized community, their days were now ruled by clocks and the hum of machinery.
		They were full-time permanent employees in the collar and textile industries, housekeepers, part-time employees in many local industries—prior to marriage and often after as well, boarding house managers, industrial homeworkers, and a dominant part of the clerical workforce in the 20th century.
		The collar industry workers, at least 85 percent female, assembled, stitched, finished, washed, starched, laundered, and ironed millions of collars during the nearly century-long history of the industry.
	www.albany.edu /history/Troy-Cohoes (6569 words)

	Brewing
		Brewing has a very long history, and archeological evidence tells us that this technique was used in ancient Egypt.
		Provide a copper holding full two-thirds of the quantity proposed to he brewed, with a gauge-stick to determine the number of gallons in the copper.
		Ale brewed for keeping in winter should be no more than blood warm when the yeast is put to it.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/Brewing.html (3380 words)

	Swedish brewing industry: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		It is known, through old writings such as Havamal and others, that the Viking culture used brewing to produce beer and mead.
		Through the centuries since and up until the 19th century, brewing was mostly a matter of production for the household needs.
		The success of the smaller breweries may be because the Swedish alcohol policy[?], which dictates that a monopoly (Systembolaget[?]) sells all alcoholic beverages.
	www.encyclopedian.com /sw/Swedish-brewing-industry.html (504 words)

	ipedia.com: Brewing Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Finally, a mash rest temperature of 149 to 160 °F (65 to 71 °C) is used to convert the starches in the malt to sugar, which is then usable by the yeast later in the brewing process.
		Ale yeasts fement at warmer temperatures of 65 to 75 °F (18 to 24 °C) and tend to collect on the surface of the fermenting beer.
		And over several centuries starting at very least in the 1553 when the King of Bavaria outlawed brewing in the summer months (simply because beer brewed in the winter tasted better), Lager yeast was born.
	www.ipedia.com /brewing.html (1114 words)

	Brewing industry: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Brewing industry Brewing industry The beer brewing industry is dominated by a...of Miller Brewing by South-African-Breweries South African Breweries South African...South-African-Breweries South African Breweries South African Breweries 4.18 2.3 Swedish brewing...
		The beer brewing industry is dominated by a few international players.
		The 2002 acquisition of Miller Brewing by South African Breweries[?] to form SABMiller[?] made it the second-largest brewing company.
	www.encyclopedian.com /br/Brewing-industry.html (214 words)

	Beer
		A beer is any of a variety of alcoholic beverages produced by the fermentation of starchy material derived from grains or other plant sources.
		Where harsher flavours do exist in beer (most notably in those brewed in Yorkshire), these are mitigated by serving the beer through a hand pump that mixes air with the beer, oxidising it slightly and softening the flavour.
		In contrast to wine, beer is generally associated with the lower and middle classes rather than the upper classes.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/be/Beers.html (1007 words)

	[No title]
		In this situation the adaptation of the Swedish taxation on beer in January 1, 1997 was done in such a way that the new taxes on strong beer came significantly closer to the old taxes on people's beer, while beer up to 2.8 per cent alcohol by volume became totally tax-free (Table 17.2).
		Consequently, the national court was given the task to determine whether the Swedish prohibition of alcohol advertising met the conditions of proportionality and whether the ban was justified or not.
		Swedish drinking and driving legislation distinguished between the lesser offence of driving with a BAC between the legal limit and 0.15 per cent, and the more serious offence with BAC levels over 0.15 per cent.
	www.nosam.net /cwobjekter/profilSweden.doc (9969 words)

	Rhode Island History: Chapter 6
		Industrialization, urbanization, and cultural pluralism are among twentieth-century America's most salient characteristics.
		Closely related to industrialization and urbanization was immigration; jobs were the magnet that drew foreigners to Gilded Age Rhode Island.
		Two bright spots in an otherwise bleak economy were the nationally renowned granite industry of Westerly, which supplied more than one third of the memorials on the Gettysburg battlefield, and the equally famous and flourishing coastal resort of Narragansett Pier, whose oceanfront hotels and fabulous Casino attracted wealthy summer residents from throughout the country.
	www.rilin.state.ri.us /studteaguide/RhodeIslandHistory/chapt6.html (2279 words)

	ICBD Research Newsletter: Winter 2004/5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Yeast extracts are widely used in the brewing industry to enhance fermentations, increasing rate of fermentation or degree of wort attenuation.
		In June 1878 the Swedish inventor Gustaf de Laval was granted a patent for a machine that was to revolutionise the dairy industry.
		At the end of fermentation in a regular brewing process, the remaining yeast is separated from the beer with the aid of the centrifuge and repitched into wort contained in 2L fermentation cylinders.
	www.bio.hw.ac.uk /icbd/Newsletter/Newsletter_Winter_2004.htm (5351 words)

	Swedish beer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ale brewing has a long history in Sweden, predating written records.
		It is known, through old writings such as Havamal and others, that the Viking culture used brewing to produce ale and mead.
		These companies offer customers more in the way choice and many of the beers now produced in Sweden are of the very highest international quality, produced with carefully cultivated Brewing Yeasts (often imported from Germany, Belgium or Britain).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_brewing_industry (315 words)

	Swedish Breweries and their Beers
		Swedish breweries, in order to get around advertising restrictions on full-strength beer, have a habit of using the same brand name for beers across all the different strength classes (Pripps Blå is a good example).
		This is a rough breakdown of the structure of the Swedish brewing industry:
		Brewed using yeast recovered from beer bottles found on the wreck (that's what "vrak" means) of the submarine HMS E19, which sank in 1915.
	www.xs4all.nl /~patto1ro/swedbrew.htm (2339 words)

	Czeck People & Beer
		The first mention of brewing in the Czech territories is in the foundation charter for the Vysehrad church, dating from 1088.
		The Czech beer industry's worldwide fame dates from the Renaissance, as does the Bohemian tavern which is famous throughout Europe.
		Feudal lords discovered that forcing their laborers to drink the manor brew was a clever way to line their pockets.
	www.beerchurch.com /Default.aspx?tabid=1907 (960 words)

	World of Beer 11/98: Kitchen Table Tasting -- Swedish Beers
		As a charter member of the Svenska Ölfrämjandet -- or the Swedish Beer Furtherance, as he "freely" translated it -- Fredrik wrote that he was interested in receiving my opinions on several of the beers of his home country, and to facilitate this, he offered to send me off a few bottles.
		What we discovered was that Swedish brews definitely merit greater attention than they are presently receiving on the world beer stage.
		The aroma of this brew is pleasant and conventional enough -- herbal, leafy and fruity -- but the first taste definitely shocks, so much so that Gary suspected that it had gone off.
	worldofbeer.com /9811/swedish.html (1051 words)

	History of Alcohol and Drinking around the World
		While rustic beers continued to be produced in homes, the art of brewing essentially became the province of monks, who carefully guarded their knowledge (Cherrington, 1925, v.
		As towns were established in twelfth-century Germany, they were granted the privilege of brewing and selling beer in their immediate localities.
		A flourishing artisan brewing industry developed in many towns, about which there was strong civic pride (Cherrington, 1925, v.
	www2.potsdam.edu /hansondj/Controversies/1114796842.html (5468 words)

	BT - The Queens of Beer: Women Make Gains in Brewing Scene
		Fahrendorf notes that her present position is the result of her brewing ability, not because she is a woman.
		Consensus among female brewers holds that the Swedish Bikini Team was a huge step backward for women in the brewing industry.
		Fahrendorf joked there are no role models for women in brewing "except the Swedish Bikini Team." She and Pomianowski believe that the women in the posters only further the stereotype that beer is a man's drink brewed by men.
	www.brewingtechniques.com /library/backissues/issue2.4/montell.html (1822 words)

	* Swedish Net War diary - P2P Consortium
		Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet is reporting an exclusive interview with an unnamed 17 year old high school student who claims it was him that took down the Swedish Police website as revenge for the raids against the Pirate Bay.
		Newspaper Aftonbladet reports that Antipiratbyrån, the Swedish antipiracy organization, is keeping a secret encrypted register in its Stockholm offices holding detailed records of the download activities of some 400,000 Swedes.
		Swedish TV reports that the Cultural Chief of Karlskrona, a city of 61,000 people in southern Sweden, reports himself voluntarily to the police, confessing publicly that he downloads music from the Internet.
	www.p2pconsortium.com /index.php?showtopic=9496 (2008 words)

	Additives - E-numbers: E252, E260, E270, E300,
		First isolated in 1780 by a Swedish chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, it is usually obtained commercially by heating and fermenting carbohydrates such as sucrose, molasses, starch, or whey.
		In brewing it is used to reduce losses of carbohydrates from germinated barley and for adding to the malt slurry to assist in making a beer of consistent quality.
		It is used as an antioxidant in the brewing industry where it improves the shelf life of beers and prevents haze development, a preservative in the meat industry where it helps maintain colour, an improving agent in the baking industry and also for inhibiting discolouration in cut fruits, fruit pulp and juices.
	www.laleva.cc /food/enumbers/E251-300.html (1068 words)

	Swedish Beer - an Introduction
		Since 1900 the Swedish brewing scene has been overshadowed by the anti-alcohol movement and various forms of state control.
		However, the industry continued to consolidate and by 1992 was down to 7 companies with just 10 breweries.
		The main changes were a raising of the tax-free class I upper limit from 2.25% to 2.8% alcohol and an increase in the duty on class II to the same rate as that for class III.
	www.xs4all.nl /~patto1ro/swedintr.htm (2856 words)

	History
		Although brewing dates back at least to the Mesopotamians, its medieval history may have begun in what is now the Czech Republic then spread further west.
		The secret of Czech beer is that agricultural conditions are ideal for growing hops, and chronicles establish their cultivation in Bohemia as early as 859 A.D., while the first evidence of their export dates back to 903.
		Feudal lords discovered that forcing their laborers to drink the manor brew was a clever way to line their pockets.The Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of northern Europe, devastated the Czech beer industry as well.
	www.geocities.com /bohemianbeertours/history1.htm (1257 words)

	Welcome to HomebrewAdventures.com - News
		Most of my articles were first-person accounts of my beer and brewing experiences (my wife and I traveled a fair amount back then).
		Not only is finding the time to brew difficult, I can't find the time to drink all that beer.
		Marty Nachel immediately dispels two long-held myths in Homebrewing for Dummies: brewing your own beer isn't all that difficult, and despite all that you may have heard or assumed, facial hair is not a prerequisite to being a good homebrewer.
	www.homebrew.com /articles/article01010001.shtml (1063 words)

	Wikinfo \| Beer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Where harsher flavours do exist in beer (most notably in those brewed in Yorkshire), these were traditionally mitigated by serving the beer through a hand pump that mixes air with the beer, oxidising it slightly and softening the flavour.
		However, since the resurgence of the commercial craft brewing industry in the 1980s, the United States now features many beers, offered by over 1500 brewpubs, microbreweries, and regional brewers.
		The success of the commercial craft brewing industry has led the large breweries to invest in smaller breweries such as Widmer, and to develop more complex beers of their own.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=beer (1793 words)

	Chapter IV. Brewing in Pennsylvania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To the excellent quality of this beer and the abundance of it may be attributed the fact that brewing had not, at that time, gained a foothold in West New Jersey, the colonists there drawing their supply from the Quaker brewers in the adjoining Colony.
		The use in brewing of molasses, sugar or honey was absolutely forbidden, and both the brewers and the brewing tavern keepers were compelled to give security ($500) for the faithful observance of the provisions of the act relating to permissible materials.
		Enough has already been said on this subject in the chapters on brewing in New England and more will be said in the two chapters on the decline of brewing and on the rise of lager beer to render unnecessary a more detailed account.
	brewery.org /library/ambeer/AB_05.html (1085 words)

	Beer
		Particularly in the trendier areas of the major cities, specialty brews, including a wide variety of ales, some by new divisions of the major brewers and some by new microbreweries, are beginning to become popular, as are some foreign beers.
		Where harsher flavours do exist in beer (most notably in those brewed in Yorkshire), these are traditionally mitigated by serving the beer through a hand pump fitted with a sparkler, a device that mixes air with the beer, oxidising it slightly and softening the flavour.
		The brewing traditions of England and the Netherlands (as brought to New York) ensured that the colonies would be dominated by beer drinking and not the imbibing of wine.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/b/be/beer.html (3958 words)

	Beer spat brewing in EU
		Swedish lobbyists have proposed higher EU-wide taxes and advertising restrictions for beer, a move Czech and other brewers oppose.
		Self-regulation, as opposed to restrictions such as an advertising ban and increased taxes, is the only efficient way to ensure that the brewing industry develops in a healthy way, according to Vincent LeFere, the managing director of Pivovary Staropramen, the country’s second largest brewing group.
		The brewing industry contributes significantly to the economy.
	www.cbw.cz /phprs/2006012316.html (572 words)

	Diamond State Brewery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Although Wilmington, Delaware, has never been known as a brewing industry center, the history of suds in the First State's only big city is a long and storied one.
		Beginning with the arrival of Swedish settlers in 1638, the brewing of beer was done primarily in homes.
		The two began brewing lager beer for Stoeckle's patrons in a small brewery that they constructed in the rear of the saloon.
	www.americanbreweriana.org /history/diamond.htm (2182 words)

	"Brew" Blog - Beer Industry Market Analysis, News and Commentary
		Miller Brewing Company is planning to expand distribution of the recently launched Henry Weinhard’s Organic Amber Premium Ale into San Francisco.
		That sort of growth shouldn’t be surprising given the growth of craft brews.
		Miller Chill, a refreshing, superpremium light beer brewed with a hint of lime and salt, is Miller’s take on a chelada, a classic Mexican beer recipe.
	www.brewblog.com /brew (1821 words)

	Swedish Massage \| News \| City \| The Stranger, Seattle's Only Newspaper
		Rebecca Duke, a family-practice physician at Swedish, says she was distressed when she was unable to cover her lesbian partner, another Swedish physician, who took six months off to have a baby.
		In early 2000, Swedish management was locked in contract negotiations with two of Swedish's unions--SEIU Local 1199NW, which represents the company's nurses, and SEIU Local 6, covering other employees.
		Presented with the data, Swedish human resources vice president Rena Irwin said she was impressed by the committee's evidence, and said she would recommend the company implement the policy, Miller says.
	www.thestranger.com /seattle/Content?oid=12725 (824 words)

	The Academy Bulletin
		Similarly, the Korean steel industry is equal in efficiency to ours, but all other Korean industries lag behind their US counterparts.
		But that average figure conceals differences among the industries of each country, related to differences in organization-and those differences are very instructuve Let me give you two examples from case studies on the German beer industry and the Japanese food-processing industry, carried out by the McKinsey Corporation, an economics study group based in Washington, DC.
		The German soap industry and consumer electronics industry are also inefficient; their companies are not exposed to competition with each other, nor are they exposed to foreign competition, and so they do not acquire the best practices of international industry.
	www.amacad.org /blviiin4/blviiin4_20.aspx (4529 words)

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