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Topic: Swedish iron ore WWII

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	Swedish iron ore during World War II - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Iron ore is extracted in Kiruna and Malmberget, and brought by rail to the harbours of Luleå and Narvik.
		For Germany, the import of Swedish iron-ore was of extreme importance in its attempts to rebuild its military strength, despite the stipulations presented in the Treaty of Versailles.
		The primary ports where Swedish iron-ore originated from were from the town of Narvik in the northern region of Norway on the North Sea and Luleå in Sweden on the Gulf of Bothnia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Swedish_iron_ore_(WWII) (887 words)

	sweden.htm — CPSWeb
		Swedish history was riddled with involvement in international affairs and military engagements, each more aggressive and victorious than the previous.
		Iron ore had always been SwedenÕs main source of income and most important industrial product, and the quality of Swedish ore was far superior to that of any of GermanyÕs other suppliers.
		[29] While ball bearings and iron ore were not strictly war materiel in the sense that their increased shipment to Germany would constitute a violation of the Hague Conventions, they were undeniably crucial supplies for Germany.
	www.college-prep.org /Program/academics/history/markel/sweden.htm (5316 words)

	Winter War xmpg.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Winter War (talvisota in Finnish language, vinterkriget in Swedish language) is considered by some a military disaster for the Soviet Union, and was interpreted by some as indicative of inherent weakness in the Soviet system.
		Perhaps most significant was the Swedish Voluntary Air Force (Winter War), in action from January 7, with 12 fighters, 5 bombers, and 8 other planes, amounting to a third of the Swedish Air Force of that time.
		The Swedish Cabinet also Sweden and the Winter War repeated pleas from the Finns for regular Swedish troops to be deployed in Finland, and in the end the Swedes also made it clear that their support in arms and munitions could not be maintained for much longer.
	winter.war.en.xmpg.org (4187 words)

	Northwest Historical Association (NWHA) - WW2 Reenacting Society
		German interests were also involved in iron ore transport from Narvik.
		The western Allies were displeased with the Norwegian and Swedish policies of neutrality regarding the shipping of this ore through Norwegian waters.
		In 1943, the Swedish authorities granted permission for the establishment and training of the so-called Norwegian "police" troops on Swedish soil.
	www.nwha.org /news_1Q2004/news_page9.html (1485 words)

	THR - Norwegian WWII Rifle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		September 8th, 2005 06:19 PM Sweden was well worth invading for it's location and superior iron ore but having a military system similar to Switzerlands made that a costly proposition.
		Swedish Mauser and the Ag42 is arguably superior to the arms Norway fielded but you have to admit the Norwegians were smart when it came to service pistols, they issued a 1911 clone in 45acp,I'd love to have one.
		September 8th, 2005 09:09 PM As a swede, I know that the germans were relying heavily on swedish iron ore, and that the krauts needed norways deep water ports.
	www.thehighroad.org /printthread.php?t=155218 (1214 words)

	The Soviet Navy of WWII - Topic Powered by eve community
		Swedish high grade ore with 65% iron content was sought after by many countries at the time before WW2 as it had several positive aspects in the steel manufacturing.
		Of the five Swedish ore vessels sunk in the Baltic in 1942, two were escorted by the Swedish navy; Lulea and Liljevalch.
		Iron ore laden ships often sank very fast when torpedoed why the loss of life often was big.
	forums.ubi.com /groupee/forums/a/tpc/f/23110283/m/6921081843 (4005 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The primary reason for Germany seeking the occupation of Norway was Germany's dependence on Swedish iron ore shipped from the Norwegian port of Narvik.
		First was the importance of the port of Narvik, from which large quantities of Swedish iron ore, on which Germany depended, were exported; this route was especially important during the winter months when the Baltic Sea was frozen over.
		The main goals of the invasion were to secure the ports and ore fields, with Narvik as a priority, and to establish firm control over the country to prevent collaboration with the Allies.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Norwegian_Campaign (7559 words)

	The Sami and World War II
		WWII was about the conquest of land and the conquest of peoples to rule over.
		Allied forces were concentrated on Narvik because it was evident that the British plan to retake the center of Norway could not work, for on April 26th, the German 196th Division, on the right of the 21st Corps, succeeded in joining up with the 181st Division on the left, south of Trondheim.
		These Swedish Sami ski troops were used by the Russians in Norway mostly as guides because of their excellent ability to navigate through harsh conditions in the snow and mountainous areas of Norway.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/sami/dieda/hist/wwii.htm (4371 words)

	Nazi Gold: Operation Andrew, Sweden and Nazi Gold"
		The high grade Swedish iron ore formed the basis of a strong and profitable connection between Sweden and the Nazis.
		The Riksdag, the Swedish Parliament, voiced its approval of Safehaven and in February 1945, Sweden began an inventory of its gold and foreign currency to see how much was linked to the Nazis.
		The Swedish challenge rested on the claim that some of this gold was acquired before the London Declaration.
	www.spiritone.com /~gdy52150/goldp5.html (3363 words)

	WWII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When Queen Margrethe spoke May 5 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the end of WWII, she reminded the Danes that they had had it much easier than others but that also in Denmark there were the abused and deported.
		The British who had planned to lay mines in Norwegian territorial waters and stop the Germans shipping Swedish iron ore from the icefree port of Narvik were also taken by surprise.
		The fact remains that Sweden saw no difficulty in exporting its iron rich ore and ball bearings that were of such vital importance to the Wehrmacht and it only agreed to the Allied's demands of cut-backs after the German defeat in Stalingrad.
	www.nordicway.com /search/WWII.htm (2658 words)

	History Forum > Why Was Ww2 Fought
		Hitler was certainly one of the phenomena of history, and was the first man to understand and exploit the politics of his mass age; he set up an ultra-right radical establishment that which won mass support and beat the radicals of the left on their own ground, something which earlier conservatives had failed to do.
		British military intelligence was, therefore, well aware of the logistics of the iron ore deliveries to Germany, and of its vital importance to Germany for any future full-scale war.
		It assured uninterrupted supply of Swedish iron ore to the steel mills of the Ruhr for the duration of the German war effort.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php?t3259.html (17093 words)

	bird supplies, bird toys, bird food, bird cages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Finland had long been part of the Swedish kingdom when it was conquered by Russia in 1809 and turned into an autonomous buffer state to protect the Russian capital.
		Perhaps most significant was the Swedish Voluntary Air Force, in action from January 7, with 12 fighters, 5 bombers, and 8 other planes, amounting to a third of the Swedish Air Force of that time.
		The Swedish Cabinet also decided to reject repeated pleas from the Finns for regular Swedish troops to be deployed in Finland, and in the end the Swedes also made it clear that their support in arms and munitions could not be maintained for much longer.
	www.birdsuppliesiworld.com /wiki3-Winter_War (4517 words)

	Axis History Factbook: Foreign volunteers in the Winter War
		In fact, the expeditionary force probably would have had as its main task ensuring the supplies of Swedish iron ore and helping Finland would have been merely an excuse to send a military force to Scandinavia.
		This policy suited well for the Swedish government since it would remain officially neutral but the general opinion willing to help Finland would also be taken to account.
		The Swedish unit with Norwegians thrown in was the only significant foreign unit to see action.
	www.axishistory.com /index.php?id=6299 (1836 words)

	[No title]
		The Swedish government has unveiled plans to cut the Swedish Army in half (this reflects the wartime mobilization strength).
		Critics note that the Swedish Army was cut in half in 1925, and by the time someone noticed Hitler just to their south, WWII had started and the Swedes were forced to make diplomatic concessions to Germany -- e.g., selling them high quality iron ore -- for lack of the military strength to resist.
		The Swedish government says that this reduction in draftees, training, reservists, and mobilization units will have no effect on the active duty armed forces.
	www.strategypage.com /htmw/htworld/articles/19991220.aspx (219 words)

	Swenson Swedish Immigration
		The most prominent and inclusive material is the clipping collection which documents Swedish cultural, political and economical developments as portrayed in the American press during 1920s-1960s.
		Speech on Sweden and WWII issues delivered by Naboth Hedin at the American Defense, Harvard Group, November 15, 1944; Criticism of Naboth Hedin's paper: "The race for the Iron Ore in the Case of Sweden during the Second World War.
		Presented by in Swedish by Torvald Höjer 26 October 1948; Speech delivered at a Banquet at the Chicago Club April 16, 1946 by Herman Eriksson.
	www.augustana.edu /swenson/archives/Findingaids/MSSP308.htm (1556 words)

	Baltic Shield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Later, the oceanic plateau, together with the volcanic arc complex built on top of it, were accreted to and obducted onto the continental crust of the Vodla block.
		The Baltic Shield yields important industrial minerals and ores, such as those of iron, nickel, copper and platinum group metals.
		Because of its similarity to the Canadian Shield and cratons of southern Africa and Western Australia, the Baltic Shield had long been a suspected source of diamonds and gold.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baltic_Shield (2297 words)

	Neutral Countries - WW2inColor Talk
		And major point was that Swedish iron ore was transported to Germany by Swedish ships and Allies could not touch them.
		IIRC the Swedes also had their iron ore mines rigged for demolition - or at least the Germans thought they did.
		As that was a large fraction of their iron ore supplies, they had good reasons not to invade (quite apart from the terrain being rather nasty and the Swedish army rather large).
	www.ww2incolor.com /forum/showthread.php?p=85560 (1298 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		The German war industry was completely dependent on Swedish ore, which in winter, when the Baltic Sea froze, could be shipped only via Narvik.
		Such an undertaking could be made to include the occupation of Narvik and of the Swedish ore fields almost automatically.
		The main force was to land at Narvik and advance along the ore railroad to its eastern terminus at Lulea, Sweden.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_3.html (5832 words)

	Norwegian WWII Rifle - THR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The most prevalent issued rifle during WWII in Norway had to be the K98.
		Sweden was well worth invading for it's location and superior iron ore but having a military system similar to Switzerlands made that a costly proposition.
		As a swede, I know that the germans were relying heavily on swedish iron ore, and that the krauts needed norways deep water ports.
	www.thehighroad.org /showthread.php?t=155218 (1441 words)

	A Beautiful Swedish Mind : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The resulting intelligence was used in framing Swedish wartime policy in the fields of defense, diplomacy, economic negotiations, and counterespionage...
		The Swedish cryptanalytical achievements are top class and therefore, it is only appropriate to put Sweden in the same league as the other cryptographic `superpowers' at the time: Poland, England, and the USA...
		The natural choice of the Swedish intelligence service was to place Beurling at the center of the group charged with breaking the G-Schreiber code.
	sf.indymedia.org /news/2003/08/1635819_comment.php (1076 words)

	Home > East Palo Alto, California, CA, 94303, East Palo Alto Real Estate, East Palo Alto Yellow Pages, East Palo ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the Swedish sovereignty this region lost all of its Russian ecclestial and bourgeois inhabitants and lots of its Russian Orthodox Karelian population some of it moving to Tver region.
		The reason was a wish to occupy the iron ore districts in Kiruna and Malmberget.
		In February 1940, the Allies offered to help: the Allied plan, approved on February 5 by the Allied High Command, consisted of 100,000 British and 35,000 French troops that were to disembark at the Norwegian port of Narvik and support Finland via Sweden while securing the supply routes along the way.
	www.eastpaloaltocaus.com /info/Winter_War (4924 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		They had long had their eyes on a mine at Kiruna in northern Sweden that was Germany’s main source of iron ore. In summer the ore went through the Baltic Sea, in winter to the ice-free Norwegian port of Narvik and then through neutral Norwegian waters to Germany.
		In the first week of June they were backed against the Swedish border and close to having to choose surrender or internment, but by then, military disasters in France were forcing the British and French to recall their troops from Narvik.
		The U.S. retaliated by prohibiting the exportation of steel, scrap iron, and aviation gasoline to Japan.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/us_history/worldwar2.html (5865 words)

	Indian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in WWII
		Therefore it was logical for the Axis powers during WWII to attempt to capitalize on anti-British sentiments by attempting to recruit a military force from disaffected Indian prisoners-of war captured while serving with the British Commonwealth forces in the North African campaign.
		One blockade runner was converted to resemble a iron ore carrier from neutral Sweden.
		A German agent in Capetown, South Africa had sent the order for the iron ore which was ostensibly for a real iron foundry in South Africa to Sweden so that verification checks by the British authorities showed everything to be in order.
	www.feldgrau.com /azadhind.html (2921 words)

	Israel Commentary: May 2006 Archives
		Swedish Defense Minister Leni Bj0rklund goes further: Sweden pulled out because Israel is a state "that does not participate in international peacekeeping missions" - in other words, if you're not already in the club you have no right to try and lend a helping hand.
		Of course, the Defense Minister is entirely wrong - nothing unusual in Swedish diplomatic circles - because Israel sent a peacekeeping force of policemen to Fiji in conjunction with that country's elections.
		This is perhaps the right time to remind ourselves that it was high-quality Swedish ore that powered Nazi Germany's war machine.
	www.israel-commentary.org /archives/2006_05.html (11855 words)

	The 11th Armored Division Guestbook
		Comments: Your webwsite is a godsend for the child of a WWII war veteran, soldier of the 11th Armored Division, 491st Armored Field Artillery, researching her father's military service history.
		I wanted to post something on this website, as he was a WWII veteran who served in the 11th Armored Division, 21st Armored Infantry Battalion as a technical sergeant.
		My son is in the 9th grade and wants to do a report on the 11th Armored and their role in WWII.
	www.11tharmoreddivision.com /gb20040129.htm (10842 words)

	Alternate Campaigns: Eastern Europe
		Up to the beginning of WWII, they had bought equipment for their air force.
		Germany can catch the Swedes at a large aerial disadvantage, in that most of their aircraft supply had been cut off by the war (US embargo, Italian and Germans keeping Swedish orders for their own use), and domestic aircraft production was just gearing up.
		On the other hand, the Luftwaffe is stretched rather thin at this point, with a few aircraft left in the West, the bulk in Russia, and some in Africa.
	uncleted.jinak.cz /altcamp2.htm (2436 words)

	December2003
		The first 50 pages are devoted to the history of the line, its locomotives and ore cars, the remainder to excellent photographs of trains in the grand scenery, 112 pages A4 landscape format, hardcover, cased.
		The text covers the post WWII period — the author has followed the Danish railway scene as a journalist for 30 years and is very critical about missed opportunities and costly mismanagement.
		A unique and enthralling anthology compiled by WWII flying ace, Laddie Lucas, Voices in the Air’ tells the story of the air battles of the Second World War in the voices of those who took part.
	transpressbooks.homestead.com /December2003.html (5148 words)

	.:DANEgerus Weblog:. Colonic Conservatism for those whose ignorance tilts Left Comments Page
		The supply of high grade Swedish iron ore was vital for the Nazis.
		So vital in fact that the Nazis delayed the invasion of the Low Countries in order to invade Demark and Norway to protect the shipping route for the Swedish ore. S & K bearings was another company that enjoyed a profitablle relati0nship with the Nazis.
		Evidently the logic was that to fight in the US armed services under any circumstances constituted naziism.
	www.danegerus.com /weblog/Comments.asp?svComment=9918 (563 words)

	Teacher told to drop Star of David (Norway - might offend Muslims) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The brave WWII Norwegian pilots are spinning in their graves.
		The 'humanitarian cause' exuse for blattant agression is a pale echo of one used by Hitler in 1938 -Hitler also invaded Czechoslovakia under the pretext of the humanitarian concern for ethnic Germans.
		Serb civilians, victims of the Nazis in WWII and victims of democratic Norway in 1999 got their livelihoods destroyed.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1071943/posts (8271 words)

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