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Topic: Swedish neutrality during World War II

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	Swedish neutrality - Biocrawler
		During the First War of Schleswig, from 1848 to 1851, Swedish troops were located on Jutland as support for Denmark against Prussian-supported rebels; however, the Swedes never experienced any combat.
		Voices for neutrality dominated the public debate, but Queen Victoria and some conservatives were strong advocates for entrance in the war on the German side, and the government's policy had a clearly pro-German slant.
		It was first believed that the Swedish government dropped Sandler due to his outspoken comments on the government's policies, and the German press' allegations that Sandler was pro-British; however, in reality it was Sandler who requested permission to retire from the Swedish cabinet, because the government did not represent Sandler's anti-neutral views.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Swedish_neutrality (1922 words)

	Neutrality Bibliography
		In Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die Schweiz: Redun and Analysen (World War II and Switzerland: speeches and analysis), 7-14.
		Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die Schweiz: Redun and Analysen (World War II and Switzerland: speeches and analysis).
		In Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die Schweiz: Redun and Analysen (World War II and Switzerland: speeches and analysis), 15-22.
	www.archives.gov /research/holocaust/bibliographies/neutrality.html (2420 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Neutral country - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The concept of neutrality in conflicts must be distinguished from that of non-alignment, i.e., the willful desistence from military alliances in order to preserve neutrality in case of war, and perhaps with the hope of preventing a war altogether.
		The concept of neutrality in war is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return for the internationally recognized right to remain neutral.
		Their fulfillment to the letter of the rules of neutrality have been questioned: Ireland supplied some important secret information to the Allies; for instance, the date of D-Day was decided on the basis of incoming Atlantic weather information secretly supplied to them by Ireland but kept from Germany.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Neutral_country (729 words)

	WORLD WAR II,
		More than any previous war, World War II involved the commitment of nations’ entire human and economic resources, the blurring of the distinction between combatant and noncombatant, and the expansion of the battlefield to include all of the enemy’s territory.
		In the main, however, the war was fought with the same or improved weapons of the types used in World War I. The greatest advances were in aircraft and tanks.
		War games had indicated that victory could be achieved in about ten weeks, which was significant because the Russian summer, the ideal time for fighting in the USSR, was short, and the Balkans operations had caused a 3-week delay at the outset.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=226140 (13707 words)

	History of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the seventh and eighth centuries, the Swedes were merchant seamen well known for their far-reaching trade.
		During this period Sweden developed a tradition of non-alignment in peacetime and neutrality in war.
		During and after World War I, in which Sweden remained neutral, the country benefited from the worldwide demand for Swedish steel, ball bearings, wood pulp, and matches.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/sweden.html (933 words)

	NN: History - Norway and World War II
		Popular resistance during the war was also bolstered by the knowledge that King Haakon, and the Nygaardsvold government, had resolutely answered "no" to the German demands for submission after the invasion.
		During a visit to Hitler in Berlin in the winter of 1939-40, the leader of the national socialist Nasjonal Samling Party, Vidkun Quisling, had pointed out how valuable it would be for Germany to occupy Norway.
		During one period, Norwegian vessels were transporting more than 30 per cent of all the oil under shipment from the USA to Great Britain.
	www.madein.no /worldwar.htm (3162 words)

	War -
		Following World War II yet another conference produced the four 1949 Geneva Conventions dealing, respectively, with the wounded and sick on land, with the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked at sea, with prisoners of war, and with civilians.
		A prisoner of war is entitled to decent and humane treatment, to be evacuated from the combat zone, and to be granted rights and duties as similar as possible to those of the armed forces of the detaining power.
		World War II illustrated that civilians in occupied territory were largely unprotected by the laws of war.
	cyberspacei.com /jesusi/peace/war/theory/war_law.htm (7005 words)

	The Swedish Army - The uniforms worn during World War Two
		Following the First World War, Sweden allowed its armed forces to sink to a very low period of preparedness; in 1924 conscription was reduced to four month, only being raised to six month in 1936 when it was becoming obvious that international tension was growing.
		German aircraft flying across Swedish territory were fired on with little effect, although during the war a number of Allied and Axis aircraft crashed, or were brought down, when flying over Sweden.
		During this campaign Sweden resisted German demands to be allowed to send troops through Sweden, although after the Norwegian surrender German "humanitarian" traffic was allowed to travel over Swedish railways into Norway.
	www.chakoten.dk /sve_unif_wwii.html (1549 words)

	Co-Opting Nazi Germany: Neutrality in Europe During World War II
		For example, Switzerland adopted "differentiated" neutrality in 1920, a decision which indicated a willingness to employ economic sanctions to communicate disapprobation of another nation; in 1938 the Swiss embraced "integral," or supposedly unconditional, neutrality.
		However, during the war, there appeared suddenly a large number of pictures of the German school and it was in Switzerland that he bought his best Cranachs.
		The Swedish economy was, for a number of years, almost fully integrated into the Nazis' New Order; the country supplied Germany with high-grade iron ore (30 percent of that used by the German armaments industry), as well as ball bearings, foodstuffs, wood, and many other raw materials.
	www.adl.org /Braun/dim_14_1_neutrality_europe.asp (4652 words)

	Neutral country - Gurupedia
		A neutral country takes no side in a war between other parties, and in return hopes to avoid being attacked by either of them.
		The concept of neutrality in war is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return for the internationally recognized right to remain neutral.
		Sweden and Switzerland remained neutral of the countries closest to the war.
	www.gurupedia.com /n/ne/neutrality.htm (363 words)

	World War II
		Hired and Fired: The Effects of World War II on Women's Employment in the United States
		The Netherlands in World War II: A Bibliography
		The greatest armored tank battle of World War II took place near the village of Prokhorovka.
	members.aol.com /TeacherNet/WWII.html (2533 words)

	History: The 20th century
		During the period from 1900 to the outbreak of World War I, parlamentarism had become praxis in Sweden.
		During the first years of the twenties, Sweden, like the rest of Europe was seriously affected by the Depression.
		World War II When World War II broke out in 1939, Sweden's defence was in poor condition, mainly because of the reduction in the forces in 1925.
	www.sverigeturism.se /smorgasbord/smorgasbord/society/history/20th.html (1725 words)

	Wikinfo \| World War II:Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a war fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe and, during much of the 1930s and 1940s, in Asia.
		The war in Europe began in earnest on September 1, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, and concluded on September 2, 1945, with the official surrender of the last Axis nation, Japan.
		The war ravaged civilians more severely than any previous conflict and served as a backdrop for genocidal killings by Nazi Germany as well as several other mass slaughters of civilians which, although not technically genocide, were significant.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=World_War_II (4043 words)

	Snapshot of Europe: Sweden
		After several wars and disputes between the nations, the King Gustav I of Sweden (Vasa) ultimately broke free in 1521 and established a nation state, considered the Foundation of modern Sweden, and shortly thereafter carrying through a Protestant Reformation.
		In the 20th century, Sweden remained neutral during World War I and World War II and continued to stay non-aligned during the Cold War – still today not being a member of any military alliance.
		Following the second World War, Sweden made use of its natural resources and undemolished state, making it possible to expand its industry to supply the rebuilding of Europe, leading to Sweden being one of the richest countries in the world by 1960.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Europeweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Europe40.htm (729 words)

	Neutral country Information
		The concept of neutrality in conflicts must be distinguished from that of non-alignment, i.e.
		The concept of neutrality in war is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return for the internationally recognized right to remain neutral.
		Their fulfillment to the letter of the rules of neutrality have been questioned: Ireland supplied some important secret information to the Allies; for instance, the date of D-Day was decided on the basis of incoming Atlantic weather information secretly supplied to them by Ireland but kept from Germany.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Neutral_country (466 words)

	World Peace Foundation
		Neutrality is a way of life, saying that there is something to both sides of a tension or conflict.
		The Swedish country survived the war years by having a firm stand against the 'Divide and Rule' paradigm propaganda from both sides, (originating from the 'Beast' financing both sides).
		During the Cold War years there were revolts both in Czechoslovakia and Hungary.
	www.peace.se /on_neutrality.html (867 words)

	STALINISM -- BEFORE AND DURING WORLD WAR II
		Between World War I and World War II the protracted equilibrium which had tolerated a Soviet Union in a capitalist world had begun also to engender illusions that the soviets could coexist peacefully for an indefinite period with the rest of the world.
		During World War I the opportunist socialists had banged their heads in vain against the wall of that problem, each nationalist socialist group maintaining that it was "their" country that was being attacked.
		During this period, after the death of Lenin, the line of the Comintern was clearly stated by Bukharin in 1926: "When Germany, defeated and subjugated, reduced to the status of a semi-colonial country, resisted the imperialism of the victorious Entente, in manifestos, declarations, etc., the supreme bodies of the Soviet power publicly declared their sympathy.
	www.weisbord.org /Stalinism.htm (19715 words)

	World Leaders Remembering the Shoah
		The disturbing rise of neo-Nazism, even in the placid Scandinavian societies, noted by the Swedish premier lent urgency to the discussions at an unprecedented gathering of government leaders and scholars from 47 countries that met Jan. 26-28 in the Swedish capital.
		The Swedish premier also announced that the government would investigate the issue of Swedes who fought for the Nazi SS during the war, and the flight of war criminals from Nazi Germany and the Baltic states into Sweden at the end of the war.
		During the memorial ceremony in the Stockholm synagogue, Persson concluded by talking about the Holocaust monument in Stockholm, which consists of 8,500 names of Shoah victims — the names provided by their living relatives residing in Sweden — chiseled into a 135-foot long wall that runs along one side of the Great Synagogue.
	www.chgs.umn.edu /Educational_Resources/Curriculum/Stockholm_International_Forum/Article_1/article_1.html (2894 words)

	Sweden (01/07)
		The Swedish parliament (Riksdag) stems from tribal courts (Ting) and the election of kings in the Viking age.
		Swedish law, drawing on Germanic, Roman, and Anglo-American law, is neither as codified as in France and other countries influenced by the Napoleonic Code, nor as dependent on judicial practice and precedents as in the United States.
		Swedish foreign policy is based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain neutral in the event of war.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2880.htm (4980 words)

	World War I - Other Countries
		But "Rome's services failed to adapt to the new cryptologic world created" by World War II and "were left in the dust" of the services that participated in the "organizational and technological revolution" that began in the 1930s and was accelerated by the war.
		During World War I, the Vatican "depended upon the ordinary mails or, where possible, the diplomatic messengers of other states....
		The Contributions of the Cryptographic Bureaus in the World War.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /worldwari_folder/wwiother.html (1016 words)

	YouTube - THE SWEDISH NEUTRALITY 1939-1945
		Had I led Sweden during WWII hovever, i would have helped any nordic country that was attacked.
		Swedish neutrality is becouse of the great nordic war were only a few hundred swedes out of 40000 came back to sweden.
		The rest died in russia from cold, starvation and battles, or became prisoners of war.
	www.youtube.com /?v=nNwv5rqD3Y8 (422 words)

	FW: World War II Minor Power Air Forces
		They expected their declared neutrality would keep them out of the war and out of need for a larger, more modern air force.
		By mid war, this ha dchanged a bit to a mix of lighter (2-100 kg) weapons with a few medium (250 and 500 Kg) weapons.
		During the Russo-Finnish War, Sweden gave (lent) a number of Gladiators and Harts to Finland, flown by volunteer pilots released from military service.
	world.std.com /~Ted7/minoraf.htm (1918 words)

	Swedish Signal Intelligence, 1900–1945 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is published in English and charts the path of a neutral Sweden as it sought to keep a fine balance between the Russians and Germans in World War I and the Allies and Germans in World War II.
		The Swedes reorganized their military repeatedly during the interwar years in response to potential adversaries and developed a SIGINT organization that would serve it well during World War II.
		Among the smaller neutral nations of World War II, Sweden was the most ready to tackle SIGINT challenges at the beginning of the Cold War, and may have come closest to matching the British successes of Bletchley Park.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/bookrev/mckay.html (729 words)

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