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Topic: Sweet birch

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Birch

Silver birch

Methyl salicylate

Pyrolaceae

Gaultheria

	Birch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Birch is used as a food plant by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species, see List of Lepidoptera which feed on Birches.
		Birch tar, extracted from birch bark, was used as a lubricant and for medicinal purposes.
		Birch twigs were bound in a bundle, also called birch, to be used for birching, a form of corporal punishment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Birch (717 words)

	Sweet Birch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sweet Birch (Betula lenta), also known as Cherry Birch or Black Birch, is a species of birch native to eastern North America, from southern Maine west to southernmost Ontario and southern Michigan, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia.
		Sweet Birch was used commercially in the past for production of oil of wintergreen before modern industrial synthesis; the tree's name reflects this scent of the shoots.
		Birch sap can be boiled the same as maple sap, but its syrup is stronger (like molasses).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Betula_lenta (242 words)

	Untitled Document
		Sweet birch has attractive, dark shiny red, almost fl bark that looks like that of the cherry tree and may be smooth or scaly plated.
		Sweet birch should not be pruned in spring because it "bleeds" excessively.
		The wintergreen produced from sweet birch is identical to that produced by the wintergreen plant.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/Horticulture/kytreewebsite/commonnamefiles/text/blentainfo.htm (468 words)

	Plant Information Center - NC Trees - Sweet Birch
		Sweet birch, also known as fl birch or cherry birch, occurs only in the highlands and mountains of our state.
		Sweet birch leaves are oval to oblong, 2 1/2 to 5 inches long and are sharply toothed.
		Sweet birch is considered inferior to yellow birch for manufacturing purposes but is considered one of the best for firewood because of its wintergreen odor.
	www.ibiblio.org /pic/NCTrees/sweetbirch.htm (249 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : Sweet Birch
		A study of the effects of the 1930 drought on oak forests in central Pennsylvania indicated that sweet birch is intermediate in drought resistance.
		Sweet birch is easily damaged by ground fires because it has extremely thin bark.
		Sweet birch is used for furniture, cabinets, boxes, woodenware, handles, and millwork, such as interior finish and flush doors.
	wildwnc.org /trees/Betula_lenta.html (2299 words)

	Birch Trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Birches are graceful and elegant trees, often used in the landscape because of their attractive bark and small leaves, that flutter in the slightest breeze.
		This is a dwarf cultivar of the River Birch and relatively new.
		Birch are bleeders and should not be cut in the spring the sap is flowing.
	www.hortsource.com /birch_trees.htm (3542 words)

	Birch hardwood lumber 4/4 8/4 kiln dried domestic wood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The wood of yellow birch and sweet birch is heavy, hard and strong, while that of paper birch is lighter, and less hard, strong and stiff.
		Paper birch is easy to work with hand tools; sweet birch and yellow birch are difficult to work with hand tools and difficult to glue, but easily machined.
		Uses: Yellow and sweet birch lumber and veneer are used principally in the manufacture of furniture, boxes, baskets, crates, woodenware, cooperage, interior finish, and doors.
	www.righteouswoods.com /birch.html (469 words)

	Birch Wood Flooring from County Floors - Exotic and Domestic
		However, sweet birch (betula lenta) and paper birch (betula papyrifera) are also frequently used for this purpose.
		The sapwood of yellow birch ranges from pale white to creamy yellow, while the heartwood tends to be a light-reddish brown with a red tinge.
		By contrast, the sapwood of sweet birch is light-colored, whereas the heartwood is dark brown with a red tinge.
	www.countyfloors.com /species_birch.html (302 words)

	Sweet Birch (Betula lenta)
		Birch has been regarded as a medicinal plant in Siberia and Russia for centuries, and was often used to help eliminate pain associated with arthritis.
		Birch pure essential oil has a fresh and crisp aroma that is reminiscent of wintergreen.
		Birch pure essential oil should never be used on the skin undiluted.
	www.wildwaystudio.com /ingredient_info/EO_pages/sweetBirch.html (333 words)

	Birch Notes
		Birches can be planted close to the house or buildings, a stand alone accent in the yard, and used to contrast other plants or building characterisitics.
		The birches are planted nationwide, in almost all plant zones, because the beauty of their white trunks is unique and adds an elegance in the landscape design.
		The white birches are still the most widely planted tree in the country for ornamental purposes, and for the most part, they will live out their lives without any problems.
	www.cdr3.com /birch/bi00003.htm (1757 words)

	Ohio Trees, Bulletin 700-00, Betula – Birch
		The sweet birch is also known as fl birch or cherry birch and occurs in the coves and deep ravine pockets of the sandstone and shale formations of eastern Ohio.
		River birch is resistant to the bronze birch borer.
		The European birch is not as well-adapted to Ohio landscapes as the native canoe or paper birch.
	ohioline.osu.edu /b700/b700_24.html (1198 words)

	Smoky Mountain News \| Mountain Voices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Birch stills were used to produce the extract known variously as birch oil or oil of wintergreen.
		The problem with birch distilling, however, was the devastating amounts of sweet birch required to produce a single quart of oil.
		A recipe for birch beer that reads as follows appears in several sources: “Tap the trunk as the Sugar Maple is tapped, in spring when the sap is rising and the buds are just swelling; jug the sap and throw in a handful of shelled corn, and natural fermentation...
	www.smokymountainnews.com /issues/05_03/05_07_03/mtn_voices.html (730 words)

	Shenandoah National Park - Nature & Science
		Sweet Birch bark is non-peeling and lustrous reddish-fl.
		Furthermore, Sweet Birch bark is smooth and prominently encircled with horizontal lenticels (corky spots which allow gas exchange with the air) reminiscent of cherry bark (Grimm, 2002).
		In the southern reaches of its range, it is mostly found in the cooler highlands (Little, 1996) Sweet Birch is tolerant of acidic and clayey soils and prefers cool and moist uplands.
	www.nps.gov /shen/pphtml/21highlights568.html (570 words)

	Betula sp. --Birch
		Birches are pioneer trees, meaning that they grow in open fields, and grow rather quickly at that.
		Birches are much loved for bonsai because of their elegant beauty, but as I and other posters can personally attest, they do not take easily to pot culture.
		Birches like a lot of light, although some shade is advisable in the hottest areas or in midsummer.
	www.bonsaiweb.com /care/faq/betula.html (2560 words)

	Mother Earth News Forum - Sweet Birch Trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Birch tar is used in Europe for all types of chronic skin complaints: psoriasis, eczema, etc. In Scandinavia the young birch leaflets and twigs are used in the sauna to tone the skin and promote the circulation.
		Birch is known to help dull pain by delaying the "pain" messages from reaching your central nervous system.
		Use Birch in foot baths and foot massage oils -it is tingling, pain-relieving, circulation-promoting, which soften calluses and soothe tired feet.
	www.motherearthnews.com /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=4805 (1470 words)

	[No title]
		Although birch is completely unrelated to wintergreen, they are almost identical in their chemical constituents.
		The essential oil of sweet birch is extracted by steam distillation of the bark which has been macerated in warm water.
		Sweet birch has a limited use as a counter-irritant in anti-arthritic and antineuralgic ointments and analgesic balms.
	www.hummingbirdsoap.com /ingredients/sweetbirch.html (249 words)

	Birch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In times past, commercial oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) was made from the sweet birch, Betula lenta.
		Betula papyrifera -- white birch (or paperbark birch)
		Betula pendula -- Silver birch, is native to Europe and parts of Asia.
	www.backyardagora.com /glossary/birch.htm (129 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Reclassification of the Virginia Round-Leaf Birch ...
		The round-leaf birch was not collected or observed during the 1950s and 1960s, and was assumed to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 1975 along the banks of Cressy Creek, approximately 2 kilometers (1 mile) from the type locality (Ogle and Mazzeo 1976).
		Given the present status of round-leaf birch and current knowledge of its life history, this condition is projected to be met by the year 2010 in both the natural and additional populations.
		Seeds were collected from six round-leaf birch mother trees and four sweet birch mother trees, germinated in greenhouse conditions, and held in cultivation for two to three growing seasons before transplanting to the cleared areas in 1984 and 1985.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1994/November/Day-16/pr-43.html (4197 words)

	Our Birch Trees
		The beauty of Birch trees is almost unsurpassed in most landscapes, whether it is in the mountains, or your own back yard.
		All of the birch trees can be planted in the "classic 3 clump", or clumps of 2 to 5 trees, planted along a driveway or a fence line, or just dotted among the yard for shade.
		Birch and aspen will root-graft to themselves, no problem with that at all, so don't be concerned.
	www.cdr3.com /birch/bi00001.htm (792 words)

	The Bronze Birch Borer and Its Management
		Unfortunately, birch are often stressed in the urban environment and become susceptible to a devastating insect, the bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius).
		Bronze birch borer overwinters in feeding galleries as a mature larva, pupating in early spring.
		Ideal locations for birch trees are sites where the soil will remain cool and moist, but where the tree will receive full sunshine on its leaves most of the day.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG1417.html (1315 words)

	Grow your own Birch Trees from seeds
		Sweet birch, also commonly referred to as fl birch or cherry birch, was at one time the only source of oil of wintergreen.
		It is the aroma of wintergreen emanating from crushed leaves and broken twigs to which this birch owes its common name, sweet.
		This birch is the most shade-tolerant of its family, needing only a few hours of sunlight.
	www.seedman.com /betula.htm (1008 words)

	Birch Sweet Essential Oil
		Birch Sweet has a sweet, sharp, minty scent that is very fresh and similar to Wintergreen.
		Birch bark was historically used by North American native people as a tonic and beverage to bring on a sweat and to induce heating.
		Birch Sweet is potentially toxic and may cause skin irritation.
	www.aroma-pure.com /birch_sweet.htm (256 words)

	Birch, Sweet, Essential Oil - Pure Pro: Quality, Professional Massage Products, Esthetician, Alternative Health & ...
		Sweet Birch Essential Oil exudes all its healing attributes direct from the bark of the common birch tree.
		As a single note Sweet Birch is simultaneously medicinal and brightly sweet, making it perfect for the treatment of muscle and joint soreness.
		Sweet Birch is also an unique oil to use in a diffuser to ease congestion.
	www.purepro.com /298 (142 words)

	Bronze Birch Borer
		Bronze birch borers are known to attack all native and introduced birch species, although birch susceptibility varies.
		Generally, the white-barked birches are more susceptible than those without white bark such as river birch, sweet birch and yellow birch.
		Bronze birch borers are primarily phloem or inner bark borers.
	www.yardener.com /BronzeBirchBorer.html (452 words)

	Landowner Fact Sheets - sweet birch
		Sweet birch, also known as fl birch, is a deciduous tree of northeastern forests primarily known for the wintergreen aroma that comes from the leaves and twigs when they are crushed or torn.
		Sweet birch is used similarly to yellow birch.
		Early settlers fancied the supple spring growth of sweet birch for use "flossing" between sporadic remnants of teeth.
	www.fw.vt.edu /dendro/landownerfactsheets/detail.cfm?genus=Betula&species=lenta (225 words)

	SWEET BIRCH
		Sweet Birch is a little known tree that has excellent potential for landscape use.
		It is resistant to bronze birch borer, an insect pest which frequently damages white barked birches.
		Sweet Birch is native to the eastern United States.
	www.mnpower.com /treebook/fact16.html (126 words)

	Betula lenta L.
		Sweet Birch oil is used as a counter irritant for arthralgia and neuralgia, usually in balms, liniments, and ointments.
		Birch tar oil, distilled from the wood and bark of Betula pendula Roth is used for eczema, psoriasis, and other skin diseases.
		Birch seed is collected by picking or stripping the cones while they are still green (to prevent shattering).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/Betula_lenta.html (1113 words)

	Birch
		Birches are much loved for bonsai because of their elegant beauty, but they do not take easily to pot culture.
		Betula nana: dwarf birch, Arctic birch - The dwarf birch is especially recommended for bonsai because of its tiny leaves, which show a fine red-gold autumn color.
		Betula papyrifera: paper birch, white birch, canoe birch: The shiny white bark of this birch was used by Native Americans to build canoes, hence the name.
	www.bonsai-bci.com /species/birch.html (1057 words)

	winemaking: requested recipes (Birch Sap Wine)
		The sweet birch (Betula lenta) grows in moist woods from Maine to Kentucky.
		Despite its name, the sap is not very sweet but it is abundant and contains a flavor similar to wintergreen that makes a distinctive wine.
		The paper birch (Betula papyrifera) is another northern species found across Canada and down to Ohio and New Jersey.
	winemaking.jackkeller.net /request133.asp (594 words)

	Emily Care Boss - Birches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		From Robert Frost's image of birches bent by being swung on by children, to countless watercolors of the riotous color of Autumnal forest edges, interspersed with the striking white bark of a birch.
		Paper birch grow to be moderately tall, stately trees, with the characteristic peeling white bark that gives them their name.
		Grey Birch are small trees, that bend easily under the weight of ice in the winter, often remaining at an angle.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~ecboss/birch.html (542 words)

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