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Topic: Sweetgum

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	Ohio Trees - Sweetgum
		Sweetgum, native to the lower two-thirds of the Eastern United States and parts of Mexico, is only found naturally in Ohio in its southernmost counties, but is planted throughout most of the state as a shade tree prized for its brilliant fall colors and rapid growth.
		Sweetgum has star-shaped leaves that are alternate, five-lobed, finely serrated, on long petioles, and with a shiny dark green color in summer.
		Sweetgum, with separate male and female flowers on the same tree (a monoecious species), does not flower or fruit appreciably for the first fifteen or so years of its life.
	www.ohiodnr.com /forestry/trees/sweetgum.htm (472 words)

	Sweetgum
		Sweetgum is easily recognized by its star-shaped leaves and its woody, spiny, ball-like fruit.
		Sweetgum is a large tree that reaches 80' to 150' in height.
		The bark on the sweetgum tree is gray and deeply furrowed, separated by narrow scaly ridges.
	www.sfrc.ufl.edu /4h/Sweetgum/sweetgum.htm (344 words)

	Woodshop News– The News Magazine For Professional Woodworkers \| Archives \| Article \| Sweetgum: unsung wood of the ...
		Sweetgum is a regional hardwood species that has a limited clientele, and is sold separately as red gum and sap gum.
		The downside of sweetgum is that it is a poor steam-bending wood and requires close attention during a longer-than-normal drying process.
		Sweetgum is normally sold in widths of 6" to 10" and lengths from 8' to 16'.
	www.woodshopnews.com /ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=2593E13D061C4EAEB7893E7F912D35F4&nm=Archives&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=B2B5B9542F124153831DEE4DA56964BB (656 words)

	Liquidambar styraciflua L
		It is this slow, early growth of sweetgum plantations that is of concern to silviculturists because it necessitates expensive cultivation to reduce weed competition and thereby maintain acceptable survival until height growth begins.
		The average 10-year diameter growth for overmature sweetgum in the southern region was reported to be 4.8 cm (1.9 in), and for immature trees of medium to high vigor, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) (16).
		Sweetgum is used principally for lumber, veneer, plywood, slack cooperage, railroad ties, fuel, and pulpwood.
	www.na.fs.fed.us /spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/liquidambar/styraciflua.htm (3131 words)

	American Sweetgum - Biocrawler
		American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also known as Redgum or Liquid Amber, is a deciduous tree in the sweetgum genus native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America.
		American Sweetgum has been introduced to many parts of the world, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, Uruguay and Zimbabwe.
		Numerous cultivars of American Sweetgum have been selected, with 'Burgundy', 'Palo Alto', 'Moraine', 'Rotundiloba' and 'Worplesdon' among the most common.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/American_Sweetgum (597 words)

	Ohio Trees - Sweetgum
		Sweetgum, native to the lower two-thirds of the Eastern United States and parts of Mexico, is only found naturally in Ohio in its southernmost counties, but is planted throughout most of the state as a shade tree prized for its brilliant fall colors and rapid growth.
		Sweetgum has star-shaped leaves that are alternate, five-lobed, finely serrated, on long petioles, and with a shiny dark green color in summer.
		Sweetgum, with separate male and female flowers on the same tree (a monoecious species), does not flower or fruit appreciably for the first fifteen or so years of its life.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/trees/sweetgum.htm (472 words)

	Liquidambar styraciflua: Sweetgum
		Sweetgum grows in a narrow pyramid to a height of 75 feet and may spread to 50 feet.
		Sweetgum makes a nice conical park, campus or residential shade tree for large properties when it is young, developing a more oval or rounded canopy as it grows older as several branches become dominant and grow in diameter.
		Although it grows at a moderate pace, Sweetgum is rarely attacked by pests, and tolerates wet soils, but chlorosis is often seen in alkaline soils.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /ST358 (945 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : Sweetgum
		Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also called redgum, sapgum, starleaf-gum, or bilsted, is a common bottom-land species of the South where it grows biggest and is most abundant in the lower Mississippi Valley.
		It is this slow, early growth of sweetgum plantations that is of concern to silviculturists because it necessitates expensive cultivation to reduce weed competition and thereby maintain acceptable survival until height growth begins.
		The average 10-year diameter growth for overmature sweetgum in the southern region was reported to be 4.8 cm (1.9 in), and for immature trees of medium to high vigor, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) (16).
	wildwnc.org /trees/Liquidambar_styraciflua.html (3112 words)

	Tree Details—The Tree Guide at arborday.org
		The Sweetgum tree, with its star-shaped leaves, neatly compact crown, interesting fruit, and twigs with unique corky growths called wings, is an attractive shade tree.
		Sweetgum has become a prized shade tree in parks, campuses and around residences with space for large trees.
		American sweetgum seeds are eaten by eastern goldfinches, purple finches, sparrows, mourning doves, northern bobwhites, and wild turkeys.
	www.arborday.org /trees/treeguide/TreeDetail.cfm?ID=129 (446 words)

	Sweetgum - DirtDoctor.com - Howard Garrett - The Dirt Doctor
		Sweetgum will adapt to sand or clay soils as long as they are deep and not associated with shallow white limestone rock.
		Sweetgum normally grows in low bottom lands and moist soil areas.
		Sweetgum is a source of a fragrant gum obtained from the inner bark and the wood.
	www.dirtdoctor.com /view_question.php?id=945 (540 words)

	Sweetgum Information Sheet \| Tree Information Sheets
		Timber: Sweetgum is primarily used for lumber, veneer, plywood, slack cooperage, railroad ties, fuel and pulpwood.
		Sweetgum is distributed throughout the east and southeast portions of the United States.
		Pests and Potential Problems Sweetgum is susceptible to iron chlorosis on high pH soils, frost damage to late summer shoot growth, occasional bleeding necrosis, leader dieback, sweetgum blight, leaf spots, sweetgum webworm, caterpillars, cottony-cushion scale, sweetgum scale, and walnut scale.
	www.gardenguides.com /plants/factsheets/trees/factsheet.asp?symbol=LIST2 (650 words)

	Genotypic Effects of Fertilization on Seedling Sweetgum Biomass Allocation, N Uptake, and N Use Efficiency
		A pot experiment was conducted to test the effects of N and P application on sweetgum biomass allocation, N uptake, and N use efficiency (NUE) using two half-sib families.
		Seedlings from two half-sib families (F10022 and F10023) that were known to have contrasting responses to fertility and other stress treatments were used for an experiment with two levels of N (0 vs. 100 kg N/ha equivalent) and two levels of P (0 vs. 50 kg P/ha equivalent) in a split-plot design.
		Sweetgum seedlings responded to N and P treatments rapidly, with increases in both size and biomass production, and those responses were greater with F10023 than with F10022.
	www.thescientificworld.com /SCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL/toc/TSWJ_ArticleLanding.asp?jid=141&FromPage=Search&ArticleId=583&navFrom=Search&From=Result&toggleArticleCloud=1 (433 words)

	Pitzer College - News Center
		Sweetgum balls — those prickly, prolific seed pods of the sweetgum tree that are the bane of barefoot living throughout the South — may have a redeeming feature after all.
		Sweetgums can bear seeds — inside those pesky gumballs — until they are 150.
		As enthusiastic as he is about the sweetgum tree's potential contribution to world health, Poon has a word of caution for anyone who has visions of a gumball gold mine littering their lawn.
	www.pitzer.edu /news_center/in_the_news/05-06-academic_year/2006_04_06-poon.asp (824 words)

	Floridata: Liquidambar styraciflua
		Sweetgum is a large deciduous hardwood tree that can grow to height over 100 ft (30.5 m).
		Sweetgum foliage turns deep red to burgundy in autumn while the inset shows two of the spikey fruits a'danglin from the tree.
		Sweetgum is noted for its fast growth, large size, and beautiful fall colors.
	www.floridata.com /ref/l/liquidam.cfm (500 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Sweetgum (Liquidambar) is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Altingiaceae, though formerly often treated in the Hamamelidaceae.
		The genus was much more widespread in the Tertiary, but has disappeared from Europe due to extensive glaciation in the north and the Alps, which has served as a blockade against southward migration.
		Sweetgum is a foodplant for various Lepidoptera caterpillars, such as the gypsy moth.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=sweet_gum (311 words)

	Search: Sweetgum
		Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also known as Redgum, is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar native to warm temperate areas of eastern...
		sweetgum is also known as redgum, star-leaved gum, alligator-wood, and gumtree.
		It occurs on moist to wet, acidic soils and is commonly found in swamps...
	www.webmarket.com /webmkt.webmkt/search/web/Sweetgum/-/-/1/-/-/-/1/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/302349/right (154 words)

	Pitzer College - News Center
		They have determined that sweetgum balls -- the round, prickly seed pods and a fruit of the sweetgum tree -- are rich in shikimic acid.
		Poon acknowledges that the yield from the sweetgum seed is much less than from star anise, but the U.S. is dotted with these trees -- from Connecticut to central Florida and parts of California, including several on the campuses of the Claremont Colleges.
		Poon had studied sweetgum trees when he was professor at Randolph-Macon College in Virginia in 1998, and Fujinaka suggested that he restart the research since shikimic acid was the building block to making Tamiflu.
	www.pitzer.edu /news_center/in_the_news/05-06-academic_year/2006_04_10-poon_dailybulletin.asp (977 words)

	Sweetgum - Liquidambar styraciflua Hamamelidaceae - Witch-hazel family — Western North Carolina Nature Center
		Young sweetgum have a strong excurrent growth habit and long, conical crowns that usually prune themselves readily under forest conditions.
		Sweetgum is most accurately classed as intolerant of shade.
		Other diseases of sweetgum that may be important occasionally are an abiotic leader dieback or blight, twig canker, and trunk lesion caused by Botryosphaeria ribis, and bleeding necrosis, which may be a combination of sweetgum blight and B. ribis trunk lesion (8).
	www.wildwnc.org /trees/Liquidambar_styraciflua.html (3706 words)

	CO2 Science
		In searching for a technique to accomplish this feat, Tisserat first produced sweetgum shoots in an automated plant culture system in which ten times more shoots were produced than in prior plant culture systems, but where vitrification was observed in fully 80% of the shoots.
		Then, he documented the effects of ultra-high atmospheric CO concentrations on the vitrified shoots when they were transferred to soil and grown in air having CO concentrations ranging from 350 to 30,000 ppm.
		Even in those cases where plant growth responses did decline between 10,000 and 30,000 ppm in Tisserat's study, for example, the responses at 30,000 ppm CO were still greater than those at 350 ppm.
	www.co2science.org /scripts/CO2ScienceB2C/articles/V8/N32/B1.jsp?Print=true (262 words)

	Problems of Sweetgum
		The Sweetgum Tree is vulnerable to compacted soils and will produce surface roots in that environment.
		Because Sweetgum trees grow over a wide area in the U.S., they have had to adapt to the climates of both the warm South and the cooler North.
		Although Sweetgums are able to tolerate soil with some alkalinity, sometimes it becomes too alkaline and the tree develops an iron deficiency.
	www.yardener.com /ProblemsofSweetgum.html (470 words)

	Monrovia - AURORA SWEETGUM
		An important improvement on the native sweetgum of the American south, this slow growing cultivar produces a compact, pyramidal form.
		Exceptional fall color for warmer climates, the foliage exhibits the full range of hues from yellow to orange, red and purple on a single tree.
		An improvement on native sweetgum, this cultivar produces a compact, pyramidal form.
	www.monrovia.com /plantinf.nsf/0/8982BF09480C0EF28825684D0071C9A4 (173 words)

	Allen's Mailbox - Preventing Sweetgum Balls - P. Allen Smith
		Sweetgums (Liquidambar styraciflua) are great shade trees but they produce round seed pods covered with sharp points.
		In addition to sweetgums these products are supposed to work on apple, buckeye, carob, cottonwood, crabapple, elm, flowering pear, horse chestnut, maple, oak, olive, pine, sour orange, and sycamore.
		She would collect sweetgum balls, spray paint them gold and hang them on the Christmas tree as decorations.
	www.pallensmith.com /index.php?option=com_simplefaq&task=answer&Itemid=104&catid=115&aid=2321 (524 words)

	Sweetgum
		Sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua is an excellent tree for yards, parks or as a street tree.
		Sweetgum has beautiful fall color, with yellow, purple and red foliage.
		Prices on 12-18” tall seedlings measured from the root collar to the tip of the terminal bud are as follows.
	www.sweetgum.org (120 words)

	Fungus on tree leaves likely not fatal \| ajc.com
		Q: I have a sweetgum tree in my back yard that appears to be dying.
		Sweetgum anthracnose causes leaf spot and massive leaf drop but is unlikely to kill a tree unless it occurs several years in a row.
		The fungus on your sweetgum is either sweetgum anthracnose, Gloeosporium nervisequum, or sweetgum leaf spot, Cercospora liquidambaris.
	www.ajc.com /living/content/living/homeandgarden/reeves/090905.html (696 words)

	Greenbelt Park (U.S. National Park Service)
		It begins and ends at the Sweetgum Picnic area located near the entrance of the park.
		Sweetgum Picnic Area is a unreserved area on a first- come first serve basis.
		Eva Cassidy, the singer from the Maryland area, had her memorial service held in the Sweetgum Picnic Area of Greenbelt Park, Maryland.
	www.nps.gov /gree (593 words)

	Sweetgum stopper? [Archive] - Lawn Care and Landscaping Forum
		The spiky balls that fall from sweetgum trees can be a source of “extreme annoyance, pain or bodily injury,” a University of Missouri horticulturist said.
		There is a fruitless sweetgum tree cultivar, Liquidambar styraciflua rotundiloba, that has “a little bit different leaf shape,” Starbuck said.
		Sweetgum balls are also said to be good fire starters that burn with a blue flame, Starbuck said.
	www.lawncafe.com /archive/index.php/t-6667.html (812 words)

	Sweetgum tree could help lessen shortage of bird flu drug
		Chemists have found that the seeds of the sweetgum fruit contain significant amounts of shikimic acid, the starting material used to produce the main antiviral agent in a much-heralded drug for fighting bird flu.
		Their findings, which could help increase the global supply of the drug, were described today at the 231st national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the world’s largest scientific society.
		The sweetgum tree grows widely throughout the United States and other parts of the world.
	www.eurekalert.org /emb_releases/2006-03/acs-stc031706.php (619 words)

	Search: Sweetgum Tree
		In October and November the fallen leaves are beautiful red and gold stars that cover the park walkways...
		Sweetgum tree, with its star-shaped leaves, neatly compact crown, interesting fruit, and twigs with unique corky growths called wings, is an attractive...
		Sweetgum is a large tree, growing up to 100 feet tall.
	www.webmarket.com /webmkt.webmkt/search/web/Sweetgum%2BTree/-/-/1/-/-/-/1/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/302349/right (169 words)

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