Swept forward wing

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Topic: Swept forward wing

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	Stability augmentation system for a forward swept wing aircraft - United States Patent 4,562,546
		Forward swept wings of metal are limited in their use due to the static stability phenomenon of divergence at high speed flight conditions.
		A stability augmentation system for a forward swept wing aircraft is disclosed that corrects a dynamic instability phenomenon which occurs when the whole vehicle (rigid body) motion couples with the wing structural motion.
		Wing 12 is on the right or starboard side of the aircraft while wing 13 is on the left or port side of the aircraft.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4562546 (2811 words)

	X-29
		Its forward swept wings were mounted well back on the fuselage, while its canards horizontal stabilizers to control pitch were in front of the wings instead of on the tail.
		On the forward-swept wing, ailerons remained unstalled at high angles of attack because the air over the forward swept wing tended to flow inward toward the root of the wing rather than outward toward the wing tip as on an aft-swept wing.
		Wing trailing edge actuators controlling camber are mounted externally in streamlined fairings because of the thinness of the supercritical airfoil.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/x-29.htm (1972 words)

	Evolution of Technology
		On the forward swept wing, the air tended to flow inward toward the root of the wing rather than outward toward the wing tip as on the swept-back wing.
		This illustration shows the reverse airflow on forward swept wings vs. the airflow on the swept-back wings.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/foward_sweep/Tech9G1.htm (46 words)

	Junkers Ju 287
		If the wing is swept forward, a small increase in the angle of attack at the tip will increase the lift, causing a twisting moment at the tip, which in turn will cause an increased angle of attack, which will cause still more lift, etc. This causes the aircraft to become seriously unstable.
		The wing of the Ju 287 V2 was similar to that of the V1, but the fuselage was entirely different, being quite similar to that of the propeller-driven Ju 388.
		As an airplane flies through the air, its wing is subjected to a more-or-less random twisting moment exerted by variable aerodynamic forces caused by rapid changes in wind currents or by rapid maneuvers.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pettypi/elevon/baugher_other/ju287.html (1048 words)

	Aerodynamics, Wings for All Speeds
		Wings with variable in-flight sweep have been proposed for a long time, sometimes they have also been developed (exclusively for fighter aircraft), but they pose challenging problems, such as the shift in the aerodynamic center, with consequences to the whole aircraft stability.
		As a general rule, a wing aft-sweep of less 30 degrees is required at subsonic speeds, and a sweep of 50 to 60 degrees is appropriate for supersonic cruise.
		Wing thickness (or airfoil thickness) is strictly related to the drag characteristics at all speeds.
	aerodyn.org /Wings/wings.html (916 words)

	★ S32/37 Golden Eagle Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces
		The forward swept wing, a conformal underfuselage weapon station(s), use of RAM and the inward-canted tailfins, suggest a further reduction of the aircraft radar signature down from similarly sized Flanker's 3-5 sq m.
		The FSW had an edge in the trans- and subsonic performance but because the aluminum alloys commonly used in aircraft design fail to withstand the higher structural loading of the wing, the supersonic FSW concept was kept on the ground until introduction of the composites.
		The ailerons - the wing's control surfaces - remain effective at the highest angles of attack, and controllability of the aircraft is retained even in the event of airflow separating from the remainder of the wings' surface.
	warfare.ru /?catid=255&linkid=1609 (4085 words)

	some Gabriel Oyibo reviews
		A transformation of the aeroelastic equations of motion for a composite swept wing reveals that the critical aeroelastic characteristics for flutter and divergence are expressible in terms of three bounded generic stiffness variables and the fiber orientation angle.
	www.math.buffalo.edu /mad/PEEPS/oyibo_ga_reviews.html (387 words)

	Aircraft with variable forward-sweep wing (US5984231)
		In the unswept position the wing is approximately orthogonal to a fuselage centerline, while in the full-forward sweep position the wing has approximately a delta wing planform.
		The variable forward-sweep wing is positionable from an essentially unswept position to a full-forward sweep position.
		An aircraft with a variable forward-sweep wing and the method of configuring the wing in an optimal position for a desired flight regime.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05984231__ (334 words)

	Grumman X-29 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The test program of the two planes continued for over a decade, and on December 13, 1985 one of them became the first forward swept wing aircraft to fly supersonically in level flight.
		The inherent aerodynamic instability of this arrangement required the use of computerised fly-by-wire control, and advanced composite materials were needed to make the wing sufficiently rigid without being unacceptably heavy.
		The aircraft were adapted from existing Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter airframes (after the airframe had been chosen over a competing proposal involving a General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon); the modified design was known internally as the G-712.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grumman_X-29 (342 words)

	A study of stall phenomena on a 45 degree swept-forward wing
		Three-component force data, pressure-distribution data, tuft studies, and boundary-layer measurement were obtained to enable a detailed correlation between separation phenomena and the longitudinal characteristics of the swept-forward wing.
		An investigation has been made to determine the underlying causes of the undesirable longitudinal characteristics of a 45 degree swept-forward wing in the moderate and high lift-coefficient range.
		A study of stall phenomena on a 45 degree swept-forward wing
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1949/naca-tn-1797 (89 words)

	Heinkel He 162 with forward swept wing (1/72)
		Wings and the inner sides of the V-tail are RLM 82 Hellgrün (Hu.131) with diffuse spots of RLM 81.
		Wings and tailplanes (for V-tail) were made of styrene sheet laminate.
		There was problem with warping of wings over time (it took over six years to complete this model!), but after some rigorous bending this seems to have stopped finally.
	users.tkk.fi /~andres/models_he162fsw.html (901 words)

	The S-37 "Berkut"
		The fighter's wing has a well-developed root with a large sweep angle along the leading edge and which smoothly mates the cantilever part with forward sweep with it.
		The twin ruddered vertical tail is attached to the center wing section of the wing and has a large cant to the outer side.
		However, the realization of all the advantages of such a wing at that time was unsuccessful because of the lack of the necessary construction materials and technologies.
	www.royfc.com /news/jun/2802jun09.html (1016 words)

	Junkers Aircraft of the Twenties
		Wing studies were continued with EF58, which got an elliptic forward swept wing form and EF59 with forward swept wing and nose flaps.
		Its nose section, the forward swept wings and the engine positions are exactly in the position of the V1.
		Both models had already the forward swept wing, which Wocke find to be the best wing form for a larger jet aircraft.
	www.geocities.com /hjunkers/ju_ju287_a1.htm (1509 words)

	AeroWorldNet - This Week In Russian Aerospace
		The Forward Swept Wing design had been first flight-tested in 1945 on two Junkers Ju-286 prototypes, which then were captured by the advancing Red Army troops.
		However, the FSW did not find applications on mass production aircraft - aluminium alloys used in their constructions were unable to withstand the high torque generated on this type of wing.
		The X-29A flew and thereby proved that supersonic aircraft may have FSW made of composites whose directional pattern of filament is arranged with the wing torque vector.
	www.aeroworld.net /1ra01207.htm (1133 words)

	Forward Swept Wings
		One of the problems with a swept forward wing RC model with a fairly large sweep is wing twist.
		FSW tends to cause aeroelastic twisting to the wings if they are not torsionaly stiff enough.
		FSW designs are always recommended to have a larger than normal tail area and it can be accomplished by increasing the tail moment.
	www.rcuniverse.com /forum/tm.asp?m=49527 (1665 words)

	Bird Of Prey
		And when the wings are swept fully forward, with the trailing edge transformed into a leading edge, the aircraft assumes a delta shape perfect for dashing away at speeds up to Mach 3.
		Switchblade’s wings are attached to the aircraft’s fuselage at a pivot point toward the rear of the plane.
		The wings made the X-29 look as though it was flying backward, but they also made the aircraft exceptionally maneuverable and resistant to stalls—even at attack angles as high as 45 degrees.
	www.norse-man.net /Marvel/Equipment/Switchblade.htm (1120 words)

	Effects_of_wing_shapes_on_lift_and_speed.txt
		It mostly doesn't matter to the air whether the sweep is forward or back for drag, although the forward swept wing is probably a little better.
		If a unswept wing is one foot thick and 8 feet long in chord (the airflow direction) then it looks pretty thick to the air (1/8=12.5% of wing chord thick).
		On aft-swept wings, these forces are dynamically stabilizing (which means that the wing is unlikely to flutter and break off).
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /aero/question/aerotheory/Effects_of_wing_shapes_on_lift_and_speed.txt (1774 words)

	Partners in Freedom
		Stalls were expected to start at the wing root rather than the tip (in contrast to aft-swept wings), thereby maintaining the effectiveness of outboard ailerons and their contributions to roll control at low speeds.
		Research on the swept wing as a drag-reducing mechanism for high subsonic and transonic speeds during the late 1930’s and early 1940’s resulted in some of the first conventional aft-swept wing aircraft during World War II.
		The wing rock was a nonlinear phenomenon, in that the model motions were self-initiating and built up to a limited amplitude independent of the magnitude of the initial disturbance.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Partners/X_29.html (4168 words)

	Convair A-44 - US Air Force Museum Bomber Virtual Aircraft Gallery
		Convair engineers used forward swept wing research data captured from Germany in WWII as the basis for the design.
		The aircraft was to have a 30° forward swept wing with an 8° dihedral.
		The wing was mounted at the far aft portion of the fuselage and also served as the horizontal stabilizer.
	www.wpafb.af.mil /museum/research/attack/a5/a5-20.htm (275 words)

	All EPP forward swept wing - RC Groups
		And the main reason to have forward swept wings is that you will most likely be the only person with one and will get much more attention.
		The forward swept wing produces much less wing tip vortices and that translates to a more efficient wing.
		What are the advantages of a forward swept wing vs. a straight wing or a backward swept wing?
	www.rcgroups.com /forums/showthread.php?t=76620 (816 words)

	Patent Descriptions
		Once fully swept forward, the ailerons and flaps become the leading edge spoilers of the wing and appearing from inside the fuselage come a new pair of ailerons and flaps to take their place.
		When the wings are fully open, the aircraft is very characteristic with the Russian made S-37 Berkut which is also a forward swept wing aircraft design but incorporates no variable geometry.
		Looking at the wing tips, these have aerilons or they could be spoilers and on the front of the wing tips we do have leading edge spoilers.
	www.dreamlandresort.com /black_projects/patent.htm (3706 words)

	RC Universe - Forward swept wing?
		im a firm beliver on deltas and swept wings the elevator should be in the middle and at the rear, and ailerons at the tips and forwards, that way you avoid tip spins form uneven elevator movement and flap effects.
		FSW is probably no problem for this plane - the modest amount of sweep extant in your drawings is not going to cause structural or stability problems.
		The high wing, on the other hand, sees the crossflow hitting it from the top (since the dihedral angle is in the opposite direction on that side), and therfore is pushed down.
	utopia.rcuniverse.com /showthread.php?threadid=25919 (4225 words)

	final_report_sub_team_1.doc
		The mildly forward-swept, supercritical wing is mounted aft of the pressurized section of the fuselage, to allow a mid-wing arrangement and low interference drag with the fuselage.
		The lifting canard moves the center of pressure forward of the wing to coincide with the center of gravity during cruise.
		As the fuel is used in flight, the center of gravity moves forward, requiring significant canard deflection, with severe trim drag penalties (not considered in the aerodynamic analysis), as well as constant attention from the pilot to retrim the airplane.
	www.aoe.vt.edu /design/tempus/reports/final_report_sub_team_1.doc (3832 words)

	Sukhoi's S-32/37 takes to the air
		The S-32, also known as the S-37 Berkut (Eagle) has forward-swept wing, canard foreplanes, a high content of composite components including the wing, twin vertical stabilizers and is powered by two 34,000lb st Soloviev D-30F-6 afterburning turbofans.
		Regarded in the West as a technology demonstrator rather than a combat aircraft prototype, the S-32/37's configuration resembles Grumman's experimental X-29A FSW (forward-swept wing) which was flight tested between 1988 and 1992.
		Sukhoi say that the FSW concept was extensively researched by Zhukovsky's Central Aerodynamic Institute (TsAGI) during the 1980s and its construction began in 1990.
	www.aeronautics.ru /nws001/afm062.htm (221 words)

	Berkut Extending Horizons
		The forward-swept wing is the most striking and effective external "Berkut" feature, which sharply distinguishes the appearance of this aircraft from all others.
		Three years ago the highly maneuverable aircraft with forward swept wing took off in Russia.
		They, in the opinion of OKB specialists, have confirmed the the calculated advantages of the forward-swept wing for a maneuvering aircraft.
	www.royfc.com /news/sep/2500sep01.html (1330 words)

	ABC Online Forum
		One reason for forward swept wings is to make the A/C unstabe in the yaw axis, this then makes it much more responsive,good qualities for a fighter, but requires computer fly by wire so that it can be flown by a human,or so I believe.
		The real problem then is the wing flexing; As the wing bends up on a 'normal' swept wing, the tip tends to reduce its angle of attack and so dump a little lift, and so it's self stabilising.
		I have noticed on a few flights with Virgin, that some of their 737-800 have wings that are fairly straight and others have wings with a fairly large kink at the end of the wings.
	www2b.abc.net.au /science/k2/stn/archives/archive24/newposts/151/topic151150.shtm (4116 words)

	Wing Sweep (Mark Drela)
		The airfoils on a swept wing behave as though they were flying at a reduced speed, reduced Mach number, and reduced dynamic pressure.
		To first order, sweeping the wing forward is aerodynamically the same as sweeping if back: cos(-L) = cos(L) There are also secondary compressibility effects having to do with taper which tend to favor forward sweep.
		> OTOH, a bkwd swept wing delays compessibility in supersonic flight.
	yarchive.net /air/sweep.html (560 words)

	Forward Swept Flying Wing - RC Groups
		Don't forget that a swept forward wing has to be exceptionally stiff torsionally, with or without fuse.
		The wings are thin and well swept forward.
		If you were to add winglets they would pull the wing around so that it would fly swept forward.
	www.rcgroups.com /forums/showthread.php?t=5882 (592 words)

	X-28.5
		Ok, I hope to end up with a model with a forward-swept wing that flies.
		Wing is held on with two nylon bolts and two forward pins into a 1/4" ply former in the fuselage.
		The first three inner wing bays use a truss-type shear web, with all the remaining to the tip using a plate-type shearweb.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~timc/flying/x285.html (1493 words)

	X-29 EC88-106-1: X-29 Research Pilot Rogers Smith
		The forward-swept wing of the X-29 resulted in reverse airflow, toward the fuselage rather than away from it, as occurs on the usual aft-swept wing.
		The X-29 explored the use of advanced composites in aircraft construction; variable camber wing surfaces; the unique forward-swept-wing and its thin supercritical airfoil; strake flaps; and a computerized fly-by-wire flight control system that overcame the aircraft's instability.
		Phase 1 demonstrated that the forward sweep of the X-29 wings kept the wing tips unstalled at the moderate angles of attack flown in that phase (a maximum of 21 degrees).
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /Gallery/Photo/X-29/HTML/EC88-106-1.html (801 words)

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Topic: Swept forward wing

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In the News (Thu 24 Dec 09)