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Topic: Swim bladder

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	Gas bladder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy, and thus to stay at the current water depth, ascend, or descend without having to waste energy in swimming.
		The combination of gases in the bladder varies; in shallow water fish, the ratios closely approximate that of the atmosphere, while deep sea fish tend to have higher percentages of oxygen.
		In embryonal development, both lung and gas bladder originate as an outpocketing from the gut; in the case of gas bladders, this connection to the gut continues to exist as the pneumatic duct in more "primitive" teleosts, and is lost in the higher orders.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swim_bladder (535 words)

	AllRefer.com - swim bladder (Zoology: General) - Encyclopedia
		swim bladder, large, thin-walled sac in some fishes that may function in several ways, e.g., as a buoyant float, a sound producer and receptor, and a respiratory organ.
		The swim bladder, or air bladder, is located in the dorsal portion of the body cavity and is filled with gases.
		In most fish the swim bladder has no connection to the digestive tract, but in some, such as the lungfish, there is a connecting tube leading to the pharynx, indicating that the organ may aid in respiration.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/swimblad.html (295 words)

	* Swim Bladder - (Aquarium): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The swim bladder is an air-filled bladder used for keeping the fish in a state of neutral buoyancy where they neither sink nor float...
		The swim bladder is pointed in the male and rounded at the rear in the female.
		The swim bladder is not very developed, so the fish can't stay in midwater but it must be in constant motion or it sinks...
	www.mimihu.com /aquarium/swim_bladder.html (1020 words)

	APC 100 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The SWIM BLADDER in various fishes is a gas-filled diverticulum which arises from the pharyngeal or esophageal region of the digestive tract.
		Swim bladders which retain the open PNEUMATIC DUCT, or connection with the digestive tract, are said to be physostomous.
		The modern point of view, however, is that the presence of lungs was a primitive character and that the swim bladder of higher fishes is probably a specialized modification of the lung.
	trc.ucdavis.edu /mjguinan/apc100/modules/Digestive/fish/swim0/swim.html (92 words)

	Swim Bladder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The swim bladder develops as a pouch budding off the embryonic digestive tract, and in chondrosteans (such as sturgeons) and holosteans (such as gars), plus a few teleosts such as eels, it retains an open connection to the esophagus.
		In most bony fish, the swim bladder is completely closed off, and gas levels in the swim bladder are adjusted by secreting gas into the bladder through a network of capillaries, the rete mirabile (Latin for "marvelous net").
		The swim bladder is homologous to the lungs of tetrapods.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~rwhitmor/wman224/swim_bladder.htm (301 words)

	Swim Bladder Problems
		When working on the swim bladder keep in mind that it is delicate at this stage and more sudden changes can make the problem worse instead of better.
		The swim bladder becomes full of excessive air, leaving a large knot in the middle of the swim bladder, directly above the Sphincter, which is in turn, directly against the intestinal wall.
		Once the swim bladder has been affected on a recurring basis, it is very weak and any sudden changes could, and probably would, cause more damage to the organ.
	article.discusnews.com /cat-02/swimblader.shtml (1553 words)

	Swim bladder information from the Fish Helpline
		Swim bladder problems are not as common in Koi as in fancy goldfish.
		the swim bladder was half the size of the fish's abdomen and as thick as a marigold washing-up glove.
		The point I'm getting to is swim bladder problems are many fold and swim bladder treatments for a problem that could have upwards of 20 causes seems to me a waste of time.
	www.fish-helpline.co.uk /health/swim_bladders.html (243 words)

	Fish Dissection - Swim bladder
		The swim bladder (also called the gas bladder or air bladder) is a flexible-walled, gas-filled sac located in the dorsal portion of body cavity.
		Most of the swim bladder is not permeable to gases, because it is poorly vascularised (has few blood vessels) and is lined with sheets of guanine crystals.
		Conversely, if a fish swims into shallower water, there is a decrease in water pressure and so the gas in the swim bladder expands, and the fish tends to float upwards.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/students/dissect/swimbladder.htm (325 words)

	Swim bladder: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Swim bladder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The swim bladder (also air bladder or gas bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy despite changes in external water pressure.
		The swim bladder is an air-filled sac located in the dorsal portion of the fish.
		The bladder has a gas gland that can introduce gases to the bladder to increase buoyancy.
	www.encyclopedian.com /sw/Swim-bladder.html (188 words)

	How to Deflate the Swim Bladder of a Deep-Caught Bass
		Fish use their bladder to provide the additional buoyancy necessary to remain neutral (not sinking or floating), by removing from or adding gas to this organ as they move shallower or deeper.
		An over-inflated swim bladder is not the only problem that bass may experience when they make a quick ascent from deep water.
		Swim Bladder Deflation Caption: To release air from the over-inflated swim bladder of a bass caught in deep water, remove a single scale from the midpoint of an imaginary line between the anal opening and the space between the spiny and soft ray portions of the dorsal fin.
	www.insideline.net /1999/sak-0102-99.html (1632 words)

	SWIM - Definition
		To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to float; as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.
		To move progressively in water by means of strokes with the hands and feet, or the fins or the tail.
		To pass or move over or on by swimming; as, to swim a stream.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/swim (285 words)

	Animal Health Care -
		A swim bladder is a thin-walled sac in the front (anterior) of the fish abdomen that can expand or contract to help control buoyancy.
		The sac is attached to the esophagus (via the pneumocystic duct) in goldfish and the swim bladder is juxtaposed to a rich collection of blood vessels.
		Bacterial or viral infection of the swim bladder that result in the lining of the bladder becoming thickened, thus interfering with the transfer of gas into the sac or reduced sac elasticity.
	www.animalhealthcare.ca /contents/content.asp?id=339&cat=Exotic (490 words)

	Swim Bladder Disease @ petfish.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Swim Bladder Disorder can be caused by several things, and it's best to try to figure out the cause of the problem because the cause will determine what treatment you will want to use.
		Swim bladder problems are not painful and are generally not fatal in the case of injury, so these guys have a wonderful prognosis in general.
		I have always heard that swim bladder problems caused by bacterial infections are incredibly difficult to treat, which makes me wonder if they are not caused by something else altogether...just my random musings.
	www.petfish.net /swimbladder_betta.htm (835 words)

	Swimbladder Disease, Flip over, air sac disease: Goldfish health and disease information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Swim bladder disease is a multifactorial illness which primarily affects ornamental goldfish which have globoid body shapes, like orandas, ryukins, and fantails.
		The swim bladder is a small epithelium-lined sac in the anterior abdomen which is responsible for maintaining buoyancy.
		If swim bladder disease does have an infectious cause, your fish will be better able to resist this infection (and others) if your water quality is good.
	www.koivet.com /swimbladder.html (1056 words)

	swim bladder -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The swim bladder is located in the body cavity and is derived from an outpocketing of the digestive tube.
		The single character unique to the superorder Ostariophysi is the presence of the so-called Weberian apparatus, a complex connection between the inner ear and gas bladder (swim bladder).
		Sturgeons are valued for their flesh; their eggs, eaten as caviar; and their swim bladders, used to make isinglass, a gelatin.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9070651?tocId=9070651 (807 words)

	[No title]
		The swim bladder is located in the dorsal cavity of teleosts and its role is to provide controlled buoyancy by inflating and deflating with air.
		The swim bladder morphology initiates as an outgrowth of the foregut (ductus pneumacticus), and it is comprised of clustered mesenchymal cells surrounding an inner primordium of epithelial cells.
		Previous studies documenting gas bladder development in Danio rerio (also known as the Zebra Fish) have shown that gas bladder morphology and functionality are directly correlated to environmental factors, clearly illustrating the fragility of the genetic cascade leading to gas bladder development.
	academic.bowdoin.edu /courses/f04/bio217/files/Organo_abstracts_2004.doc (4221 words)

	Releasing Reef Fish with Swim Bladder Over-Expansion
		The gas in the swim bladder can over-expand when these reef fish are brought quickly to the surface by hook and line.
		Swim bladder over-expansion injuries can include Averted stomachs or intestines, as shown below, and may look worse than they really are.
		Return the fish to the water and revive in an upright position until the fish swims away and descends.
	home.cfl.rr.com /floridafishing/venting.htm (601 words)

	Dedicated To The Tribal Aquaculture Program
		Swim bladder inflation was determined after 30 days on feed, and the inflation rate therefore was influenced by mortality during that period.
		In the present trial, swim bladder inflation was higher for the fish reared in tanks receiving spray (98.4%) than for fish in tanks without spray (51.7%).
		The improvement in swim bladder inflation when the oil and feed layer on the water surface was dispersed supports the hypothesis that walleye must gulp air to initially inflate their bladders.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/ashland/mtan/mtan_7.html (6138 words)

	The Swim Bladder of Butterflyfishes
		Interestingly, the gross morphology of the swim bladder is correlated with the type of LC present (e.g., Direct or Indirect); a source of variation in swim bladder morphology that has gone unnoticed until now.
		In species with a direct LC, the swim bladder sits behind a very thin (often pigmented) peritoneum; the fibrous tunica externa is relatively thick around the entire circumference of the body of the swim bladder.
		Variation in swim bladder morphology noted through gross dissection appears to be due to differences in the number and thickness of collagen layers that compose the tunica externa.
	www38.homepage.villanova.edu /jacqueline.webb/swimbladder.htm (584 words)

	[No title]
		The swim bladder is located in the dorsal portion of the body cavity and is filled with gases.
		The swim bladder is homologous with the lungs found in some other types of fish and tetrapods (land vertebrates).
		have a true swim bladder which is attached by a ventrally connected duct in juvenile fish but is sealed off from the digrestive tract in adults.
	www.gwu.edu /~darwin/BiSc150/Adaptation1/comparative.html (1677 words)

	Fish Anatomy - Swim Bladder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A gas filled bladder than extends from behind the head and covers about one-third of the body length.
		The swim bladder is filled with a nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture.
		The fish controls the amount of oxygen in the bladder through oxygen fish blood passing through capillaries or from the fish's throat.
	www.drhelm.com /aquarium/swimbladder.html (83 words)

	Swim bladder gas gland cells produce surfactant: in vivo and in culture -- Prem et al. 279 (6): 2336 -- AJP - ...
		in the swim bladder therefore is not surprising (3, 4).
		The swim bladder lining is formed by flattened epithelial cells, which contain numerous small lamellar bodies.
		A: overview of intact swim bladder epithelium in the nongas gland region.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/6/R2336 (4073 words)

	Swim Bladder
		Conversely, as a fish rises in the water column, the decreasing pressure causes the volume of the gases in the body, primarily the swim bladder, to increase.
		If a jewfish had a swim bladder size of 0.17 liters at the point it was hooked, and 1.02 liters at the surface,m how deep was the fish when it was hooked?
		A barracuda had a swim bladder size of 0.15 liters at the point it was hooked, and 1.1 liters at the surface, how deep was the fish when it was hooked?
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /learning/resources/activities/coastal/swimbladderactivity.phtml (436 words)

	How to Deflate a Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The swim bladder is an organ filled with gases, mostly oxygen and nitrogen.
		When fish are at rest, the pressure of the gases in the swim bladder equals the pressure exerted by the surrounding water.
		The gases are compressed and the swim bladder occupies a relatively small space.
	www.catchandreleasefound.org /deflate.htm (391 words)

	The Straight Dope Mailbag: The Straight Dope Mailbag: If a goldfish is swimming on its side, is this a bad sign?
		Several fish diseases can cause fish to swim like drunks (and some species of fish swim upside down normally!), but the most common one affecting goldfish is swim bladder disease.
		A number of things can cause swim bladder disease, and goldfish do seem to be predisposed to it.
		There are more drastic measures one can take to remedy swim bladder disease in fish, and before you laugh, realize that some of these ornamental goldfish--especially in Asia--can be very pricey.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mgoldfish.html (886 words)

	Howstuffworks "How do fish rise and sink in the water?"
		A swim bladder is just an expandable sac, like a human lung.
		When the bladder is filled with this oxygen gas, the fish has a greater volume, but its weight is not greatly increased.
		When the bladder is completely inflated, the fish has maximum volume and is pushed to the surface.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question629.htm (598 words)

	When Your Fish Can’t Swim - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Many buoyancy problems are simply idiopathic, which means that there is no known cause, and are associated with the swim bladder – a small epithelium-lined sac in the anterior abdomen responsible for maintaining buoyancy.
		The bladder is called a pneumocystic duct, and it allows additional adjustment of buoyancy by letting air out through the digestive tract.
		Sometimes the swim bladder is affected by food impactions.
	petplace.netscape.com /Articles/artShow.asp?artID=2551 (791 words)

	Biological factors affecting the swim bladder volume of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Variations in the absolute and relative swim bladder volume of sardine (Sardina pilchardus W.), were examined in relation to fish length, gonads and stomach volume, and lipid content.
		Variations in absolute and relative swim bladder volume in relation to fish length and the aforementioned organs' volume and lipid contents were estimated by means of multiple regression analysis.
		The relative importance of these variables in the calculations of the swim bladder volume for different physiological conditions of the fish was also assessed.
	www.imbc.gr /biblio_serv/imbccr/X0104.html (220 words)

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