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| | Inwit Publishing, Inc. and Inwit, LLC -- Writings, Links and Software Demonstrations - The Science of the Summer Games ... |
 | | Organized swimming hardly existed until the nineteenth century, although the Japanese did have competitive swimming as far back as 36 B.C. During the Middle Ages Europeans swam very little the feeling was that water spread disease, and should be avoided (for washing too!). |
 | | James Counsilman, the hugely successful Indiana University swimming coach, wrote, "Although a swimmer may swim in an almost straight line, his movements to accomplish this are all circular or rotary...." World-class swimmers used to try to root out the s-curve from their strokes, but "it kept winning races," and now the s-curve is lovingly cultivated. |
 | | Today in Olympic competition men and women swim four strokes: the freestyle (which in practice means "the crawl"), the butterfly, the backstroke, and the breaststroke. |
| www.algorithm.com /inwit/writings/scienceofthesummergames.html (5160 words) |
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