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	Tower of London - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Royal Menagerie was established at the Tower in the 13th century, possibly as early as 1204 during the reign of King John, and probably stocked with animals from an earlier menagerie started in 1125 by Henry I at his palace in Woodstock, near Oxford.
		The Tower is located at the eastern boundary of the City of London financial district, adjacent to the River Thames and Tower Bridge.
		Between the river and the Tower is Tower Wharf, a freely accessible walkway with excellent views of the river, tower and bridge, together with HMS Belfast and London City Hall on the opposite bank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tower_of_london (1976 words)

	30 St Mary Axe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swiss Re's low level plan met the planning authority's desire to maintain London's traditional streetscape with its relatively narrow streets.
		The mass of the Swiss Re tower was not too imposing.
		The primary occupant of the building is Swiss Re re-insurers, who had the building commissioned as the headoffice for their UK operation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/30_St_Mary_Axe (1827 words)

	Swiss RE, the Gherkin, 30 St Mary's Axe
		The tower with more names than any other, Swiss Re, the Gherkin, the Towering Innuendo, and officially the rather uncatchy 30 St. Mary's Axe is the tallest building to have been built in the City of London between 1979 and 2004.
		Looking up at the tower from the ground is supposed resemble a bow of a ship referencing the nautical history of the area to create a highly sculptural building that is a complete contrast to the surrounding functional Canary Wharf towers.
		Materials used in the public realm of the tower are designed to reflect the industrial heritage of the site and focus on more traditional building materials, namely granite, steel and timber all set in industrial portions to reflect the size of the development.
	www.skyscrapernews.com /swiss.htm (1352 words)

	Business Report - Swiss Re Tower - a hubristic warning to Cool Britannia
		From the Post Office Tower in the 1960s to the NatWest Tower in the 1980s and the Canary Wharf Tower in the 1990s, each was the tallest London building in its day, and each coincided with or heralded a slump.
		The Swiss Re Tower, dubbed the Erotic Gherkin by locals for its resemblance to a tumescent pickled cucumber, is wider in the middle than at its base or top.
		Canary Wharf Tower, the Swiss Re building's predecessor in the history of London landmarks, was born in 1990 to a similar housing market backdrop.
	www.busrep.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=565&fArticleId=2119228 (1284 words)

	London - Swiss Re - Page 2 - Wired New York Forum
		The streamlined Tower 42 is the tallest of the three, but as an exemplar of the clichéd 3-M thinking (Modernism, Minimalism and Mies) that prevailed in corporate circles a few decades ago, it could be plopped down anywhere from Shanghai to Houston and no one would know the difference.
		The Swiss Re building has without doubt become the most visible building in London and it is one of the few skyscrapers of recent years to attempt something new.
		The Swiss Re building is also notable for its attempt to reinvigorate the skyscraper as a viable building type, aesthetically, economically and environmentally.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/showthread.php?p=26804 (3289 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Arts \| Arts features \| Space odyssey
		Nor is the tower quite as "green" as Foster's earlier 299m Commerzbank, Frankfurt, completed in 1997: the tallest and, to date, probably the most advanced office tower in Europe.
		It was also a famously expensive building and, while Swiss Re has been a thoughtful and generous client, they have kept costs down.
		The result is a fascinating building that undoubtedly raises the standard of city-centre office design, but one that should be regarded as a kind of work-in-progress: a staging post on the way to a more responsible and attractive form of skyscraper.
	www.guardian.co.uk /arts/features/story/0,11710,1102067,00.html (1197 words)

	LHPA : Swiss Bank Tower
		Many of the stone details are machine planed to the precise profiles to match the original facade, but many of the intricate curvilinear and floral pieces, such as the capitals and friezes, were hand carved by stone artisans using essentially the same methods and implements that were used during the Renaissance.
		The tower sets back equally on 49th and 50th Streets, rising straight up with a cladding of flat limestone panels with a pattern of punched recessed windows.
		A small tower entrance on 50th Street leads to a larger sky lobby and conference center on the 11th floor.
	www.lhparch.com /swiss.htm (416 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Magazine \| Modern Britain's instant icon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For three years London has watched the Swiss Re Tower gradually spiral out of the ashes of bombed Baltic Exchange site in the heart of the financial district.
		And among the towers on the drawing board are projects in Brighton, and Aldgate and Bishopsgate in London.
		The 40-storey Swiss Re tower is among 2004's most notable new buildings, but last year's landmarks were far more down to earth - quite literally.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3663971.stm (812 words)

	Skanska Swiss Re Case Study -- NavisWorks used to drive out time and cost on the Swiss Re tower, 30 St Mary Axe
		Without doubt, one of the highest-profile examples of the company's competence can be seen in the renowned Swiss Re building, now on the way to completion at 30 St. Mary Axe in the City of London.
		The Swiss Re office tower at 30 St. Mary Axe on the City site of the former Baltic Exchange is being managed and constructed by Skanska for The Swiss Reinsurance Company.
		See the Swiss Re Tower, 30 St. Mary Axe during various stages of its construction to date.
	www.navisworks.com /Skanska_Swiss_Re.htm (988 words)

	Russian Airliner Got Mixed Signals - CBS News
		But one second after the on-board system warnings, the Zurich tower, which was in charge of directing the planes even though they were flying over Germany, told the Russian plane to descend, German investigators said, citing voice recorders from both planes recovered at the crash site.
		German controllers in the southern city of Karlsruhe made the call to the Zurich tower after receiving an automatic radar warning in the control tower that the planes were on a collision course, Axel Raab, a spokesman for the Karlsruhe control center, told The Associated Press.
		Investigators are focusing on the actions of Swiss air traffic controllers and whether they gave the Bashkirian Airlines Tu-154 enough time to avoid collision with the DHL International Boeing 757.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2002/07/01/world/main513959.shtml (954 words)

	Foster and Partners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Commissioned by Swiss Re, one of the world’s leading reinsurance companies, it rises forty-one storeys and provides 76,400 square metres of accommodation, including offices and a shopping arcade accessed from a newly created public plaza.
		Conceptually the tower develops ideas explored in the Commerzbank and before that in the Climatroffice, a theoretical project with Buckminster Fuller that suggested a new rapport between nature and the workplace, its energy-conscious enclosure resolving walls and roof into a continuous triangulated skin.
		This system reduces the tower’s reliance on air conditioning and together with other sustainable measures, means that the building is expected to use up to half the energy consumed by air-conditioned office towers.
	www.fosterandpartners.com /internetsite/html/Project.asp?JobNo=1004 (470 words)

	Swiss Tower to be built in Dubai :: Gowealthy.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		With an investment of USD 69.4 million, the project named 'Swiss Tower' will be located on plot Y3 at Nakheel's Jumeirah Lake Towers.
		Swiss Business Council President Peter Harradine first conceptualized the idea of having a Swiss tower in Dubai.
		Designed to create a serene working environment, Swiss Tower will be equipped with state of the art technology and communications systems.
	www.gowealthy.com /realestate/news/636/detail.asp (339 words)

	30 St Mary Axe, London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The tower is aerodynamically designed to reduce wind load on the structure, whilst the lower part tapers so that wind wraps around the tower and reduces the incidence of downdraught on the surrounding plaza.
		The tower's topmost panoramic dome - which has glamourously been likened to the lair of a James Bond villain - recalls the glass dome which used to cover part of the ground floor of the Baltic Exchange which was bombed and subsequently demolished to make way for 30 St Mary Axe.
		The tower draws on architectural elements of Foster and Partners Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters built in 1975.
	www.emporis.com /en/wm/bu/?id=100089 (1142 words)

	ToLeadenhall
		This street leads SSW between two of London’s highest landmark skyscrapers: Tower 42 (the former NatWest Building) on the parallel Bishopsgate a block west of St. Mary Axe, and the remarkable Swiss Re Tower at 30 St. Mary Axe.
		Tower 42 was London’s first great modern skyscraper, a tour de force of the 1980’s that helped reestablish the City as the world’s most important banking center.
		While the football-shaped Swiss Re Tower is not the tallest building in London—they’re found in the East End Docklands at Canary Wharf—it is currently the most revolutionary.
	www.homeatfirst.com /toleaden.htm (501 words)

	Swiss admit some blame for the mid-air collision
		At a memorial ceremony near the crash site in southern Germany, Swiss transport Minster Moritz Leuenberger sought to address Russian anger about early statements from Swiss air traffic control that appeared to blame the pilot of the Bashkirian Airlines plane, whose passengers included 45 school students headed for a Spanish beach vacation.
		The pilot appeared to have heeded the control tower's instructions to descend when it was repeated about 15 seconds after receiving the contradictory instructions.
		However, had the pilot obeyed the cockpit warning instruction to climb, which was issued simultaneously with instructions to the DHL plane to descend, experts believe the crash would have been averted.
	www.iasa.com.au /folders/Safety_Issues/others/swissadmit.html (628 words)

	ArchitectureWeek - Tools - Modeling the Swiss Re Tower - 2005.0504
		The design for the Swiss Re Tower by Foster and Partners draws on advances in digital technologies to develop ideas that we first explored in the Climatroffice design with Buckminster Fuller in the early 1970s.
		Thirty years later, digital technologies facilitate the design and construction of buildings such as Swiss Re in a fraction of the time it would have taken in the 1970s.
		The Swiss Re Tower by Foster and Partners.
	www.architectureweek.com /2005/0504/tools_1-1.html (206 words)

	FacilitiesNet: London's Gherkin-Shaped Tower Wins Architecture Prize
		London's "gherkin,'' a 40-story tower commissioned by Swiss Reinsurance Co. in the capital's financial district, won the U.K.'s top architectural award for its designers led by Norman Foster.
		Judges at the Royal Institute of British Architects were unanimous in their decision to choose the gherkin-shaped building for its Stirling Prize, the first time in the prize's history they've all agreed.
		The tower, which draws fresh air through light wells that spiral up the building, "is already a popular icon on the city skyline,'' the judges said, according to an e-mailed statement from the Institute.
	www.facilitiesnet.com /news/article2.asp?id=2213 (156 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Arts \| Arts critics \| Norman Foster's latest building
		Sixties office towers, in particular, tended to be selfish things, exercises in corporate self-aggrandisement or symbols of developers' might.
		This is the 40-floor, 590ft office tower designed by Foster and Partners for the Swiss Reinsurance Company and dogged by controversy almost since the plans were completed.
		Otherwise, public access will be via a two-floor shopping gallery at the base of the tower, which will rise from a new public plaza with trees, all-year open-air cafes and low walls designed to double up as benches.
	arts.guardian.co.uk /critic/feature/0,1169,672299,00.html (895 words)

	ArchitectureWeek - Design - Swiss Re Tower by Foster and Partners - 2005.0504
		Officially known as Swiss Re Tower, the building at 30 St. Mary Axe, designed by Foster and Partners, has won critical acclaim including the 2004 Stirling Prize from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).
		The 590-foot- (180-meter-) high, 40-story, 76,400-square-meter Swiss Re Tower is said to be London's first environmental skyscraper.
		The glazed tower is in London's historic financial district.
	www.architectureweek.com /2005/0504/design_1-1.html (199 words)

	Tower Bridge
		On Stephen's birthday, a visit to Tower Bridge, seen here from an angle less familiar to most of us.
		Looking straight up inside the southern tower, reveals some of the steel superstructure - it is easy to forget with the gothic flourishes that the bridge is a steel bridge, clad in non-structural stone.
		One of the boilers, used until 1976 to generate steam to power the pumping engines, which stored energy in six massive accumulators so that, as soon as power was required to lift the bridge, it was readily available.
	www.luphen.org.uk /public/2003/2003tower_bridge.htm (390 words)

	The Midtown Book - 444 Madison Avenue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For several decades, this modest Art Deco tower, shown at the left, dominated much of the midtown Madison Avenue skyline, especially after the lighted signs announcing the time and temperature were added beneath the Newsweek logo, none of which were part of the original design.
		Until the erection of the Swiss Bank Tower (see The City Review article) between it and Saks Fifth Avenue to the west, the building was very visible from Rockefeller Center (see The City Review article).
		The mostly blank eastern wall of the Swiss Bank Tower, where its elevators are placed, faces the mostly blank western wall of the building that Newsweek decided to leave in 1993.
	www.thecityreview.com /mad444.html (362 words)

	Swiss Re Tower, City of London - London - UK Attraction
		Swiss Re Tower has rapidly become one of the most famous landmarks in the world, featuring in tourist brochures and on posters of London all over the world.
		Few Londoners or visitors know its real name and it is affectionately referred to as “the gherkin” a kind of pickled cucumber popular among locals.
		It is in fact a place of work, commissioned by the insurance giant Swiss Re.
	www.ukattraction.com /london/swiss-re-tower.htm (212 words)

	USATODAY.com - Greenland should hold answers to climate puzzles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These anemometers are among many instruments on the "Swiss" tower at Summit.
		Instruments on the Swiss Tower that measure radiation.
		This year a new feature, the 164-foot (50-meter) high "Swiss Tower" gives a great view of Summit, according to those who have climbed it.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/cold-science/greenland-2001/latest-reports.htm (1286 words)

	WorldChanging: Tools, Models and Ideas for Building a Bright Green Future: Postcard from London
		The picture illustrating this post was taken from outside the Design Museum, which houses (among other exhibits) Cameron Sinclair's entry in the "Under a Tenner" show (the extended entry has a few shots of Cameron's selections).
		Visible in the background of this photo is the Swiss Re tower (aka "the Gherkin"), notable for a number of reasons, including the fact that it uses 50% less energy than a conventional office building of comparable size.
		Swiss Re has been at the forefront of pushing businesses to take climate change more seriously, and is trying to live up to its own sustainability demands.
	www.worldchanging.com /archives/002021.html (795 words)

	SkyscraperCity - #APPROVED: SWISS TOWER, 40F Res+Com, Plot Y3
		Called the 'Swiss Tower,' the forty (40) storey business oriented structure will be uniquely designed to encapsulate innovation, precision and style - qualities that the Swiss business community has always been associated with.
		The project was announced at an exclusive event hosted by Swiss Tower's developers and promoters, which include: Essam Al-Tamimi, managing partner of Al-Tamimi and Company along with a leading consortium of local investor, Christoph Kunz of Odette Switzerland Holdings, Premal Shah, Swiss national and vice president of the Swiss Business Council.
		They saw that what it looks like a reflection of Swiss alps in the building faccade is an effect created by playing with the density and the clarity of the glass.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=282730 (1149 words)

	London's third tallest tower gets go-ahead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A tower that could become the British capital's third tallest building has been given the green light by authorities.
		The 35-storey tower and adjoining 13-storey building, both designed by the Chicago office of architects Skidmore Owings and Merrill (SOM), total 77 630 sq m (836 000 sq ft).
		It is hoped that the new structure will become as iconic on the London skyline as its close neighbour, the Swiss Re Tower, better known to most Londoners as "the Gherkin", which has become a major feature of the capital despite having only been officially open for little over a year.
	www.rics.org /RICSWEB/getpage.aspx?p=yONqmD_t3kCC0oAG0XF0oA (194 words)

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