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Topic: Syllable coda

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	I. Riahi: Portfolio Prosody
		In phonetics and phonology, a syllable onset is the part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus.
		Syllables with short vowels as nuclei are sometimes referred to as "light syllables" while syllables with long vowels, diphthongs, or triphthongs as nuclei are referred to as "heavy syllables"; see Syllable weight for more discussion.
		In phonology, a syllable coda comprises the consonant sounds of a syllable that follow the nucleus, which is usually a vowel.
	wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de /~iriahi/PortfolioProsody.html (2114 words)

	The Syllable
		The syllable is a central unit in phonotactic description, although sometimes the principles governing the distribution of phonemes go beyond the confines of a single syllable.
		syllable structure, a syllable ending in VC has a branching Rhyme with a non-branching Peak and Coda; and VV is a branching Peak, while VVC is a branching Rhyme with a branching Peak and a non-branching Coda.
		This means that, where possible, syllables should be divided in such a way that as many consonants as possible are assigned to the beginning of the syllable to the right (if one thinks in terms of how they are written in transcription), rather than to the end of the syllable to the left.
	www.personal.rdg.ac.uk /~llsroach/phon2/mitko/syllable.htm (2153 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Syllable
		In some theories of phonology, these syllable structures are displayed as tree diagrams (similar to the trees found in some types of syntax).
		The syllable nucleus is typically a sonorant, usually a vowel sound, in the form of a monophthong, diphthong, or triphthong, but sometimes sonorant consonants like [l] or [r].
		Sometimes syllable length is also counted as a suprasegmental feature; for example, in most Germanic languages, long vowels may only exist with short consonants and vice versa.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Syllable (1232 words)

	Syllable - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki
		The syllable nucleus is typically a sonorant, usually a vowel sound, in the form of a monophthong, diphthong, or triphthong, but sometimes sonorant consonants like [l] or [r].
		The syllable onset is the sound or sounds occurring before the nucleus, and the syllable coda (literally 'tail') is the sound or sounds that follow the nucleus.
		A heavy syllable is one with a branching rime or a branching nucleus — this is a metaphor, based on the nucleus or coda having lines that branch in a tree diagram.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Syllable (1193 words)

	Sandhi and Syllables in Classical Sanskrit
		Since codas are well known to be particularly subject to neutralization and assimilation, one might surmise that it is the syllable structure rather than the word juncture that is the operant condition.
		If I am correct in stating that sandhi effects are triggered by syllable structure, then sandhi such as /-s p- > -hÚ p-/, contrasted with the persistence of word-internal /sp/ sequences, is to be explained by the fact that word-final /s/ are in syllable codas, but word-internally form onset clusters with /p/.
		If however /s/ before /p/ were always in a syllable coda, then the two cases could not be distinguished, and one would have to resort to invoking word boundaries in sandhi.
	www.tphta.ws /TPH_SSCS.HTM (4862 words)

	Syllable Structure in English
		Syllables don't serve any meaning-signalling function in language; they exist only to make speech easier for the brain to process.
		Syllable nuclei are most often highly 'sonorant' or resonant sounds, that can be relatively loud and carry a clear pitch level.
		syllables: a syllable is a rhythmic unit of speech.
	cla.calpoly.edu /~jrubba/phon/syllables.html (1099 words)

	English Syllable and Stress
		English syllables require a nucleus, which is usually a vowel, and optionally onset or coda, which are usually consonants or consonant clusters.
		Main stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it has a long vowel or is closed by a consonant; otherwise, main stress falls on the antepenultimate (the 3rd syllable of a word counting back from the end) syllable.
		Foot with one heavy syllable is stressed, however a foot with one light syllable is not stressed.
	www.ingilish.com /englishsyllablestress.htm (1551 words)

	Coda Bow
		Coda, in music, is apassage which brings a movement or piece toa conclusion through prolongation.
		Coda is also a linguistics term for the final consonant of a syllable.
		Coda is also the name of a 1982 album by rock group Led Zeppelin.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/21584-coda-bow.html (415 words)

	Syllable structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		A syllable consists of an onset, a peak and a coda, in that order.
		A disyllable consists of two syllables, and a trisyllable of three.
		Trisyllable: <> == Syllable == .
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /research/nlp/polylex/polynode80.html (283 words)

	TULiP vol. 18 Abstracts
		In chapter 3, the functional load (frequency) of phonemes is investigated according to its places in the syllable structure.
		In chapter 4, I discuss which phoneme sequences are favored or disfavored and survey the frequency of syllables, phoneme sequences and phonological rules in Korean.
		The frequency of syllables with an onset is much higher than that with no onset (85% : 15%).
	www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /abstract18e.html (971 words)

	Phonetics Lecture 2
		That means that the rhythm of English depends upon syllable stress, and whether a syllable is stressed or unstressed will determine whether it falls on the beat or off the beat in the rhythm of a word or in the rhythm of a sentence.
		A mora is a unit of syllable weight, and since Japanese is a "mora-timed" language, the rhythm of Japanese places a beat on each mora in a word or sentence.
		Even though syllables are the smallest sound unit of words, they are nevertheless made up of smaller parts.
	www.ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp /~emjohn/Phonetics/PhonLectures/PhonLect02A.html (194 words)

	SWAP Abstract: Hawkins / Nguyen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In some circumstances, listeners are sensitive to these coda-dependent acoustic differences in onset /l/s as a cue to coda voicing in word recognition.
		The present experiment further explores the effects of the acoustic characteristics of an onset /l/ on the perception of coda voicing.
		The potential effect of F2 on the perceived coda voicing in the absence of durational and f0 differences remains to be determined in ongoing experiments.
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/swap/swap_167.html (499 words)

	Procedure: Test syllable labels
		It should be noted that singleton test syllable coda consonants could also be regarded as ambisyllabic or as unstressed syllable onsets in left-headed disyllables and trisyllables: for example mason and masonry.
		Firstly, the period of stop closure in the syllable onsets for the right-headed keywords compose, dispose, port, suppose and juice does not have an acoustic correlate in utterance-initial position, and thus the ``onset'' label is missing in these cases.
		Secondly, coda stop consonants are sometimes difficult to measure reliably: the codas of the right-headed port and the left-headed cap, dog, part and speck are all occasionally elided or glottalised and thus the ``end'' label may be missing.
	www.cstr.ed.ac.uk /projects/eustace/proc/testsyllable.html (599 words)

	cars - Syllable rime
		In the study of phonology in linguistics, the rime or rhyme of a syllable consists of a nucleus and an optional coda.
		The rime is usually the portion of a syllable from the first vowel to the end.
		Still other phonologists may agree with the standard definition of syllable coda and will group the diphthong glides with the nucleus instead of the coda, leaving only n and ng as the only possible codas in Standard Mandarin.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Final_(linguistics) (527 words)

	Lingua::Phonology::Syllable; - search.cpan.org
		As many segments as possible are taken into the coda, so long as they do not violate the minimum sonority distance and meet the same conditions imposed on regular codas.
		Segments at the very end of a word may be added to the coda of a final syllable under similar conditions.
		Coda consonants must be at least this sonorous in order to be made codas.
	search.cpan.org /~jaspax/Lingua-Phonology-0.32/Phonology/Syllable.pm (2053 words)

	Re: semivowels
		This increased voice of /r/ at the end of a syllable is one main reason for the NBC dialect is so soft and flowing, and should be spotted easily when its sounds are recorded on paper with Ig.
		The syllable has one major vowel called the nucleus, but can have any of the semivowels before (called the syllable’s onset), and at least one of the semivowels after the nucleus in other dialects, called the syllable’s coda.
		Thus, if the Ig symbol for a vowel element used as a semivowel is not alone in a syllable, there could be a semivowel before in all dialects and /r/ after the main vowel in other dialects.
	www.lafn.org /~bj957/use.htm (2050 words)

	Philip Monahan - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Paper
		First, a brief overview of the coda phonotactics of BP and English is presented (section 2) and then a methodology of the study (section 3) and the interlanguage output forms (section 4).
		If /l/ occurs in the coda position of the syllable in the input, then it surfaces as a glide and is syllabified in the nucleus in the output.
		It was shown that the coda condition constraint in BP is transferred high ranked in the interlanguage English, selecting an output candidate that is deviant from the one chosen using a native English ranking.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200112/papers/paper_monahan.html (2169 words)

	Ling 60 \| Syllabification
		As always in phonology, our goal is to propose a theory of syllabification and syllable structure that is general enough to encompass the range of variation that we see between languages, while being restrictive enough to account for the aspects of syllable structure that do not vary from language to language.
		Because the variation is so limited, syllable structure is often analyzed in terms of parameters, or "menu options." Languages are free to select different settings for each parameter, but that is the extent of their freedom.
		The Coda Adjunction Rule approach is taken here, because this allows us to propose that parameter settings are constant throughout the derivation, but we could make a case for the other approach as well, since that does not require any special syllabification rules.
	www.unc.edu /~jlsmith/strc-jpn/60syllable.html (1894 words)

	[Syllable coda] \| [All the best Syllable coda resources at karaoke.velocityincome.com] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In English, it is clear that the codas of stressed syllables represent a mora (thus, the word cat is bimoraic),...
		In phonology, a syllable coda comprises the consonant sounds of a syllable that follow the nucleus, which is usually a vowel.
		Some languages' phonotactics, like that of Japanese, limit syllable codas to a small group of single consonants, whereas others can have any consonant phoneme or even clusters of consonants in syllable codas.
	karaoke.velocityincome.com /Syllable_coda (576 words)

	Cambodian_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Syllables begin with one of these consonants or consonant clusters, followed by one of the vowel nuclei.
		The vowel in these preceding syllables is usually reduced in conversation to [É], however in careful or formal speech and in TV and radio, they are always clearly articulated.
		Another unique result is that the syllable is spoken with a low-rising or "dipping" tone much like the "há»i" tone in Northern Vietnamese.
	language.school-explorer.com /Cambodian (1900 words)

	What is a syllable?
		Syllable structure, which is the combination of allowable segments and typical sound sequences, is language specific.
		All syllables with a branching nucleus (long vowels) are considered heavy.
		Some languages treat syllables with a short vowel(nucleus) followed by a consonant (coda) as light.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASyllable.htm (147 words)

	[No title]
		A phonetic definition In terms of how they are produced and sound syllables can be said to consist of a centre that as little obstruction of airflow (usually a vowel) and a start and end that have little of no obstruction to airflow and sound quieter than the centre.
		NB we are considering sounds NOT spellings The syllable onset If a syllable starts with a vowel we say the syllable has a zero onset.
		The syllable coda If there are no consonants at the end of the syllable we say it has a zero coda A single consonant is called the final consonant.
	www.rachaelanne.co.uk /teaching/uev/uev3.doc (876 words)

	Syllable Weight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		The widely observed fact that the ``short'' vowels cannot occur in stressed, unchecked syllables amounts to the restriction that if the syllable contains a short vowel, a coda must be present.
		Syllable weight may be defined as branching structure within the rhyme, so that morae -- the units of syllable weight -- may be counted by counting the branches within the rhyme and adding one.
		An exemplar of pregenerative English vowel theory in which /r/ follows glides within the syllable was examined and its catalog of counterexamples to the theory that /r/ is a glide was systematically destroyed.
	www.tomveatch.com /Veatch1991/node23.html (407 words)

	Grammar of Arvorec - 1. Phonology
		Permissible Arvorec syllables may be divided into three segments: onset, nucleus and coda, of which the onset and coda are optional.
		The onset of a syllable may comprise any consonant or any permissible onset consonant cluster, with the proviso that /ð/ is impermissable word-initially.
		Syllables are divided before a single consonant and between two consonants unless they form an acceptable initial cluster.
	www.arvorec.net /arvorec/arvorec1.htm (1809 words)

	Sandhi and Syllables in Classical Sanskrit
		If I am correct in stating that sandhi effects are triggered by syllable structure, then sandhi such as /-s p-/ > /-ḥ p-/, contrasted with the persistence of word-internal /sp/ sequences, is to be explained by the fact that word-final /s/ are in syllable codas, but word-internally form onset clusters with /p/.
		The controversy as to whether the /s/ is underlying or added by sandhi (see Cho 1990:71, who sides with Schein and Steriade in considering it underlying against Odden, who says it is added in sandhi) may partly reflect some unclarity about whether the discussants are referring to the Vedic or the Classical language.
		12Although /s/ can apparently occur in codas at some level (its sandhi treatment at the end of the word strongly suggests that it emerges from the lexicon as /s/, and the treatment of /s/ at the end of noun stems is totally analogous), verb stems consistently reject it from codas.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~bkessler/sandhi-WCCFL/WCCFL-sandhi.html.en.utf8 (5720 words)

	VV is for VVowels
		My dictionary says that a syllable is a unit of sound, generally larger than a phoneme, and that a syllable is composed of a vowel (or a syllabic consonant) plus optional preceding and following consonants.
		In other words, all syllables are based on vowels, except those which are based on consonants; and a vowel is the sound that a syllable is based on, unless it's a consonant.
		So, a syllable (the word is from Greek syllambanein, "to gather together") is a unit of sound that's constructed around a speech sound that's made with an unrestricted air flow.
	www.kith.org /logos/words/upper2/VVowels.html (791 words)

	VocalularyChap3
		The consonants are all preceded b a stressed syllable.
		It is the syllabic element that forms the core of a syllable.
		Gaps in the occurring syllable structures of a language that result from the exclusion of certain sequences.
	www.shsu.edu /~stdcrl12/Chap3Vocabulary.html (1215 words)

	SFI \| Seminar Abstract
		The syllables were presented separately and the hemodynamic response to each was measured.
		Ten syllables were used: /a, ta, la, ka, da, sa, sta, tag, skla, sklag/.
		Second, the number of syllable slots filled varied from 1 to 3 (nucleus (= vowel), consonant onset and consonant coda: /a ta tag/; this was the complexity dimension from the earlier study).
	www.santafe.edu /events/abstract/90 (583 words)

	Diphone databases
		Humans can often generate those so-called non-existent diphones if they try, and one must always think about phone pairs that cross over word boundaries as well, but even then, certain combinations cannot exist; for example, /hh/ /ng/ in English is probably impossible (we would probably insert a schwa).
		/ng/ may really only appears after the vowel in a syllable (in coda position); however, in other languages it can appear in syllable-initial position.
		/hh/ cannot appear at the end of a syllable, though sometimes it may be pronounced when trying to add aspiration to open vowels.
	festvox.org /bsv/c2261.html (870 words)

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