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Topic: Syllable weight

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	Syllable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The syllable nucleus is typically a sonorant, usually a vowel sound, in the form of a monophthong, diphthong, or triphthong, but sometimes sonorant consonants like [l] or [r].
		The syllable onset is the sound or sounds occurring before the nucleus, and the syllable coda (literally 'tail') is the sound or sounds that follow the nucleus.
		A heavy syllable is one with a branching rime or a branching nucleus — this is a metaphor, based on the nucleus or coda having lines that branch in a tree diagram.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Syllable (1067 words)

	SYLLABLE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A syllable (Ancient Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds.
		The syllable onset is the sound(s) occurring before the nucleus, and the syllable coda is the sound(s) occurring after the nucleus.
		A heavy syllable is one with a branching rime or a branching nucleus.
	www.factagent.com /syllable (885 words)

	Syllable nucleus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In phonetics and phonology, the nucleus (sometimes called peak) is the central part of the syllable, most commonly a vowel.
		In addition to a nucleus, a syllable may begin with an onset and end with a coda, but the only part of a syllable that is mandatory is the nucleus.
		Syllables with short vowels as nuclei are sometimes referred to as "light syllables" while syllables with long vowels, diphthongs, or triphthongs as nuclei are referred to as "heavy syllables"; see Syllable weight for more discussion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Syllable_nucleus (193 words)

	syllable Information Center - syllable
		A word that consists 100 syllable mantra of a single syllable (like English cat) is called a monosyllable (such a word is monosyllabic), while a word consisting of two teaching syllables syllables (like monkey) is called a disyllable (such a word is disyllabic).
		A heavy syllable is bible stories for little children in words of one syllable one with a branching rime or a branching nucleus.
		In some languages, syllable counter including English, breaking words into syllables a consonant may be analyzed as acting simultaneously as the coda of one syllable syllable activities and the onset spanish syllable of the next, kodaly baby names one syllable rhythm syllables a phenomenon known breaking syllables as ambisyllabicity.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_R_-_T/syllable.html (1049 words)

	sids
		The former may be thought of as a syllable's potential to receive prominence and the latter the actual degree of prominence observed when a word is uttered as part of a longer utterance.
		Syllables are generally considered to be composed of a number of constituents: onset, rhyme, nucleus and coda.
		Syllable weight The weight of a syllable depends on the make-up of its rhyme constituent.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/sid/sids.htm (1169 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For example, consider /'rɛbəl/ 'rebel' the noun (which places the emphasis on the first syllable) contrasted with /rə'bɛl/ 'rebel' the verb (which instead puts the emphasis on the second syllable).
		Another example are the words desert /'dɛzɚt/ and dessert /də'zɝt/ where in desert the stress is on the last syllable and dessert the stress is on the first syllable.
		In Missouri, the stress is on the second to last syllable and with misery the stress is on the first syllable.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Phonology (1442 words)

	Report on Prosodic Structure and Temporal Modelling
		However, [strong] syllables may occur inside [weak] feet; for example, the fourth syllable known in the phrase in the well-known maths department is [strong], but is dominated by a rhythmically [weak] foot.
		Weight is defined with regard to the subconstituents of the rhyme.
		In polymorphemic syllables such as cat+s, the weight of the syllable is determined according to the stem, and the suffix is treated as a syllable appendix.
	www-users.york.ac.uk /~lang19/york/duration.html (3985 words)

	Dissertation abstract: Matthew Gordon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To illustrate the process-driven nature of syllable weight, focus is on phonetic studies of two weight sensitive phenomena with divergent phonetic underpinnings: weight-sensitive tone and weight-sensitive stress.
		Phonetic considerations are demonstrated to both constrain the range of cross-linguistic variation in weight criteria and also to predict the language specific choice of weight criteria for a given phenomenon.
		Weight distinctions which are too complex phonologically are eschewed, even if they provide a better fit to the phonetic map than other simpler criteria.
	www.linguistics.ucla.edu /general/Dissertations/abstracts/Gordon.htm (336 words)

	Stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		syllables are those that coincide with the beat.
		Words may contrast with one to another as to which syllable is aligned with beat.
		Heavy syllables have long or tense vowels, or are closed by consonants.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu:16080 /ling120/Prosody/Stress.html (349 words)

	SILEWP 1997-001
		For example, an /m/ in a syllable coda is seen as a suffix that adds an [m]; or an /n/ in the coda is seen not as the phoneme /n/ but as a suffix that fronts, lengthens, and nasalizes the vowel.
		The Ancient Tibetan syllable template in Figure 1 shows the maximal Tibetan syllable at that time, with four onset slots and two coda slots, as in the word bsgrims, which is glossed 'twist with finger.' Over time the constituents of this template have eroded away, with various sound changes emerging to preserve contrast.
		Although the analysis of the syllable will later refer to syllabic weight, which is represented by moras, the onset-rhyme notation of the templates in Figures 1 and 2 is revealing for the hierarchy of the syllable constituents.
	www.sil.org /silewp/1997/001/SILEWP1997-001.html (4605 words)

	1
		Syllable as a domain: there are phonological processes and / or constraints which take the syllables as their domain of application (HP 207)(or the syllble is a natural domain for the statement of many phonotactic constraints Pgg 250).
		Syllable is linguistic universal—constituent in the universal prosodic hierarchy.
		Syllable structures that maximally conform to sonority sequencing principle are unmarked, and hence the CV syllable is very common and found in many languages.
	www.msu.edu /~machunhu/phonolgoy.htm (11182 words)

	Stress System Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A language which generally exhibits stress on the third syllable of a word, for example, may have some words with fewer than three syllables, and stress clearly cannot be assigned to these short words on the basis of the SPC "3L" which describes the third-syllable stress observed in longer words in the language.
		Pirahã, for example, distinguishes between 5 levels of syllable weight, with stress falling on the heaviest of the last three syllables in a word.
		In the event of a syllable weight tie, stress falls on the syllable which is closer to the end of the word.
	www.cf.ac.uk /psych/ssd (2644 words)

	Abstract: Gordon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This chapter explores the hypothesis that syllable weight is driven by phonetic considerations.
		This survey suggests that weight is not a property of languages, as predicted by most contemporary phonological theories, but rather is more closely linked to the particular phonological phenomenon involved.
		To illustrate the process-driven nature of syllable weight, I focus on two weight sensitive phenomena: weight-sensitive tone and weight-sensitive stress.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/linguistics/people/hayes/PBP/GordonAbstract.htm (301 words)

	Syllable Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Segments (or their gestures) are organized into larger units, e.g., syllables.
		Heavy syllables are composed of either a tense vowel, or a non-empty coda.
		Thus, weight is determined by the structure of the rime, but is not specifically determined by nucleus or coda.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /ling165/Intro_Phonology/Syllable_structure.html (298 words)

	SALA Conference
		Identical segment sequences may be assigned different weights in different languages, and consequently, may have different syllable structures.
		For instance, cvc syllables could be functionally equivalent to cvv (heavy) or cv (light) syllables and, a cvvc syllable could be trimoraic (superheavy) as in Hindi, or bimoraic (heavy) as in Malayalam.
		This is because stems may have only one accented syllable, and the initial syllable always bears this invariant accent.
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /sala25/saravanan.htm (390 words)

	[No title]
		Light syllables are a special case of open syllables, for they are open syllables which only have a short vowel.
		Accented syllables are syllables that are assigned prominence in a word or an utterance.
		We have thus seen that stress is dependent on several parameters, namely head direction (iambic or trochaic), footing direction (left-to-right or right-to-left), main stress assignment (rightmost or leftmost), extrametricality (of syllables or segments), and quantity-sensitivity (is stress sensitive to syllable weight or not).
	staff-www.uni-marburg.de /~uffmann/prosody.doc (1214 words)

	Syllable Weight
		The widely observed fact that the ``short'' vowels cannot occur in stressed, unchecked syllables amounts to the restriction that if the syllable contains a short vowel, a coda must be present.
		Syllable weight may be defined as branching structure within the rhyme, so that morae -- the units of syllable weight -- may be counted by counting the branches within the rhyme and adding one.
		An exemplar of pregenerative English vowel theory in which /r/ follows glides within the syllable was examined and its catalog of counterexamples to the theory that /r/ is a glide was systematically destroyed.
	www.tomveatch.com /Veatch1991/node23.html (407 words)

	[No title]
		In both of these structures, the moraic constituency of a (C)Vhg syllable is in no way different from that of a light syllable, so they offer no explanation of why another moraic constituent cannot be added.
		In contrast, the branching mora analysis preserves a simpler moraic syllable structure without a Nuc node and instead appeals to the notions of headedness, branchingness, and head prominence, which have independent motivation in linguistic theory.
		The fact that the branching mora structure is better able to account for Buriat syllable forms is an interesting result, because it shows that the presence of a Nuc node does not simplify an analysis of the distinction between maximal constituency and weight.
	roa.rutgers.edu /files/142-0996/roa-142-walker-3.doc (1422 words)

	The Syllable in Optimality Theory - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The syllable has always been a key concept in generative linguistics: the rules, representations, parameters, or constraints posited in diverse frameworks of theoretical phonology and morphology all make reference to this fundamental unit of prosodic structure.
		It provides an overview of the role of the syllable in OT and ways in which problems that relate to the analysis of syllable structure can be solved in OT.
		The syllable as a unit of prosodic organization in Japanese Haruo Kubozono; 5.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521772621 (422 words)

	Hotel Mora
		# The syllable nucleus represents one mora in the case of a short vowel, and two moras in the case of a long vowel or diphthong.
		In English, it is clear that the codas of stressed syllables represent a mora (thus, the word ''cat'' is bimoraic), but it is not clear whether the codas of unstressed syllables do (the second syllable of the word ''rabbit'' might be monomoraic).
		In general, monomoraic syllables are said to be ''light'', bimoraic syllables are said to be ''heavy'', and trimoraic syllables (in languages that have them) are said to be ''superheavy''.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/95/hotel-mora.html (1410 words)

	Phonology Seminar
		Topics include sonority constraints on moraic structure, the status of glides, s-clusters, syllable contact, and the representation of geminate consonants.
		The focus in Prosodic Morphology is on morphological processes that are delimited by phonological units such as the syllable, foot, or minimal word.
		Broselow, Ellen, Su-I Chen, and Marie Huffman (1997) “Syllable weight: convergence of phonology and
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~yucho/korean-syllabus/syllable-syllabus.html (423 words)

	Swedish phonotactic structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The syllables psychological reality as a relevant unit in the sound structure of a language should be evident, for instance, from the studies of children’s language and speech development.
		It has been shown that the syllable is a reality for the child even before the structure in consonants and vowels is achieved (Bruce 1998, Lexikalisk prosodi p 2).
		All syllables have to have a peak, sonoric nucleus, which, as mentioned above, usually is a vowel (or a diphthong).
	www.lacasahassel.net /cv/martin/rhymemat.htm (8133 words)

	[No title]
		Many of the data show that the syllables that are perceived as stressed involve higher pitch as well as greater amplitude, which suggests that Chonnam Korean is a stress-accent language according to the definition of Beckman (1987).
		We cannot say that the H tone is assigned to the syllable with a laryngeal onset in Chonnam calling contour since there are problematic data such as 'sujin' whose initial syllable is not realized as 'H' in vocative.
		Meanwhile, if we try to explain the H tone assignment purely in terms of the syllable weight, we are again faced with the data that do not conform the generalization such as 'Jung-Min, Dong-Chul, Myung-Jun', etc., whose initial syllable is not realized as 'H' even though they are Heavy.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Spring_1998/ling521/ko/esko3/third.html (957 words)

	Research - The University of Iowa
		The partial sensitivity to syllable weight exhibited by this language is a puzzle whose solution must take into account not only prosodic issues such as the moraic/non-moraic status of coda consonants and the shape and distribution of metrical feet, but also the overriding force exerted by certain morphemes.
		I have argued that the grammar of Cibaeño Spanish has reached a state in which all syllables are open.
		That is to say that any underlying consonants that are assigned to the syllable coda must either undergo changes in their featural structure to become non-consonantal, or they must delete.
	www.uiowa.edu /~spanport/personal/Pineros/research.htm (561 words)

	The Pronunciation of Ancient Greek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If the syllable's vowel sound is a diphthong, the accent goes over the second vowel, and the change in pitch occurs over the whole vowel sound (the whole diphthong).
		This usually occurs when there is only one syllable in the word or when the next syllable in the word is shorter than the accented syllable, so that there would not otherwise be enough time to fall back down to the beginning pitch.
		When we pronounce the long syllables, we are inclined to add a little stress (increased loudness) to these syllables, making them not only longer, but louder, or "heavier".
	turdpolish.com /greek3.html (888 words)

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