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| | Ancient Judaism |
 | | The earliest form of Judaism was characterized by explicit monotheism ("there is no god but Yahweh"), devotion to Jerusalem as the "holy city", and a belief in the future advent of a saviour figure or "messiah", descended from King David, who would establish a kingdom of justice and peace on earth. |
 | | A set of highly distinctive religious practices, including male circumcision, a ban on idol-worship, the sabbath and dietary laws (especially avoidance of pig's meat and the prohibition of eating meat and milk at the same meal), were strictly observed especially by Jews in the diaspora, where intermarriage with non-Jews was also officially resisted. |
 | | The two pillars by the main door of the Temple, the seven branched candle-stick (menorah), the high-priest's jewelled breastplate and the rams horn (shofar) are among the religious symbols appearing in early Jewish literature and synagogue art. |
| philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/ancjud.html (595 words) |
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