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Topic: Symmetric difference

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	Symmetric difference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The symmetric difference of the set of all students and the set of all females consists of all male students together with all female non-students.
		The symmetric difference of two repeated symmetric differences is the repeated symmetric difference of the join of the two multisets, where for each double set both can be removed.
		This implies a kind of triangle inequality: the symmetric difference of A and C is contained in the union of the symmetric difference of A and B and that of B and C.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Symmetric_difference (416 words)

	PlanetMath: symmetric difference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In general, an element will be in the symmetric difference of several sets iff it is in an odd number of the sets.
		It is worth noting that these properties show that the symmetric difference operation can be used as a group law to define an abelian group on the power set of some fixed set.
		This is version 11 of symmetric difference, born on 2001-11-16, modified 2006-04-12.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/SymmetricSetDifference.html (157 words)

	Difference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Difference is the contrary of equality, in particular of objects.
		Differences can only be stated on the basis of a comparison or categorization.
		Similar objects are only different with respect to attributes of minor discriminative value, but are dissimilar, i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Difference (170 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The symmetric difference of two objects is the closure of the set of points that lies in the interior of one, but not both, of the two specified objects.
		The symmetric difference between the initial square and final circle is hatched, the loop to be retained as the boundary of the intermediate object is drawn as a solid line, and non-loop segments 66 (to be trimmed away) are dashed.
		In the 3D context, the skeleton of the symmetric difference of the generating pair of 3D objects is trimmed by retaining collections of surfaces that enclose volume and whose maximal spheres contact the surfaces of both objects of the generating pair.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/53427.981126&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4407 words)

	Sequentially encoded data structures that support bidirectional scanning - Patent 3938105 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Symmetric difference separators of the two immediately adjacent data field types are generated by exclusive-OR addition and utilized as punctuation marks to support bidirectional scanning.
		The symmetric difference of any two adjacent fields is generated by computer hardware, and is used as a punctuation mark or separator between said adjacent fields.
		Symmetric difference separators are now computed as before, with one additional advantage: the table which formerly defined field length (when indexed by field type) now becomes the identity map and is no longer needed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3938105.html (9377 words)

	What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption? Where and why would you use one rather than the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One disadvantage in symmetric encryption is that both the sender and the recipient must have an access to the same encryption key.
		Symmetrical Encryption (also known as Secret Key Encryption) is a method by which data is encrypted with a single key (shared secret) and can be decrypted using exactly the same key.
		In symmetric encryption only one key is used by both parties for encryption and decryption for example, you encrypt a file using a password and tell your friend that password on phone so that he can open the file that you just mailed him.
	www.itsecurity.com /archive/asktecs/nov2002.htm (1625 words)

	Finite difference derivatives
		An expression for the derivative f'(x0) may be obtained from this by use of finite difference algebra beyond the scope of a short note.
		In general the symmetric difference form should be preferred as it usually results in a much smaller second order correction.
		And comparing the uncorrected forward difference value 1.1214 for h=1 with results in Table 2 of the article the systematic error is revealed.
	www.nezumi.demon.co.uk /consult/deriv.htm (735 words)

	treedist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Symmetric Difference is simply a count of how many partitions there are, among the two trees, that are on one tree and not on the other.
		If all trees have all their branches have length 1.0, the Branch Score Distance is the square of the Symmetric Difference, as each branch that is present in one but not in the other results in 1.0 being added to the sum of squared differences.
		The Symmetric Difference between two rooted trees is simply the count of the number of clades that are defined by one but not by the other.
	evolution.genetics.washington.edu /phylip/doc/treedist.html (2429 words)

	Summary for 6-8-98
		we saw three ways to do this: forward difference, backward difference, and symmetric difference (which is actually the average of the forward and backward differences).
		The forward difference is just the difference quotient with h>0, taking h as small as the data will allow.
		The backward difference is the similar quotient with h<0.
	itech.fgcu.edu /faculty/clindsey/mac2311/summary6-8-98.html (514 words)

	Formal Structure of Dialectical Psychology
		Thesis and antithesis are expressed by the symmetric difference; synthesis and context, by its complement.
		Here $ denotes the symmetric difference of C and C'; & is the set product or intersection; v is the set-theoretic sum or union; -C denotes the set-theoretic complement of C, and similarly for -C'; and \ is the (relative) set-theoretic difference.
		Thus the triple symmetric difference among P, W, and L admits an expansion of what is presently known to new entities and concepts, in other words - accomodation.
	www.goertzel.org /dynapsyc/1996/formstr.html (3870 words)

	Preliminaries
		Proof: The symmetric difference here is a set-theoretic formulation to interchange the matched and unmatched edges in P.
		Table 4.1: Possible types of components formed by a symmetric difference of two matchings M and M'.
		Figure 4.3: The symmetric difference of the matchings of figure 4.1 and figure 4.2.
	www.nissenland.de /diplom/node34.html (465 words)

	Finite Difference Method - Introduction with Examples in Matlab
		The 5-Point-Stencil and the compact 9-Point-Stencil Finite Difference Discretization schemes are used to solve Poisson's equation.
		This is the maximal absolute difference between the computed solution and the exact solution.
		Symmetric Difference is used to discretize the Neumann boundary
	www.ians.uni-stuttgart.de /nmh/teaching/projects/schmid/finite_difference_method.shtml (729 words)

	Symmetry in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Now it also happens that the symmetric difference is one of the two universals for the category of sets (Kostrikin and Shafarevich, 1990: Sec.
		As indicated above, it is of both a symmetric and an asymmetric nature in that it measures the degree of equality of two sets, one of which may be a transform of the other.
		Given the aesthetic satisfaction that accrues to facial symmetry and to symmetry in general, one is led to wonder whether the symmetric difference may perhaps be involved in a significant way in the general psychology of perception.
	www.mi.sanu.ac.yu /vismath/hoffman (3552 words)

	Recipe 4.8. Computing Union, Intersection, or Difference of Unique Lists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Two different hashes are used to record whether a particular item goes in the union or the intersection.
		Keys whose values are 1 were in just one of the two arrays, so they are put in the difference array.
		difference is the set of all the elements that are members of either
	www.unix.org.ua /orelly/perl/cookbook/ch04_09.htm (526 words)

	set_symmetric_difference
		differ in how they define whether one element is less than another.
		is the number of elements in the symmetric difference of the two input ranges.
		Symmetric difference of A1 and A2: 1 2 7 8 9 11 13 Symmetric difference of A3 and A4: B B C D F g H
	www.sgi.com /tech/stl/set_symmetric_difference.html (415 words)

	What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric bandwidth? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is possible that the packets may travel along different routes, going one direction versus the other.
		Symmetric bandwidth corresponds to the situation when the maximum rate of transfer is the same in both directions.
		Asymmetric bandwidth corresponds to the situation when the maximum rate of transfer is different in each direction.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /ateQuestionNResponse/0,289625,sid7_gci1007833_tax293255,00.html (250 words)

	Growth Models, Part 2
		This is the symmetric difference approximation to the derivative.
		Use symmetric differences to estimate the rate of growth of Houston in 1900 and in 1950.
		In later parts of this module we will use symmetric differences on data that is not evenly spaced -- in contrast to the Houston population data, which was given every ten years.
	www.math.duke.edu /education/ccp/materials/postcalc/growth/growth2.html (1424 words)

	Two Groups: Nonparametric Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The scale of measurement for the difference score is ratio, there is a rational zero point for salary differences.
		The computation of the value of the Wilcoxon test involves a) computing the difference scores, b) ranking the absolute values of the difference scores, and then c) finding the Mean Rank for all the cases with negative difference scores and the Mean Rank for all cases with positive difference scores.
		The total number of positive difference scores was 474, the total number of cases.
	web.uccs.edu /lbecker/spss80/nonpar.htm (1703 words)

	cspice_sdiff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		the call: cspice_diff, a, b, c returns: c is a CSPICE set, distinct from sets 'a' and 'b' but with the same type, containing the difference of 'a' and 'b' (that is, all of the elements which are in 'a' or 'b' but NOT both).
		;; cspice_insrti, ints1, a cspice_insrti, ints2, b ;; ;; Calculate the symmetric difference between sets, ;; 'a' and 'b' return that difference to set 'c'.
		difference {c,d} = {a,b,c,d} {a,b,c} {b,c,d} {a,d} {a,b,c,d} {} {a,b,c,d} {} {a,b,c,d} {a,b,c,d} {} {} {} The user must create any needed cell structures with cspice_celld, cspice_celli prior to use regardless of whether the routine uses the cell as input or returns it as output.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /~marsdata/icy/cspice_sdiff.html (436 words)

	CS154 Assignment 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		) The symmetric difference of two languages L and M is the set of strings that are in exactly one of L and M.
		Prove that if L and M are regular, so is the symmetric difference of L and M.
		You should modify this construction, rather than, say, expressing symmetric difference in terms of other operations that we know preserve regularity.
	www-db.stanford.edu /~ullman/ialc/win00/hw2.html (467 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The symmetric difference between sets of qualitative elements (features) forms the basis of a distance model that can be used for fitting a particular class of networks, called feature graphs.
		Each node of the network corresponds to a row (column) entry of a given symmetric proximity matrix, and the aim of the method is to find weighted edges so that the total pathlength distance between nodes approximates the pairwise proximities in a least squares sense.
		The model differs from a number of classical rivals in that all our conclusions based on the data (inferences) remain identical when the observed survival times are replaced by their ranks.
	vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si /trubar/preddvor/1998/abs98.htm (630 words)

	PlanetMath: set difference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		which, in general, is not the same as the set difference of
		See Also: symmetric difference, the inverse image commutes with set operations
		This is version 17 of set difference, born on 2001-11-16, modified 2005-10-05.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/SetDifference.html (111 words)

	Matching Convex Shapes with Respect to the Symmetric Difference - Alt, Fuchs, Rote, Weber (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We show that if we just let the two centers of gravity coincide, the resulting symmetric difference is within a factor of 11/3 of the optimum.
		...of symmetric di erence, and the di erence of normalised indicators.
		The volume of symmetric di erence was previously used by Alt et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /267158.html (658 words)

	SSRN-Sign Tests for Dependent Observations and Bounds for Path-Dependent Options by Donald Brown, Rustam Ibragimov
		The present paper introduces new sign tests for testing for conditionally symmetric martingale-difference assumptions as well as for testing that conditional distributions of two (arbitrary) martingale-difference sequences are the same.
		symmetric Bernoulli random variables and thus reduces the problem of estimating the critical values of the tests to computing the quantiles or moments of Binomial or normal distributions.
		symmetric two-valued log-returns and, thus, reduce the problem of derivative pricing in the trinomial model with dependence to the i.i.d.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=738384 (549 words)

	[No title]
		The symmetric difference function and the equality predicate run in _linear_ time, with respect to the magnitude of the largest numeral in question.
		First, we load the calculator and the definitions of common lambda terms (such as true, false, lif, and cons), as well as the definitions of the Church numerals (constants c0, c1, c2 and c3 and the term succ).
		We can use the difference combinator to derive the equality predicate for two Church numerals: > ceq = ci ^ cj ^ zerop # (diffs # ci # cj) Let us test the equality predicate: Main> eval $ ceq # c0 # c0 (\x.
	okmij.org /ftp/Haskell/bluff.lhs (634 words)

	Ons -- a theory of truly elementary particles, explaining the emergence of structure from void in physics and psychology
		There are three different types of metaon; and the interactions of ons are dependent upon what kind of metaon the ons reside in.
		To determine the result when metaons of different type interact, one must introduce the notion of order and ask which one is the "actor" of the transaction: the type of the result is then the type of the actor.
		The appearance of symmetric difference here is interesting and important; for, as William Hoffmann has noted, the symmetric difference is the natural mathematical implementation of the philosophical idea of dialectics.
	www.goertzel.org /papers/ons.html (4569 words)

	SSRN-Correspondence Analysis of Two Transition Tables by Michael Greenacre, José García Clavel
		The case of two transition tables is considered, that is two square asymmetric matrices of frequencies where the rows and columns of the matrices are the same objects observed at three different time points.
		Different ways of visualizing the tables, either separately or jointly, are examined.
		We generalize an existing idea where a square matrix is descomposed into symmetric and skew-symmetric parts to two matrices, leading to a decomposition into four components: (1) average symmetric, (2) average skew-symmetric, (3) symmetric difference from average, and (4) skew-symmetric difference from average.
	papers.ssrn.com /soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=108534 (217 words)

	Similarity Metrics
		Each t-map is converted into a vector or 82 components, each component representing the percentage of overlap between voxels in the t-map and one of the 82 left/right differentiated Brodmann regions.
		The symmetric difference EMD computes the earth mover's distance between the symmetric difference of two Brodmann regions.
		The symmetric Hausdorff distance is the classical definition of the Hausdorff distance.
	www.scils.rutgers.edu /~brim/PUBLIC/OtherMetrics (235 words)

	ASPN : Python Cookbook : Integer set type (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The constructor accepts an unlimited number of arguments that may either be tuples in the form of (start,stop) where either start or stop may be a number or None to represent maximum/minimum in that direction.
		The range specified by (start,stop) is always inclusive (differing from the builtin range operator).
		__sub__ = _make_function("__sub__","set", "Difference of two sets as a new set.", lambda s: s["r1"] and not s["r2"]) __rsub__ = _make_function("__rsub__","set", "Difference of two sets as a new set.", lambda s: s["r2"] and not s["r1"]) difference = _make_function("difference","set", "Difference of two sets as a new set.", lambda s: s["r1"] and not s["r2"]) # Symmetric difference.
	aspn.activestate.com /ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/466286 (1221 words)

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