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Topic: Symmetric encryption

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	Symmetric key algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The encryption key is trivially related to the decryption key, in that they may be identical or there is a simple transform to go between the two keys.
		In modern cryptosystem designs, both asymmetric and symmetric algorithms are used to take advantage of the virtues of both.
		Symmetric ciphers are often susceptible to known-plaintext attacks, chosen plaintext attacks, differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Symmetric_key (727 words)

	Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority - Symmetric encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Symmetric encryption is also a traditional method the implementation of which has a long history.
		In symmetric encryption the problem is the administration of keys, for both the sender and the recipient of a message shall have possession to the same encryption key.
		The encryption algorithm used for AES is Rijndael, which is a symmetric encryption algorithm based on block cipher encryption.
	www.ficora.fi /englanti/tietoturva/symmetrinen.htm (330 words)

	Understand the differences between public key and symmetric key encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Symmetric key encryption involves using a single key to encrypt and decrypt data.
		Public key encryption on the other hand uses a pair of keys: a public key that's sent along with the message and a private key which is always in the possession of the recipient.
		The encryption key is then sent in a packet encrypted using the public key algorithm.
	www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com /netsecur/article.php/623901 (779 words)

	Public Key and Symmetric Key Encryption
		Public key encryption algorithms are generally much slower than symmetric key algorithms and usually require a much larger key size and a way to generate large prime numbers to use as components of the key, making them more resource intensive.
		The security of a symmetric key algorithm relies on the difficulty of determining which boxes were used and the number of times the data was fed through the set of boxes.
		The disadvantage of symmetric key encryption is that it depends heavily on a secure channel to send the key to your friend.
	www.mickeytheman.com /boardnation/Wc8f29f68ea119.htm (1819 words)

	Private Key Symmetric Encryption - MyCrypto.net
		Private Key encryption, also referred to as conventional, single-key or symmetric encryption was the only available option prior to the advent of Public Key encryption in 1976.
		Decryption Algorithm - This is the encryption algorithm in reverse.
		When using this form of encryption, it is essential that the sender and receiver have a way to exchange secret keys in a secure manner.
	www.mycrypto.net /encryption/private_key_encryption.html (321 words)

	Introduction to Encryption
		Encryption is said to occur when data is passed through a series of mathematical operations that generate an alternate form of that data; the sequence of these operations is called an algorithm.
		Encryption provides a secure means for users to connect to their employer?s network from outside of the home or office.
		Encryption can be very useful in protecting information that is being transmitted from one computer to another; however it does nothing to protect the integrity of the channels along which those messages travel.
	www.securityfocus.com /infocus/1181 (2543 words)

	Symmetric Encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The salt is appended to the encryption key, and this lengthened key is used to encrypt the message.
		An initialization vector s0 is used as a ``seed'' for a sequence of data blocks si, and each data block si is derived from the encryption of the previous data block si-1.
		The encryption of a plaintext block is derived by taking the XOR of the plaintext block with the relevant data block.
	www.randomneuron.com /security/symencrypt.htm (251 words)

	Güneş Kayacık Online - Research Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An encryption key is a number used in a mathematical formual (encryption algorithm) to encrypt data.
		There are two types of encryption: symmetric encryption, and public key encryption.
		Since symmetric keys cannot be shared easily, and public/private key encryption is bulky and slow, most encryption systems use both types of encryption.
	bornova.ege.edu.tr /~kayacik/research/secure_eng.htm (503 words)

	Cryptography and Encryption - CryptoForge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Encryption is the process in which data (plaintext) is translated into something that appears to be random and meaningless (ciphertext).
		The goal of every encryption algorithm is to make it as difficult as possible to decrypt the generated ciphertext without using the key.
		Although CryptoForge allows encryption with more than one algorithm, for most users this might be considered unnecessary, because the level of protection provided by any of the employed algorithms is (at least in the unclassified world), good enough.
	www.cryptoforge.com /security.htm (855 words)

	Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography
		In general, the strength of encryption is related to the difficulty of discovering the key, which in turn depends on both the cipher used and the length of the key.
		Encryption strength is often described in terms of the size of the keys used to perform the encryption: in general, longer keys provide stronger encryption.
		Separate signing and encryption certificates make it possible to keep the private signing key on the local machine only, thus providing maximum nonrepudiation, and to back up the private encryption key in some central location where it can be retrieved in case the user loses the original key or leaves the company.
	docs.sun.com /source/816-6154-10 (8268 words)

	Types of encryption in pcAnywhere
		Symmetric encryption is stronger than the pcAnywhere level of encryption.
		While the session is protected by public key encryption, a session key (as explained in symmetric encryption) is transmitted to the recipient.
		This follows established procedures in which public key encryption is used for signature applications and short data blocks and symmetric key pairs are used for bulk data encryption.
	service1.symantec.com /SUPPORT/pca.nsf/docid/2001060508510012 (848 words)

	Overview of Cryptographic Algorithms, etc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In symmetric (also called "secret-key" and, unfortunately, "private key") encryption, the same key (or another key fairly easily computed from the first) is used for both encryption and decryption.
		In symmetric encryption, the same key (or another key fairly easily computed from the first) is used for both encryption and decryption.
		In public-key encryption, a pair of keys is generated; the public key is published and distributed to the public, and the private key is retained and kept secret by the owner.
	www.itsc.state.md.us /oldsite/info/InternetSecurity/Crypto/CryptoIntro.htm (3603 words)

	How To: Encrypt and Decrypt Data Using a Symmetric (Rijndael) Key (C#/VB.NET)
		The key is derived from several characteristics passed to encryption and decryption routines.
		As long as encryption and decryption routines use the same ' parameters to generate the keys, the keys are guaranteed to be the same.
		In a real-life application, ' this may not be the most efficient way of handling encryption, so - as ' soon as you feel comfortable with it - you may want to redesign this class.
	www.obviex.com /samples/Encryption.aspx (2945 words)

	Definition of Encryption
		Encryption is a process of translating a message, called the Plaintext, into an encoded message, called the Ciphertext.
		Symmetric Encryption, where a single secret key is used for both encryption and decryption.
		Asymmetric Encryption, where a pair of keys is used -- one for Encryption and the other for Decryption.
	mtechit.com /concepts/encryption.html (168 words)

	Symmetric Key Encryption
		The encryption key can be calculated from the decryption key and the decryption key can be calculated from the encryption key.
		Symmetric key encryption is used for authentication and exchange of secret data on the world wide web.
		The information is authentic because the information with one symmetric key can only be decrypted with the same key.
	faculty.quinnipiac.edu /business/accounting/webquest/kirschner/symmetric_key_encryption.asp (679 words)

	Programming Internet Security with xTyAESCrypter, Secure FTP, HIPAA compliance, File Encryption, HTML Encryption, Free ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Symmetric Key Encryption is also called secret key encryption because it uses the same key (called secret key, symmetric key, or session key depending on who you are talking to) for both encryption and decryption.
		In contrast, Public Key Encryption is called asymmetric key encryption because it uses a pair of keys (public key and private key).
		The Rijndael (AES) algorithm is the strongest and the most efficient symmetric encryption algorithm, and the RSA is the most reliable public key encryption algorithm.
	www.xtytech.com /doc/whitepaper.htm (1261 words)

	File Encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Private-key encryption algorithms use a single private key to encrypt and decrypt data so it also referred to as symmetric encryption because the same key is used for encryption and decryption.
		The disadvantage of private-key encryption is that it presumes two parties have agreed on a key and IV and communicated their values.
		Because of these problems, private-key encryption is often used in conjunction with public-key encryption to privately communicate the values of the key and IV.
	www.c-sharpcorner.com /Code/2002/May/FileEncryption.asp (511 words)

	Symmetric encryption: why not use private keys?
		This would mean rock-solid encryption as long as your private key is not compromised, with a second tier of protection via th e passphrase.
		I could just use public key encryption, but from the research I've bee n doing on sci.crypt, it sounds like symmetric encryption is generally regarde d as faster and tighter.
		"Symmetric" means that the same key is use d to encrypt and decrypt, not that no key is used at all.
	www.webservertalk.com /message378942.html (2681 words)

	[No title]
		Encryption is the process of transforming information so it can't be decrypted or read by anyone but the intended recipient.
		One problem with symmetric encryption is that anyone who uncovers the key can decrypt your messages, as well as encrypt new messages so they would appear as authentic as yours.
		The encryption keys discussed in the previous sections are complex mathematical functions that are easy to compute in one direction and extremely difficult to compute in the reverse.
	www.novell.com /documentation/nas4nw/usnas4nw/nasnwenu/security.html (10969 words)

	Managing XML Encryption with Java
		Because the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data with symmetric cryptography, the decryption process is essentially a reversal of the encryption process.
		The main problem with symmetric cryptography is that the keys must be shared between parties involved in the encryption or decryption processes.
		Asymmetric cryptography is more expensive than symmetric encryption in terms of computational resources; therefore, developers ordinarily use asymmetric encryption only to exchange a shared symmetric key, which is then used by the sender and receiver for the duration of the data exchange in a symmetric-based conversation.
	www.devx.com /xml/Article/28701/0/page/2 (442 words)

	Specification of Element-wise XML Encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The content-encryption key may be a symmetric key shared with the recipients or a symmetric key generated randomly (which is encrypted with recipients' public keys).
		For each recipient, the content-encryption key is encrypted with the recipient's public key, a pairwise symmetric key generated from the sender's private key and the recipient's public key, or a symmetric key shared with the recipient.
		Any symmetric encryption algorithm which an implementation includes as a content-encryption algorithm must also be included as a key-encryption algorithm.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/xml-encryption/2000Aug/att-0005/01-xmlenc-spec.html (2560 words)

	Verkot: Model answer 1, st-98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In asymmetric encryption every user has a pair of keys: one is public and the other is private (secret).
		In symmetric encryption the file or message is both en- and decrypted with the same key.
		This one key is used both for the encryption and for the decryption of messages or files.
	www.tml.hut.fi /Opinnot/Tik-110.350/English/1998/assign_01_model.html (791 words)

	Description of Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption
		Symmetric encryption is the oldest and best-known technique.
		A problem with asymmetric encryption, however, is that it is slower than symmetric encryption.
		To use asymmetric encryption, there must be a way for people to discover other public keys.
	support.microsoft.com /default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q246071 (443 words)

	RFC 2984 (rfc2984) - Use of the CAST-128 Encryption Algorithm in CMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The CAST-128 encryption algorithm [RFC2144, Adams] is a well-studied symmetric cipher that has a number of appealing features, including relatively high performance and a variable key size (from 40 bits to 128 bits).
		Generation and distribution of key- encryption keys are beyond the scope of this document.
		If users require CAST-128 for symmetric encryption, it MUST be supported by the S/MIME clients on both the sending and receiving side, and it MUST be set in the user preferences.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2984.html (1170 words)

	4GuysFromRolla.com - Using Symmetric Cryptography in an ASP.NET Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are generally two main types of encryption and decryption algorithms, symmetric and asymmetric.
		In symmetric encryption, a secret key or password is used to scramble data.
		DES and RC2 are examples of symmetric algorithms.
	www.4guysfromrolla.com /webtech/090501-1.shtml (794 words)

	Java Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Symmetric algorithms use a single key to encrypt and decrypt data.
		OAEPWithAndPadding: Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding scheme defined in PKCS #1, where should be replaced by the message digest and by the mask generation function.
		We have examined symmetric encryption and decryption and have looked and an example that uses DES to generate keys, encrypt data, and decrypt data.
	www.informit.com /guides/content.asp?g=java&seqNum=31 (1278 words)

	Symmetric Encryption: .NET, CryptoAPI and Java 2
		A specific example using Triple DES encryption is used to demonstrate generating the identical ciphertext using CryptoAPI,.NET and Java 2.
		Using an ExponentOfOne RSA asymmetric key means that the encryption block of the exported SIMPLEBLOB is not actually encrypted at all, so we can easily extract the symmetric key bytes for use and comparison with encryption in.NET and Java 2.
		Using the symmetric encryption C sample code from: Example C Program: Encrypting a File and changing the algorithm to CALG_3DES and specifying an Initialization Vector, the basic changes are:
	www.jensign.com /JavaScience/dotnet/NetDESEncrypt (831 words)

	RFC 3058
		Each algorithm which is used for encryption purposes must be specified by a unique algorithm identifier.
		However, according to [CMS] any symmetric encryption algorithm that a CMS implementation includes as a content-encryption algorithm must also be included as a key-encryption algorithm.
		Generation and distribution of IDEA key- encryption keys are beyond the scope of this document.
	library.n0i.net /rfc/html/rfc3058.html (1638 words)

	FIPS 46-2 - (DES), Data Encryption Standard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A random 64-bite number is generated and defined to be the cipher formed by the encryption of a key using a key encrypting key.
		The specific utilization of encryption and the implementation of the DES will be based on many factors particular to the computer system and its associated components.
		The Data Encryption Standard is being made available for use by Federal agencies within the context of a total security program consisting of physical security procedures, good information management practices, and computer system/network access controls.
	www.itl.nist.gov /fipspubs/fip46-2.htm (4515 words)

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