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Topic: Symmetric key

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	Public-key cryptography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Public key cryptography is a form of cryptography which generally allows users to communicate securely without having prior access to a shared secret key, by using a pair of cryptographic keys, designated as public key and private key, which are related mathematically.
		With a symmetric key system, Alice first puts the secret message in a box, and then locks the box using a padlock to which she has a key.
		Whatever the cryptographic assurance of the protocols themselves, the association between a public key and its owner is ultimately a matter of subjective judgement on the part of the trusted third party, since the key is a mathematical entity whilst the owner and the connection between owner and key is not.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_key (2981 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A symmetric-key algorithm is an algorithm for cryptography that uses the same cryptographic key to encrypt and decrypt the message.
		Symmetric-key algorithms are generally much faster to execute electronically than asymmetric key algorithms.
		Since keys are subject to discovery by a cryptographic adversary, they need to be changed often and kept secure during distribution and in service.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Symmetric_algorithm (239 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Use of the latter term is discouraged because of conflict with the term private key in public key cryptography.
		symmetric algorithm genetic algorithm algorithm triangle tristrip layout genetic algorithm
		HSX Helically Symmetric eXperiment is a university scale plasma experiment based on the large-aspect-ratio helically-symmetric stellarator approach.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Symmetric_key_algorithm.html (582 words)

	Encryption
		Symmetric key and public key encryption are used, often in conjunction, to provide a variety of security functions for network and information security.
		Because public key encryption places a much heavier computational load on computer processors than symmetric key encryption, symmetric key technology is generally used to provide secrecy for the bulk encryption and decryption of information.
		Public key encryption requires the use of both a private key (a key that is known only to its owner) and a public key (a key that is available to and known to other entities on the network).
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/Windows/2000/server/reskit/en-us/distrib/dsch_key_tenv.asp?frame=true (660 words)

	Symmetric Key Length (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Symmetric key encryption is subject to key search attacks (also called brute force attacks).
		However, the time that is required to launch a successful key search attack (that is, the time that is required to discover a symmetric key) has diminished as the computing power that is available to attackers has increased.
		Symmetric keys that are at least 64 bits long generally provide strong protection against brute force attacks.
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/Windows/2000/server/reskit/en-us/distrib/dsch_key_dewi.asp?frame=true (544 words)

	Public Key and Symmetric Key Encryption
		Public key encryption algorithms are generally much slower than symmetric key algorithms and usually require a much larger key size and a way to generate large prime numbers to use as components of the key, making them more resource intensive.
		The security of a symmetric key algorithm relies on the difficulty of determining which boxes were used and the number of times the data was fed through the set of boxes.
		The disadvantage of symmetric key encryption is that it depends heavily on a secure channel to send the key to your friend.
	www.mickeytheman.com /boardnation/Wc8f29f68ea119.htm (1819 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Symmetric-key algorithms are a class of algorithms for cryptography that use trivially related cryptographic keys for both decryption and encryption.
		The encryption key is trivially related to the decryption key, in that they may be identical or there is a simple transform to go between the two keys.
		The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Symmetric-key-algorithm.htm (530 words)

	Public Key Cryptography
		A key is simply a parameter to the algorithm that allows the encryption and decryption process to occur.
		In asymmetric key cryptography, one key is used for encryption and another, mathematically related key, is used for decryption.
		Further, public key cryptography is used in situations where the recipient of a message must have confidence that the message received was received as intended by the sender and has not been altered or forged in any manner.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /str/descriptions/publickey_body.html (2079 words)

	Symmetric Key Encryption
		Symmetric key encryption is used for authentication and exchange of secret data on the world wide web.
		The keys must be distributed to the sender and receiver in secret.
		If an attacker intercepts the key, they will be able to decrypt the messages that are being sent from the sender to the receiver.
	faculty.quinnipiac.edu /business/accounting/webquest/kirschner/symmetric_key_encryption.asp (679 words)

	Understand the differences between public key and symmetric key encryption
		Key to success in data migration projects is identifying risks and putting migration strategies in place.
		Symmetric key encryption involves using a single key to encrypt and decrypt data.
		Public key encryption on the other hand uses a pair of keys: a public key that's sent along with the message and a private key which is always in the possession of the recipient.
	www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com /netsecur/article.php/623901 (903 words)

	Cryptography on Linux - Symmetric Key Algorithms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Symmetric key algorithms, sometimes referred to as "secret key" algorithms use the same key to decrypt a message as they do to encrypt the message.
		Sharing the key between sender and receiver must be done very carefully to avoid unauthorized interception of the key.
		Because the same key must be shared between both the encryptor and the decryptor, that key must be communicated before and encrypted messages can be transmitted.
	www.wittsend.com /crypto/notes10.html (573 words)

	IPSec Cryptography
		The keys are typically large numbers with particular mathematical properties so that when they are used with the cryptosystem algorithms they form ciphertext that is difficult to decode without knowing the key.
		Symmetric key cryptography uses a single key for encryption and decryption.
		In addition, the key can only be known by the sender and receiver to maintain integrity, so it is sometimes referred to as "secret key" cryptography.
	docs.hp.com /en/J4255-90011/ch04s02.html (587 words)

	Sensors Magazine Online - July 2004 - Securing Wireless Networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rijndael is a symmetric block cipher that processes 128-bit data blocks using cipher keys of 128-, 192-, or 256-bit lengths.
		The Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol (also called exponential key agreement) was developed by Diffie and Hellman (DH76) in 1976 and published in their groundbreaking paper “New Directions in Cryptography.” The protocol allows two users to exchange a secret key over an insecure medium.
		The public key can be used by anyone to verify a message signed with the private key or to encrypt a message that can be decrypted only by using the private key.
	www.sensorsmag.com /articles/0704/14/main.shtml (2575 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		it is sufficient for it to be to compute the decryption key from the key and vice versa.) Other terms for encryption are single-key and private-key encryption.
		Use of the latter term sometimes conflict with the term private key in public key cryptography.
		The requirement to choose distribute and store keys error and without loss is a difficulty.
	www.freeglossary.com /Symmetric_Algorithms (411 words)

	RFC 3766 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		While it is fairly easy to express the system strength requirements in terms of a symmetric key length and to choose a cipher that has a key length equal to or exceeding that requirement, it is harder to choose a public key that has a cryptographic strength meeting a symmetric key strength requirement.
		Thus, the implementor is faced with the task of trying to match the difficulty of an attack on the symmetric key with the difficulty of an attack on the public key encryption.
		For RSA key exchange, assume that Bob has a public key (m) which is equal to p*q, where p and q are two secret prime numbers, and an encryption exponent e, and a decryption exponent d.
	asg.web.cmu.edu /rfc/rfc3766.html (7026 words)

	Symmetric Key Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A second key benefit is reduced software maintenance...
		What's more, the symmetric processor enjoys the advantage of...
		that they see the value of different tools, both symmetric and public-key crypto, at...
	www.wikiverse.org /symmetric-key-algorithm (315 words)

	perl.com: Symmetric Cryptography in Perl
		New keys are easy to generate, so the compromise of a single key is a smaller problem.
		Algorithms that use the same key for both encryption and decryption are called symmetric ciphers.
		Symmetric ciphers usually use randomly generated keys (typically between 64 and 256 bits in length), and computers are notoriously bad at truly random number generation.
	www.perl.com /pub/a/2001/07/10/crypto.html (960 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Blocks of 64 bits have been commonly used; the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithmapproved by NIST in December 2001 uses 128-bitblocks.
		The disadvantage of symmetric-key algorithms is the requirementof a shared secret key, with one copy at each end.
		Since keys are subject to discovery by a cryptographic adversary,they need to be changed often and kept secure during distribution andin service.
	www.therfcc.org /symmetric-key-algorithm-72530.html (238 words)

	Common questions about symmetric or public key encryption in pcAnywhere
		Even if someone captures the public keys, the transmission is secure because the private key, which is never sent, is required to decrypt the data stream.
		Once this authentication has been done, the rest of the data stream is encrypted using a symmetric key pair that the host and remote generate before each connection.
		Symmetric key pairs are used for bulk data encryption.
	service1.symantec.com /SUPPORT/pca.nsf/pfdocs/1999022312571812 (549 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		since keys are subject to unauthorized copying (most ominously, by The Opposition), keys should be changed frequently to render any copied keys worthless.
		The consequent requirement to choose and distribute keys without error and without loss is a difficulty.
		Given the presence of humans in the distribution mechanisms, there is no prospect of a solution.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/s/sy/symmetric_key_algorithm.html (225 words)

	What are symmetric and asymmetric ciphers?
		Symmetric systems are also known as shared secret systems or private key systems.
		Symmetric ciphers are significantly faster than asymmetric ciphers, but the requirements for key exchange make them difficult to use.
		The asymmetric cipher is used to encrypt a session key and the encrypted session key is then used to encrypt the actual message.
	www.tech-faq.com /symmetric-asymmetric.shtml (271 words)

	hongmeig's WebLog : Symmetric key based encryption in WSE 2.0 ( part 1 ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Symmetric key based encryption in WSE 2.0 (part 1)
		In WSE 1.0, symmetric key encryption could be done through decryption key provider.
		There are generally two ways to do a symmetric key encryption, commonly known as share secret encryption in WSE 2.0
	weblogs.asp.net /hongmeig/archive/2004/09/15/229810.aspx (345 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Symmetric-key algorithms are generally much faster to electronically than asymmetric key algorithms.
		keys are subject to discovery by a adversary they need to be changed often kept secure during distribution and in service.
		Many early music groups these days explain cross-cultural musical influences in their program notes, and proceed to play their selections accordingly.
	www.freeglossary.com /Symmetric_algorithm (411 words)

	RSA Security - 2.1.2 What is secret-key cryptography?
		Secret-key cryptography is sometimes referred to as symmetric cryptography.
		It is the more traditional form of cryptography, in which a single key can be used to encrypt and decrypt a message.
		The main problem with secret-key cryptosystems is getting the sender and receiver to agree on the secret key without anyone else finding out.
	www.rsasecurity.com /rsalabs/node.asp?id=2166 (170 words)

	symmetric-key cryptography - Internetnews.com - Webopedia.com
		Contrast this with public-key cryptology, which utilizes two keys - a public key to encrypt messages and a private key to decrypt them.
		Symmetric-key systems are simpler and faster, but their main drawback is that the two parties must somehow exchange the key in a secure way.
		Public-key encryption avoids this problem because the public key can be distributed in a non-secure way, and the private key is never transmitted.
	inews.webopedia.com /TERM/S/symmetric_key_cryptography.htm (115 words)

	Cryptography (Linktionary term)
		While the algorithm always operates the same way, the use of a key ensures that the output will always be different (given the same input).
		The key is also used to unlock the encrypted data by using the same algorithm in reverse.
		Every person has a set of keys and one is held private while the other is made publicly available.
	www.linktionary.com /c/cryptography.html (579 words)

	Symmetric Key Cryptography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Decryption is the reverse operation: its input consists of the ciphertext and a key, and its output is the original plaintext.
		There are algorithms where the decryption key differs from the corresponding encryption key.
		While cryptographic operations are performed passphrases and keys are stored in plaintext in the main memory of the computer.
	www.algorithmic-solutions.info /leda_manual/Symmetric_Key_Cryptography.html (1431 words)

	Conversion and Proxy Functions for Symmetric Key Ciphers (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abstract: As a general design criterion, a symmetric key cipher should not be closed under functional composition due to the implications on the security of the cipher.
		However, there are scenarios in which this property is desirable and can be obtained without reducing the security of a cipher by increasing the computational workload of the cipher.
		We expand the idea of a symmetric key cipher being closed under functional composition to a more general scenario where there exists a function that converts...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /719340.html (301 words)

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