Symmetry (biology)

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Topic: Symmetry (biology)

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	Symmetry
		Symmetry occurs in geometry, mathematics, physics, biology, art, literature ( palindromes), etc.
		Symmetry is used in the design of the overall floor plan of buildings as well as the design of individual building elements such as doors, windows, floors, frieze work, and ornamentation; many facades adhere to bilateral symmetry.
		Symmetry is a characteristic of geometrical shapes, equations and other objects; we say that such an object is symmetric with respect to a given operation if this operation, when applied to the object, does not appear to change it.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/symmetry

	ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Biology/Evolution/Molecular
		How molecular biology opens up a 21st Century view of evolution - Transcript of chat with biochemist James Shapiro of the University of Chicago on his concept of "natural genetic engineering" at the cellular level.
		Symmetry-breaking and Molecular Evolution - Explores the structural relationship between cosmological symmetry-breaking and the form of molecular evolution leading to biological systems on Earth.
		Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - Journal is dedicated to bringing Darwin's dream-to "have fairly true genealogical trees of each great kingdom of Nature"-within grasp.
	www.sciencedaily.com /directory/Science/Biology/Evolution/Molecular

	AllRefer.com - symmetry (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		In biology, symmetry is studied in the correspondences between different parts of a given organism, as between the left and right halves of the human body or between the various segments of a starfish (see symmetry, biological).
		The symmetry groups of three-dimensional figures are of special interest because of their application in fields such as crystallography (see crystal).
		For example, the symmetry of space and time with respect to translation and rotation means that a given experiment should yield the same results regardless of where it is performed, what direction the equipment is pointing in, or when it is performed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/symmetry.html (428 words)

	Looking Good: The Psychology and Biology of Beauty
		The rationale behind symmetry preference in both humans and animals is that symmetric individuals have a higher mate-value; scientists believe that this symmetry is equated with a strong immune system.
		Aside from symmetry, males in Western cultures generally prefer females with a small jaw, a small nose, large eyes, and defined cheekbones - features often described as "baby faced", that resemble an infant's.
		Scientists say that the preference for symmetry is a highly evolved trait seen in many different animals.
	www.jyi.org /volumes/volume6/issue6/features/feng.html (1525 words)

	Symmetry
		Radial symmetry In biology, radial symmetry is a characteristic that is used to help classify multicellular organisms.
		Symmetry Symmetry is a characteristic of geometrical shapes, equations and other objects; we say that such an object is...
		Plane of symmetry In 3-dimensional geometry, a plane of symmetry is a 2-dimensional flat dividing surface placed such th...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/symmetry.html (1525 words)

	AllRefer.com - symmetry (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		In biology, symmetry is studied in the correspondences between different parts of a given organism, as between the left and right halves of the human body or between the various segments of a starfish (see symmetry, biological).
		The symmetry groups of three-dimensional figures are of special interest because of their application in fields such as crystallography (see crystal).
		symmetry, generally speaking, a balance or correspondence between various parts of an object; the term symmetry is used both in the arts and in the sciences.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/symmetry.html (1525 words)

	Learn more about Symmetry in the online encyclopedia.
		Symmetry occurs in geometry, mathematics, physics, biology, art, literature (palindromes), etc.
		Symmetry is also an important consideration in the formation of scales and chords, traditional or tonal music being made up of non-symmetrical groups of pitches, such as the diatonic scale or the major chord.
		Symmetry is used in the design of the overall floor plan of buildings as well as the design of individual building elements such as doors, windows, floors, frieze work, and ornamentation; many facades adhere to bilateral symmetry.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/sy/symmetry.html (1201 words)

	Encyclopedia: Orchidaceae
		In biology, bilateral symmetry is a characteristic of multicellular organisms, particularly animals.
		In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which returns blood from the microvasculature to the heart.
		Terrestrial literally means of the earth and is used in a variety of contexts: In biology and in the general sense, terrestrial means indicates ground-dwelling (compare aquatic).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Orchidaceae (8948 words)

	Bilateral symmetry -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		In (The science that studies living organisms) biology, bilateral symmetry is a characteristic of multicellular organisms, particularly (A living organism characterized by voluntary movement) animals.
		See also: (The property of symmetry about an axis) radial symmetry
		A bilaterally symmetric organism is one that is (Click link for more info and facts about symmetric) symmetric about a plane running from its frontal end to its caudal end (head to tail), and has nearly identical right and left halves.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/bilateral_symmetry.htm (85 words)

	Symmetry: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic
		In biology, bilateral symmetry is a characteristic of multicellular organisms, particularly animals....
		Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not...
		The leaning tower of pisa (italian: torre di pisa) is the campanile, or bell tower, of the italian city of pisas cathedral....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sy/symmetry.htm (5050 words)

	Zoantharia
		As a result, septa of different ages are adjacent to one another, and the symmetry of the scleractinian skeleton is radial or biradial.
		Septa are secreted by the mesenteries and are therefore added in the same order as the mesenteries.
		Mesenteries of rugosan corals were inserted serially, with four new septa presumably arising simultaneously, one in each the four quadrants of the polyp defined by the primary septa.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Zoantharia&contgroup=Anthozoa (5050 words)

	Biology Laboratory Manual Segmentation
		Echinoderms, such as starfish, are also segmented, but their segmentation is not along a longitudinal axis because of their radial symmetry.
		As the lab manual explains, segmentation is the characteristic that the body is divided into repetitive segments arranged on a longitudinal axis.
		Annelids are among the earliest organisms to appear with a segmented body plan.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0073031216/student_view0/exercise37/segmentation.html (164 words)

	AP~Invertebrates
		Phylum Cnidaria: cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes
		Phylum Rotifera: rotifers have jaws and a crown of cilia
		Phylum Mollusca: mollusks have a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle
	www.jdenuno.com /APBiology/AP~Invert.htm (164 words)

	BioG 105/106 Autotutorial Introductory Biology
		Cnidarians are diploblastic eumetazoans (multi-cellular animals with two true tissue layers, they lack mesoderm, instead having a gel-like acellular mesoglea) and are distinct from the other groups studied in lab in displaying radial symmetry, placing them on an evolutionary lineage (the Radiata) separate from the other groups we will focus on (Bilateria).
		Note that medusae and polyps are essentially the same body plan, simply inverted in orientation.
		Cnidarians are often colonial (the corals are the best examples here) and many species have a dimorphic life cycle with one stage a sessile polyp form and the other a motile medusa form.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /Courses/biog105/labs/inverts/cnidaria.html (444 words)

	Symmetry around a Point in the Plane
		In biology it is often called bilateral symmetry.
		Symmetry is the set of mathematical rules that describe the shape of an object.
		For example, we say people have bilateral symmetry even though they may have a mole on one side of their face but not the other.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/SYMMETRY/2DPTGRP.HTM (1498 words)

	Biology 166
		Displacement symmetry is especially important: this refers to the situation in which displacing something a certain distance in a certain direction leaves it appearing "the same" because each of its components now occupies the location previously occupied by one of its neighboring components.
		In bird eggs, the plane of bilateral symmetry becomes fixed such that the head end develops along whichever side of the embryonic disc was lowest at some crucial time of determination.
		As with the algae mentioned previously, these cases of symmetry breaking can be influnced by external cues, in particular the direction of gravity and the ocation where the sperm enters the egg.
	www.bio.unc.edu /faculty/harris/Courses/biol166/symmetry.html (1731 words)

	SimpleAnimals.htm
		Campbell, Biology 6th Ed - Chapters 32 and 33, pgs 633-655, 661-662
		Bilateria refers to a monophyletic group of eumetazoan animals which first evolved bilateral symmetry.
		Diagram of polyp and medusa forms of cnidarians.
	biology.unm.edu /ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/SimpleAnimals.htm (1058 words)

	Looking Good: The Psychology and Biology of Beauty
		The rationale behind symmetry preference in both humans and animals is that symmetric individuals have a higher mate-value; scientists believe that this symmetry is equated with a strong immune system.
		Aside from symmetry, males in Western cultures generally prefer females with a small jaw, a small nose, large eyes, and defined cheekbones - features often described as "baby faced", that resemble an infant's.
		Scientists say that the preference for symmetry is a highly evolved trait seen in many different animals.
	www.jyi.org /volumes/volume6/issue6/features/feng.html (1525 words)

	James F
		The control of symmetry for these plants must lie in other regulatory genes and investigations at the mRNA level are beginning.
		Phylogenetics of tribe Episcieae (Gesneriaceae): I have initiated investigations into the generic level relationships within tribe Episcieae of Gesneriaceae using several different genes from both the chloroplast and nuclear genomes.
		A phylogenetic analysis of tribes Beslerieae and Napeantheae (Gesneriaceae): parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses of ndhF sequences.
	www.boisestate.edu /biology/Smith.htm (914 words)

	Uppsala Software Factory - XPAND Manual
		Biology, BMC, Uppsala (S) User I/O - routines courtesy of Rolf Boelens, Univ. of Utrecht (NL) Others - T.A. Jones, G. Bricogne, Rams, W.A. Hendrickson Others - W. Kabsch, CCP4, PROTEIN, etc. etc.
		NOTE: if multiple copies of a residue exist within this symmetry object you can NOT use the second (or later) instances for centering or getting distances; however, you WILL be able to identify them (and that's what's usually the most important).
		Supply all NCS operators, the SGS operators, the cell constants and a cut-off distance for the contacts (e.g., 2.4 A for too close contacts, 3.6 A for salt links and potential hydrogen bonds, or ~4.5-5 A to include hydrophobic interactions).
	wehih.wehi.edu.au /usf/xpand_man.html (914 words)

	Sites to use to practice skills needed on the Biology Gateway exam
		Molecular Biology - from the Lab Bench at Prentice Hall - several chapters, each with excellent animations, plus a quiz.
		Cell Division: The Role Of Mitosis And Meiosis - An AP biology worksheet with a good description of differences between mitosis and meiosis
		Determine the number of chromosomes following mitosis or meiosis, given the number of chromosomes in the original cell
	www.internet4classrooms.com /gateway_biology.htm (3296 words)

	P
		Note that the grammatical usage of this term is differnet than the way it is used in genetics and molecular biology - in gramme r it is used to describe a word string that reads the same if read from right to left as if read from left to right.
		Often described as inverted repeats or sequences with dyad symmetry.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /~smaloy/Glossary/P.html (3296 words)

	symmetry. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In biology, symmetry is studied in the correspondences between different parts of a given organism, as between the left and right halves of the human body or between the various segments of a starfish (see symmetry, biological).
		In general, a symmetry operation on a figure is defined with respect to a given point (center of symmetry), line (axis of symmetry), or plane (plane of symmetry).
		The symmetry groups of three-dimensional figures are of special interest because of their application in fields such as crystallography (see crystal).
	www.bartleby.com /65/sy/symmetry.html (3296 words)

	Uppsala Software Factory - CELLO Manual
		A trivial little program to play with your unit cell, create certain data-blocks for use with "O", read/write O and XPLOR files with non-crystallographic symmetry operators, etc.
		Author : Gerard J. Kleywegt, Dept. of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, University of Uppsala, Box 590, S-751 24 Uppsala, SWEDEN
		NCS operator : ( 3) -0.6239080 0.1083360 0.7739520 107.1462 0.0411870 -0.9844100 0.1709970 35.2870 0.7804120 0.1385630 0.6097190 -3.3917 Operator name ?
	dart.if.sc.usp.br /O/manuals/cello_man.html (3296 words)

	The Development of Animal Form - Cambridge University Press
		This book will be of particular interest to graduate students and researchers in evolutionary and developmental biology, as well as to those in related areas of cell biology, genetics and zoology.
		Contemporary research in the field of evolutionary developmental biology, or ‘evo-devo’, has to date been predominantly devoted to interpreting basic features of animal architecture in molecular genetics terms.
		Rarer still is the researcher who is familiar with the antecedents of a field as broad as evolutionary-developmental (evo-devo) biology.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0511057628 (706 words)

	Comparative analysis of DNA vectors at mediating RNAi in Anopheles mosquito cells and larvae -- Brown et al. 206 (11): 1817 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		dyad symmetry represents an important tool to study the function
		transgenes exhibiting dyad symmetry has recently been achieved,
		Heritable RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by transgenes exhibiting
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/11/1817 (706 words)

	Biology 104 Spring 2004 Mechanical forces, geometrical shapes, and asymmetry
		The problem is how to break symmetry (become less symmetrical than either the object or the combination of forces acting) but only break it a little bit, so that you consistently end up with the same shapes each time.
		Reflection is a symmetry operation; rotation is another symmetry operation; magnification (=dilation) can be a symmetry operation; displacement by a certain amount in a certain direction is the operation in terms of which displacement symmetry is defined
		Symmetry concepts: There are many different kinds of symmetry
	www.bio.unc.edu /courses/2003spring/biol104/lecture22.html (2365 words)

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Topic: Symmetry (biology)

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In the News (Thu 10 Dec 09)