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	Synaesthesia, Metaphor and Right-Brain Functioning
		Synaesthesia might be described, metaphorically, as a confluence of two or more sensations derived from a single perceived datum.
		Synaesthesia has only received acknowledgement as a legitimate field of study in the last seventeen years and its corollary in some branches of cognitive sciences has been to modify extant models of cerebral activity.
		The correlation between synaesthesia and written language (in that their development seems synchronous) might be said to have a manifestation within his writing.
	barneygrant.tripod.com /synaes.htm (2709 words)

	Theremin Vox - A Brief History of Synaesthesia and Music
		Synaesthesia is the general name for a related set of various cognitive states having in common that stimuli to one sense, such as smell, are involuntarily simultaneously perceived as if by one or more other senses, such as sight or / and hearing (see Cytowic 1989; Baron-Cohen & Harrison 1993).
		Synaesthesia is additive; that is, it adds to the initial (primary) sensory perception, rather than replacing one perceptual mode for another.
		Synaesthesia is generally "one-way"; that is, for example, for a given synaesthete, tastes may produce synaesthetic sounds, but sounds will not produce synaesthetic.
	www.thereminvox.com /story/28 (773 words)

	Synaesthesia and the Brain
		Synaesthesia is a complex experience and, being rare, it is difficult to study.
		Cases of synaesthesia may be idiopathic (developmental), with the person having experienced synaesthesia as long as they can remember, or non-idiopathic, resulting from a known etiology or mechanism which is acquired and produced synaesthesia.
		This type of synaesthesia is experienced during electrical discharge (seizure) in the limbic region of the brain and is found in less than 7 percent of all temporal lobe - limbic seizures.
	www.macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/UBNRP/synesthesia/SYNBRA~1.HTM (1309 words)

	Questions and Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Synaesthesia has no known effects on IQ and synaesthetes do not stand out from other members of society in any way - it is quite possible that you have acquaintances who are synaesthetic without even realising it.
		Synaesthesia could also potentially be lost or diminished by chemical or organic changes in the brain.
		Synaesthesia is such a personal, subjective experience that we can only really know of it's existence in other humans because we are able to communicate our experiences to one another.
	www.psychol.ucl.ac.uk /jamie.ward/qanda.htm (2724 words)

	Synaesthesia - Crystalinks
		Synaesthesia from the Greek (syn-) 'union', and (aesthesis) 'sensation,' has been used to describe various phenomena.
		Normally the term synaesthesia is used to indicate a condition in which the stimulation of one sensory modality gives rise to an experience in another modality.
		Synaesthesia can even occur when one of the senses no longer functions properly, e.g., a person who can see colors when words are spoken can still see the colors if he becomes blind in later life.
	www.crystalinks.com /synaesthesia.html (995 words)

	Different Types of Synaesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The most common form of synaesthesia (69%) in a study of 621 cases was found to be colour perception elicited by the reading of graphemes (letters of the alphabet or numbers).
		Synaesthesia is idiosyncratic, that is two synasthetes with the same type of synaesthesia will not necessarily share the same synaesthetic experiences, for example a given letter or word may elicit different colours for each synaesthete.
		Developmental synaesthesia appears to have a childhood onset and there is strong evidence for a genetic basis i.e.
	www.tcd.ie /Psychology/synres/types.html (296 words)

	Is There a Normal Phase of Synaesthesia in Development?
		Adult synaesthesia, as we suggested earlier (Baron-Cohen et al, 1993) might therefore represent a breakdown in the process of modularization, such that during infancy the modularization process was not completed.
		If synaesthesia is genetic, and if normal modularization of the senses is under similar genetic control, then we have to approach this question by thinking about natural selection and adaptation.
		Some forms of synaesthesia (but not all) are clearly maladaptive, and this is in line with the evolutionary arguments outlined earlier, in which natural selection favoured individuals whose senses were modular.
	psyche.cs.monash.edu.au /v2/psyche-2-27-baron_cohen.html (2024 words)

	Synaesthesia
		Sometimes people mistakenly think they are have synaesthesia because, eg, they see spheres when eating an orange, red when thinking of anger, smoothness with cream, or blue with a song about the sea.
		I guess synaesthesia is just such a part of daily life that I'm not always consciously aware of it.
		What little there is known suggests that synaesthesia may hold the key to major questions regarding human consciousness as well as numerous questions in regards to psycholinguistics.
	synaesthesia.fws1.com /main.html (2226 words)

	Theremin Vox - Synaesthesia
		Synaesthesia is the neurological mixing of the senses.
		Synaesthesia is a legitimate rhetorical device in poetry.
		Synaesthesia has influenced many artists in various fields, including poets Charles-Pierre Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud, and an ersatz synaesthesia has been overused and cheapened since, as a shortcut to modernity.
	www.thereminvox.com /article/articleview/86/1/16 (560 words)

	synaesthesia (1)
		Synaesthesia challenges the classic view of perception, first formulated by Aristotle, that each of the five senses--sight, sound, hearing, taste, and touch--has a distinct and proper sphere of activity (Gage 348).
		While the system works as synaesthesia on the level of metaphor, it is not necessarily a manifestation of the rare neuropsychological disorder.
		The line between synaesthesia as a physiological phenomenon (first definition) and synaesthesia as metaphor (second definition) is blurry.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mitchell/glossary2004/synaesthesia.htm (1250 words)

	Tele-Synaesthesia: the telematic future of the senses / by Dr. Hugo Heyrman
		Synaesthesia is a sensorial faculty which refers to a blurring of the normal differences and borders between the senses: image and sound intermingle, at times feeling and taste intermix, in short: all sensorial interrelations are possible.
		At present, the concept of synaesthesia is connected with the time-honored notion of the 'Gesamtkunstwerk', the category of the theatrical, the attack on the sensorium commune (the central point of convergence of the nervous system).
		According to him, natural synaesthesia might be some sort of fossil cognitive remnant, a condition in which corrections and rectification's are being hindered and hampered and in which sensation consequently stands closer to what the essence of perception means.
	www.doctorhugo.org /e-tsyn.htm (2487 words)

	Taste the Rainbow: Synaesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		For those experiencing grapheme synaesthesia it could be due to a chemical imbalance between the parts of the fusiform gyrus and the angular gyrus promoting excess communication between the regions of the brain.
		Synaesthesia proves that the brain is capable of making arbitrary connections between completely unrelated things, like the number 5 and the color red.
		If people experiencing synaesthesia are experiencing an excess of communication between parts of the brain caused by a chemical imbalance, creativity can be explained as excess communication between various parts of the brain leading to the linkage of apparently unrelated things, sounds, colors, textures, leading to the emergence of relationships previously nonexistent.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro06/web1/bsnyder.html (1040 words)

	Health Report - 18/12/00: Synaesthesia
		Synaesthesia is typically experienced life-long, and it’s consistent for the particular person.
		Peter Grossenbacher: Drug-induced synaesthesia, according to a report published in 1955, Simpson and Mackeller, they gave mescaline to four subjects, two synaesthetes and two non-synaesthetes, everybody experienced synaesthesia, but the synaesthetes said that it had a very different quality than the sort of synaesthesia they were used to.
		And indeed, drug-induced synaesthesia may include forms of synaesthesia that are not naturally occurring in developmental synaesthesia.
	abc.net.au /rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s225178.htm (2701 words)

	Synaesthesia group : School of Behavioural Science : MDHS : UM
		Synaesthesia is a phenomenon in which certain objects or categories result in highly unusual additional experiences.
		Synaesthesia is not a disorder, and many people do not realise they are in any way unusual.
		The Melbourne Synaesthesia Research Group (Australia) has been investigating synaesthesia since 1999, with the main focus being on the most common form of synaesthesia, in which letters, words and digits elicit vivid experiences of colour (often called 'grapheme-colour' or 'phoneme-colour' synaesthesia, depending on whether the letters/digits/words elicit colours when they are seen or heard).
	www.psych.unimelb.edu.au /research/labs/synaes.html (562 words)

	Synaesthesia
		Synaesthesia [American: synesthesia] comes from the Greek 'syn' (together) + 'aesthesis' (perception), and denotes the blending of different sensory sensations.
		Synaesthesia is not the same as simple metaphor, which all people do (e.g., saying that anger is red) and is more than simply the artistic sensitivity to colours.
		Synaesthesia is automatic and cannot be controlled at will.
	syn6th.com /english/index.htm (169 words)

	Center for Consciousness Center . Tucson . Arizona
		Narrowly defined, synaesthesia is a condition in which stimulation in one sensory modality leads to additional experiences in a different modality.
		Nevertheless, inducers of synaesthesia may be more abstract or internally generated and the evoked experiences may span a wide range of qualities.
		I will review the basic paradigms used in synaesthesia research and how they were applied in order to demonstrate the perceptual reality of synaesthesia, the role of attention and context, as well as synaesthesia without awareness.
	www.consciousness.arizona.edu /sagivnsyn.htm (619 words)

	Synesthesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Synesthesia (also spelled synæsthesia or synaesthesia, plural synesthesiae) -- from the Greek syn- meaning union and aesthesis meaning sensation -- is a neurological condition in which two or more bodily senses are coupled.
		Synaesthesia and Education: a research project at the University of Cambridge investigating the effects of grapheme-colour synesthesia on numerical processing in children.
		Synaesthesia and Migraine Synesthesia may occur as a visual migraine aura.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synaesthesia (5728 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon
		Synaesthesia is a condition, in which people's senses intermingle.
		The UK Synaesthesia Association liaises with scientists based at UK universities and holds a database of synaesthetes who are willing to volunteer for research.
		There are synaesthesia research groups based at University College London, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge.
	www.bbc.co.uk /sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/derek_qa.shtml (1112 words)

	My favourite aunt is purple
		Supposed psychic powers that enable people to see auras around others may simply be a quirk of the brain, according to a University College London (UCL) study of a rare form of synaesthesia where some people see colourful 'auras' around their loved ones.
		Synaesthesia is a condition found in 1 in 2000 people in which stimulation of one sense produces a response in one or more of the other senses.
		It is thought to originate in the brain and some scientists believe it might be caused by a cross-wiring in the brain, for example between centres involved in emotional processing and smell perception.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/ucl-mfa101804.php (603 words)

	Synaesthesia - SCOPE TV - RTÉ - Science.ie
		Psychologist Dr Kylie J Barnett is a researcher there and she is searching Ireland for people with synaesthesia, so she can unravel some of the mysteries of this unusual condition.
		“Synaesthesia is a mixing of the senses, or more commonly called a union of the senses,” says Kylie.
		Kylie says the most common form of synaesthesia occurs when linguistic stimuli - like letters, numbers and days of the week - are experienced in colour.
	www.rte.ie /tv/scope/SCOPE3_show11_synaesthesia.html (374 words)

	Psyche 8(01): 'Towards a Synergistic Understanding of Synaesthesia' by Daniel Smilek and Mike J. Dixon
		Although experimental investigations of synaesthesia have typically utilized externally presented stimuli, subjective reports of some synaesthetes suggest that their photisms may be elicited even in the absence of an externally presented stimulus.
		Because of the general scepticism caused by such factors, initial experimental investigations of synaesthesia played an important role in confirming that synaesthetes experienced the world in a way that was consistent with their subjective reports.
		Thus, experimental investigations of synaesthesia can be useful for both increasing the precision of the descriptions of cases of synaesthesia, as well as providing objective ways to compare individual synaesthetes.
	psyche.cs.monash.edu.au /v8/psyche-8-01-smilek.html (10295 words)

	Seeing is believing \| Magazine \| The Observer
		Synaesthesia - from the Greek syn for together and aisthesis for perception - is a neurological condition defined as the involuntary physical experience of a cross-modal association.
		One socially useful characteristic of Jane's synaesthesia is that she easily sees the difference between an American accent - orange - and a Canadian accent - yellow.
		The study of synaesthesia is revealing more every year about the development of the brain, the nature of reality and consciousness, the relationship between reason and emotion, and even the origin of language.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /magazine/story/0,11913,772060,00.html (1412 words)

	Synaesthesia
		Synaesthesia is a curious condition where there is a mingling of the senses due to cross-wiring in the brain.
		Recent studies by Simon Baron-Cohen in Cambridge have confirmed synaesthesia is genetic, passed from parent to child.
		Someone with number – colour synaesthesia will immediately see a triangle of 2’s – it would stand out because the 2 and the 5 are seen in two different colours.
	www.youramazingbrain.org /brainchanges/synesthesia.htm (393 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Why some see colours in numbers
		For example, a person with synaesthesia might see red when they look at an ordinary figure '5' drawn in fl ink on a white background because the red colour perception area of their brain is stimulated at the same time as the number recognition area.
		Dr Julia Simner, who has been studying synaesthesia at the University of Edinburgh along with colleagues at University College London, said the findings were supported by similar work looking at people who see colours when they hear sounds.
		She said her research also revealed that people without synaesthesia have significant preferences for the colours of letters.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4375977.stm (569 words)

	Synaesthesia
		The cognitive characteristics of the rare perceptual condition known as synesthesia provides a clinical insight into the relationship between the various human sensory modeliaties and in particular for the relationship between audition and vision.
		The Neonatal Synaesthesia hypothesis builds on the CMT evidence, but suggests that early in infancy, probably up to about 4 months of age, all human babies experience sensory input in an undifferentiated way.
		Adult synaesthesia, has been suggested to be as a result of a breakdown in the process of modularization, such that during infancy the modularization process was not completed.
	www.aber.ac.uk /cla/archive/lyons.html (2447 words)

	Synesthesia - Dr. Hugo Heyrman (((Museums of the Mind)))
		Synaesthesia the site is in both English and Chinese, Julia Simner, University of Edinburgh, UK.
		Synaesthesia Movies exploring the possible relationships between sound and color and sound and form, Gerard Leckey, Concordia University, Montreal.
		Synaesthesia Elizabeth A. Pector, M.D. Letter-Color Synesthesia Cassidy Curtis
	www.doctorhugo.org /synaesthesia/index.htm (1407 words)

	Synaesthesia Research Group
		The Synaesthesia Research Group is based at the University of Waterloo for the purpose of studying all aspects of a condition known as synaesthesia.
		Synaesthesia is a condition in which ordinary stimuli lead to extraordinary experiences.
		For people who experience this type of synaesthesia, seeing, hearing, or even thinking about a letter or digit can elicit a visual experience of a highly specific color.
	www.synaesthesia.uwaterloo.ca (151 words)

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