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Topic: Synapsid

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Anapsid

Dimetrodon

Tetrapoda

Nautiloid

Amniote

Temporal fenestrae

Dinosaur

Permian

Amniota

Anomalocaris

Sauropsid

Brachiopod

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Reptile

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	Synapsid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Synapsids ('fused arch') also known as Theropsids ('beast arch'), traditionally described as 'mammal-like reptiles', are a group of amniotes (the other being the sauropsids) that developed one opening in their skull (temporal fenestra) behind each eye, about 320 million years ago (Mya) during the late Carboniferous Period.
		The Synapsids were originally defined, at the turn of the 20th Century, as one of the five main subclasses of reptiles, on the basis of their distinctive temporal openings.
		Synapsids evolution into mammals is believed to be triggered by moving to a nocturnal (night) niche, one of the few niches that the increasing dinosaurs didn't dominate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synapsid (1036 words)

	Synapsid - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synapsids ("fused arch"), formerly known as "mammal-like reptiles", are a group of amniotes (the other being the sauropsids) that developed one hole in their skull (temporal fenestra) behind each eye, about 320 million years ago (Ma) during the late Carboniferous.
		The 4,500 species of living synapsids, known as mammals, are currently the dominant land animals, and include both aquatic (whales) and avian (bats) species, and the largest animal to ever exist (the blue whale).
		The synapsids known as pelycosaurs and caseasaurs were the first successful group of amniotes, spreading and diversifying until they became the dominant large terrestrial animals in the late Carboniferous.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Synapsid (439 words)

	Synapsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synapsids are the dominant large terrestrial animals worldwide, and they have also invaded the oceans (whales, pinnipeds) and the air (bats).
		All known early synapsids had a lateral temporal fenestra (a hole in the lateral surface of the skull behind the orbit) that is still present in a modified form in mammals.
		The earliest synapsids were probably ectothermic (their body temperature depended on the environment), as shown by the presence of a large "sail" on the back of edaphosaurids and some sphenacodontids.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Synapsida&contgroup=Amniota (1543 words)

	Synapsid - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synapsids ("fused arch"), traditionally known as "mammal-like reptiles", were a class of amniotes (the other being the sauropsids) that developed one hole in their skull (temporal fenestra) behind each eye, about 320 million years ago (Ma) during the late Carboniferous.
		The class Synapsida is intentionally paraphyletic, constituting a grade of animals from the earliest split with sauropsids to the arbitrary division with its daughter class, Mammalia.
		Archaeothyris was the very first known synapsid and it belonged to a group called pelycosaur, it lived in Pennsylvanian time of the Carboniferous period.The synapsids known as pelycosaurs and caseasaurs were the first successful group of amniotes, spreading and diversifying until they became the dominant large terrestrial animals in the late Carboniferous.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Synapsid (440 words)

	Wikipedia: Synapsid
		The synapsids are a group of extinct vertebrate animals.
		The name is derived from the fact, that their skull only has one opening on each side behind the eyes.
		Synapsids seem to have evolved from proto-'reptiles' during the Upper Carboniferous, (about 300 million years ago).
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/sy/synapsid.html (153 words)

	Origin of Dinosaurs and Mammals - Erickson
		Synapsid and diapsid reptiles were only very distantly related, having diverged from the basal reptile stock during the Pennsylvanian period 100 million years before the Triassic.
		Among the earliest synapsids were the pelycosaurs, the so-called 'primitive mammal-like reptiles.' Dominant in the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian, the pelycosaurs were succeeded in the Late Permian by their descendants, the therapsids, which flourished into the Triassic.
		In general, the solid-skulled synapsid reptiles had massive and thick-boned skeletons whereas the skeletons of the open-skulled diapsids, and the dinosaurs in particular, were slender and lightly constructed.
	microlnx.com /dinosaurs/Synapsid_Diapsid.html (2440 words)

	Synapsida:Fossil Groups: SciComms 04-05: Earth Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For the most part the fossil record of the pre-mammalian synapsids is limited to bones, and very little soft tissue evidence.
		The oldest known synapsid is the ophiacodontid Protoclepsydrops from Joggins, Nova Scotia.
		Archaeothyris is the oldest known synapsid from good remains, and comes from slightly younger sediments in the same area of Nova Scotia.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Synapsida/record.html (160 words)

	Synapsid Classification & Apomorphies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Primitively in synapsids, the phalangeal formula was 2-3-4- 5-3 in the hand and 2-3-4-5-4 in the foot.
		In other synapsids, the septomaxilla is restricted to the external naris, except in most therapsids, where it has a large facial exposure.
		In other synapsids, the posterior end of the dentary is near the dorsal edge of the jaw.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Synapsid_Classification_&_Apomorphies?acc_id=466 (1505 words)

	Systematics of the Synapsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synapsid classification has undergone tremendous change in recent years; most of the traditional groupings have been discovered to be paraphyletic.
		Current hypotheses about early synapsid diversification suggest that "pelycosaurs" are the basal-most synapsids, and are certainly paraphyletic.
		Synapsid evolution and the radiation of non-eutherian mammals.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /synapsids/synapsidasy.html (197 words)

	Synapsids
		Synapsids split off early among the Amniotes and are represented today by the mammals.
		Synapsid page in the Tree of Life page at U. Arizona with linked page showing skulls and giving a cladistic description of the groups.
		Useful description of the Synapsids of the late Carboniferous and Permian and a separate page with links to descriptions and pictures of the main families of Synapsids.
	www.geo.brown.edu /geocourses/QE/fr/classtopics/Evolutio/Synapsid.htm (640 words)

	[No title]
		Synapsids are the dominant large terrestrial animals worldwide, and they have also invaded the oceans (whales, pinnieds) and the air (bats).
		See the page on Evolution of early synapsids for synapomorphies justifying the latest phylogenies and for anatomical drawings.
		Discover, 1991, 56-57.'; TEXTNOTE BULLET ID=1002 TITLE=Sources_of_Information_on_the_Internet TEXT=''; TEXTNOTE ID=1 TITLE=Characteristics TEXT='All known early synapsids had a lateral temporal fenestra (a hole in the lateral surface of the skull behind the orbit) that is still present in a modified form in mammals.
	ag.arizona.edu /ENTO/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/!Synapsida.nex (1440 words)

	Introduction to the Synapsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The mammals of today are but one branch of the Synapsida, a great vertebrate group with a 300 million year history.
		Pre-mammalian synapsids -- including the famous "finback" Dimetrodon, shown at the top left -- dominated the land vertebrate fauna of the Permian and early Triassic before losing ground to the diversifying dinosaurs and other archosaurs.
		These pre-mammalian groups of synapsids have at times been called "mammal-like reptiles".
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /synapsids/synapsida.html (109 words)

	Geologic time scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Landmasses unite into supercontinent Pangea, creating the Appalachians.
		Synapsid reptiles (pelycosaurs and therapsids) become plentiful, while parareptiles and temnospondyl amphibians remain common.
		In the mid-Permian, coal-age flora are replaced by cone-bearing gymnosperms (the first true seed plants) and by the first true mosses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geologic_timescale (1908 words)

	Dimetrodon
		One of the skull types that I wrote was the synapsid skull, which has one fenestra (opening in the skull).
		The most famous synapsid animal is probably Dimetrodon, which I have mentioned in past articles.
		Dimetrodon was one of the mammal-like reptiles, and belonged to the group of reptiles we call the Pelycosaurs.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/paleontology/29045 (495 words)

	Timeline of evolution - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The dragonfly Meganeura monyi is the biggest insect that ever lived, with a wingspan of about 2 feet.
		Diictodon, Cistecephalus, Dicynodon, Lycaenops, Dinogorgon and Procynosuchus, are a few of the many mammal-like reptiles known from South Africa and Russia.
		From synapsids came the first mammal precursors, therapsids, and more specifically the eucynodonts.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/t/i/m/Timeline_of_evolution.html (3769 words)

	Synapsid Classification & Apomorphies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Maxillary supracanine buttress present (this structure is a thickening of the maxilla visible on its internal surface, dorsal to the caniniform teeth).
		In therapsids, the braincase remains firmly sutured to the dermal skull elements.
		Other synapsids have at least thirteen postcaniniform teeth (Fig.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Synapsid_Classification_&_Apomorphies?acc_id=466 (1505 words)

	Search Tuna Report for synapsids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pelycosaurs are the earliest, most primitive synapsids, a group characterized by a single dermal opening in the skull permitting muscle attachment to the jaw.
		The synapsids Known As And Were The First Successful Group Of Amniotes, Spreading And Diversifying Until They Became The Dominant Large Terrestrial Animals In The Late Carboniferous....
		The synapsids Known As And Caseasaur Were The First Successful Group Of Amniotes, Spreading And Diversifying Until They Became The Dominant Large Terrestrial Animals In The Late Carboniferous....
	www.searchtoona.net /ftlive2/1380.html (2726 words)

	Learn more about Synapsid in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Learn more about Synapsid in the online encyclopedia.
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	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/sy/synapsid.html (222 words)

	Permian Period--The rise of mammal-like reptiles , Educational Resources for K-16
		Edaphosaurus was a plant-eating sail-backed synapsid, while Dimetrodon was a meat-eating sail-backed synapsid.
		Short description of the pelycosaurs, a group of animals including the famous sail-backed synapsids (mammal-like reptiles) Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus.
		Short description, cladogram, and pictures of this important family of Permian synapsids, which includes the sail-backed pelycosaurs.
	www.uky.edu /KGS/education/Permian.htm (373 words)

	synapsid - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 7 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word synapsid:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "synapsid" is defined.
		synapsid : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=synapsid&ls=a (99 words)

	Dinosaur News: Gorgonopsid-ZoomDinosaurs.com
		Despite a slightly mammalian appearance, their eyes were set at the sides of the head like those of lizards.
		Gorgonopsid means "Gorgon arch." Gorgon was a beast in Greek mythology whose gaze could turn you to stone, and arch refers to synapsid skull holes.
		The gorgons lived during the late Palaeozoic Era, roughly 250 million years ago, and were probably the dominant predator.
	www.zoomschool.com /subjects/dinosaurs/news/Gorgon.shtml (331 words)

	SuicideGirls > Members > synapsid
		And from thence we know not how they fared.
		Would you like to ressurect synapsid's former SG glory?
		Nothing says "I miss you" like recharging the account of a wayward SG member.
	suicidegirls.com /members/synapsid/friends (56 words)

	Synapsid Classification and Autapomorphies - Details for: Earth Sciences: Paleontology: By Geological Interval: ...
		Synapsid Classification and Autapomorphies - Details for: Earth Sciences: Paleontology: By Geological Interval: Paleozoic: Permian: Synapsid Classification and Autapomorphies
		Earth Sciences: Paleontology: By Geological Interval: Paleozoic: Permian: Synapsid Classification and Autapomorphies
		Title: Earth Sciences: Paleontology: By Geological Interval: Paleozoic: Permian: Synapsid Classification and Autapomorphies
	ufoseek.com /.../Synapsid_Classification_and_Autapomorphies_L131340 (74 words)

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