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Topic: Synaptic vesicle

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	Evidence for a Primary Endocytic Vesicle Involved in Synaptic Vesicle Biogenesis -- Provoda et al. 275 (10): 7004 -- ...
		secretory vesicle analogous to synaptic vesicles or insulin-responsive
		The TfR colocalizes with the GLUT1-containing vesicle in glycerol velocity gradients.
		The GLUT1-containing vesicles in the glycerol gradient are not fragments of the plasma membrane.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/10/7004 (7337 words)

	davis lab > projects > vesicle recycling
		In the acidic lumen of a synaptic vesicle, the GFP is quenched.
		Upon fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane (exocytosis) the GFP is exposed to the higher pH of the synaptic cleft and fluorescence increases.
		Upon vesicle reformation, the GFP remains fluorescent and is subsequently quenched during the reacidification associated with the loading of neurotransmitter into the synaptic vesicle.
	www.ucsf.edu /davislab/projects/endocytosis.htm (760 words)

	Synaptic Vesicle
		This clip was taken from an animation which displays the role of acetyl choline in synaptic transmission.
		Here, the synaptic vesicle reaches the axon terminal and dissolves into the cell wall.
		The dissolved vesicle particles pinch off from the cell wall to regenerate.
	www.peterjurek.com /rbv_site/web_pages/axterm.html (43 words)

	Thomas C. Südhof
		During synaptic transmission, a presynaptic neuron releases a chemical neurotransmitter that is then recognized by the postsynaptic neuron.
		triggers neurotransmitter release by stimulating the fusion of synaptic vesicles (abundant secretory vesicles that are filled with neurotransmitters) with the presynaptic plasma membrane at the active zone (a specialized plasma membrane section that marks the synapse).
		Synaptic vesicle fusion is at least in part mediated by the assembly of three synaptic SNARE proteins—the vesicle protein synaptobrevin/VAMP and the plasma membrane proteins SNAP-25 and syntaxin/HPC-1—into a tight complex.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/sudhof.html (1338 words)

	Heuserlab: History
		Synaptic vesicles discharge their content of transmitter as they coalesce with the plasma membrane at specific regions adjacent to the muscle.
		Finally, the coated vesicles lose their coats and coalesce to form cisternae which accumulate in regions of vesicle depletion and slowly divide to form new synaptic vesicles.
		From: Heuser, J.E. "Morphology of synaptic vesicle discharge and reformation at the frog neuromuscular junction".
	www.heuserlab.wustl.edu /history.shtml (961 words)

	Synaptic vesicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a neuron, synaptic vesicles, also called neurotransmitter vesicles, store the various neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis at the presynaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft of a synapse.
		The vesicles are essential for the propagation of nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell.
		Synaptic vesicles are made of a lipid bilayer in which transport proteins specific to each type of neurotransmitter are inserted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synaptic_vesicle (746 words)

	NIDA Neuroscience Satellite Meeting - Abstracts
		After exocytosis synaptic vesicle membranes are internalized directly from the plasma membrane by a mechanism that utilizes AP2 and clathrin, but does not overlap with that for transferrin receptor internalization.
		The synaptic vesicle protein SV2 is required for normal neurotransmission but not for vesicle fusion suggesting that it plays a role in the regulation of exocytosis.
		To test this hypothesis we are assessing the effects of SV2 peptides on the binding of synaptic proteins to recombinant C2B fusion peptides and have examined whether manipulation of this interaction affects the regulation of exocytosis in situ.
	www.drugabuse.gov /MeetSum/NS2000/vesicleabs.html (1325 words)

	The Synaptic Vesicle Cycle
		This synaptic vesicle is highly regulated and a molecular understanding of many of the steps in the cycle is emerging from the combined efforts many years of molecular, cellular, genetic and biochemical studies.
		Synaptic vesicle components are initially trafficked to the synapse using members of the kinesin motor family.
		Synaptic vesicle proteins that have been incorporated into the plasma membrane after fusion are retrieved by endocytosis.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /nonetlab/ResearchF/svcycle.html (1080 words)

	Conner Lab: Synaptic Vesicle Recycling
		Neuronal transmission is dependent on the robust fusion of synaptic vesicles and secretion of their contents into the synaptic cleft.
		To maintain effecient neuronal activity, the protein machinery involved in the targeting and fusion of synaptic vesicles must be recycled.
		Synaptic vesicle fusion occurs at specific sites in the presynapse called the 'active zone.' Following fusion, synaptic vesicle integral membrane proteins laterally diffuse and are internalized in clathrin-coated vesicles.
	www.gcd.med.umn.edu /connerlab/recycling.php (107 words)

	Axel T. Brunger
		We are studying the molecular machinery that fuses synaptic vesicles to the active zone in the presynaptic terminal.
		The synaptic SNARE proteins are also the exclusive targets of the protease domains of the botulinum and tetanus clostridial neurotoxins.
		When fluorescent dyes are placed either on the lipids in the vesicle bilayer or alternatively in the aqueous contents of the vesicles, the spatial distribution of the fluorescent signal indicates the state of mixing of the two membranes and the degree of containment of the vesicle contents.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/brunger.html (1656 words)

	Colocalization of synapsin and actin during synaptic vesicle recycling -- Bloom et al. 161 (4): 737 -- The Journal of ...
		of synapsin from vesicles, its migration is delimited by the
		Impairment of synaptic vesicle clustering and of synaptic transmission, and increased seizure propensity, in synapsin I-deficient mice.
		Synaptic vesicle recycling in synapsin I knock-out mice.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/161/4/737 (5749 words)

	Botulinum Neurotoxin A Blocks Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis but Not Endocytosis at the Nerve Terminal -- Neale et al. 147 ...
		and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane
		The labeled structures are individual active synaptic terminals containing a number of synaptic vesicles whose membranes are labeled with the fluorescent dye as a result of vesicle membrane recycling during the stimulation interval.
		synaptic vesicles apposed to the presynaptic membrane of the
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/147/6/1249 (7314 words)

	Chemical synapse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vesicle fusion is driven by the action of a set of proteins in the presynaptic terminal known as SNAREs.
		Receptors on the opposite side of the synaptic gap bind neurotransmitter molecules and respond by opening nearby ion channels in the post-synaptic cell membrane, causing ions to rush in or out and changing the local transmembrane potential of the cell.
		Following fusion of the synaptic vesicles and release of transmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter is rapidly cleared from the space for recycling by specialized membrane proteins in the pre-synaptic or post-synaptic membrane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synaptic_cleft (1523 words)

	Delayed reentry of recycling vesicles into the fusion-competent synaptic vesicle pool in synaptojanin 1 knockout mice ...
		vesicles is altered in synaptojanin 1-deficient neurons, the
		A Stimulus-Dependent Increase in Clathrin-Coated Vesicles Is Persistent in Synaptojanin 1-Deficient Neurons.
		In knockout nerve terminals, there is an accumulation of labeled and unlabeled clathrin-coated vesicles (circles in b) that are often segregated at the periphery of the synaptic vesicle cluster.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/26/17143 (4288 words)

	STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis : Nature
		Synaptic transmission is mediated by neurotransmitters that are stored in synaptic vesicles and released by exocytosis upon activation.
		Although many aspects of vesicle recycling are understood, the fate of the vesicles after fusion is still unclear.
		We show that synaptotagmin I, a protein resident in the vesicle membrane, remains clustered in isolated patches on the presynaptic membrane regardless of whether the nerve terminals are mildly active or intensely stimulated.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/nature04592 (287 words)

	SNARE
		Docking: Vesicles move toward and interact with membrane of presynaptic terminal
		Rab3 undergoes cycle of synaptic vesicle association and dissociation
		Occurs in parallel with synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/pathol/snare.htm (959 words)

	Retrograde regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling - Nature Neuroscience
		The rate of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (measured as the rate of unloading of the releasable dye) was also essentially the same (Fig.
		Although synaptic vesicle exocytosis was apparently unaffected by moderate levels of PH−GFP expression, transfected synapses retained a significantly higher fraction of residual FM 4-64.
		Indeed, when nontransfected synaptic boutons were tested twice serially with the same FM 4-64 protocol (30 s at 10 Hz load; 2 min at 10 Hz unload), they took up equal amounts of the dye, even when the second loading session closely followed the first (90 s).
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nn1114 (5927 words)

	Impairment of Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis and Recycling During Neuromuscular Weakness Produced in Mice by ...
		A: HRP is found in synaptic vesicles, coated vesicles (not readily distinguishable from uncoated vesicles at this magnification), endosomes, cisternae (short arrows), and multivesicular bodies (long arrow).
		The number of normal synaptic vesicles close to release sites is reduced in DTB-treated terminals as is the average overall population of vesicles.
		Synaptic vesicle recycling in cultured cerebellar granule cells: role of vesicular acidification and refilling.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/3243 (8985 words)

	Controversies in synaptic vesicle exocytosis -- Weimer and Jorgensen 116 (18): 3661 -- Journal of Cell Science
		vesicles mediate the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic
		fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane.
		In the absence of Munc18-1, dense-core vesicles in chromaffin
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/18/3661 (4175 words)

	SNARE-complex disassembly by NSF follows synaptic-vesicle fusion -- Littleton et al. 98 (21): 12233 -- Proceedings of ...
		vesicle docking and priming, for fusion, or for vesicle endocytosis.
		mutants, synaptic-vesicle proteins accumulate in the plasma-membrane fractions, indicating that vesicles are capable of fusing with the redistribution of vesicle antigens to the plasma membrane.
		In comt mutants, the terminals are filled with synaptic vesicles that have not fused with the membrane.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/21/12233 (4631 words)

	MCDB 3280 - Class Presentation Links
		Synaptic vesicle release is a particular case of the more general process of vesicular budding from cellular organelles and of exocytosis.
		This movie illustrates that the current from the action potential in the axon invades a synaptic bouton and causes one or more synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release transmitter into the synaptic cleft.
		It is suggested that addition of the complexin is needed to abut the vesicle to the membrane.
	mcdb.colorado.edu /courses/3280/lectures/class10.html (1243 words)

	Single Synaptic Vesicle Tracking in Individual Hippocampal Boutons at Rest and during Synaptic Activity -- Lemke and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Single Synaptic Vesicle Tracking in Individual Hippocampal Boutons at Rest and during Synaptic Activity -- Lemke and Klingauf 25 (47): 11034 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		Myosin Light Chain Kinase Is Not a Regulator of Synaptic Vesicle Trafficking during Repetitive Exocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons.
		Synaptic vesicles in rat hippocampal boutons recycle to different pools in a use-dependent fashion
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/25/47/11034 (262 words)

	Synaptic Vesicle Preservation IEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		We are having a problem retaining synaptic vesicles in tissue fixed with
		Are you sure your problem is with retaining the synaptic vesicles?
		As I know it is possible to visualize synaptic vesicles in brain fixed with 4% formaldehyde alone, I will assume your problem is contrast.
	www.biotech.ufl.edu /EM/data/synaptic.html (780 words)

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