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Topic: Synchronous orbit

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Tidal force

Aurora Borealis

	Terms and Definitions (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The inclination of a planet's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the ecliptic.
		The inclination of a moon's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the plane of its primary's equator.
		A synchronous satellite with an orbital inclination of zero (same plane as the planet's equator) stays fixed in the sky from the perspective of an observer on the planet's surface.
	www.solarviews.com.cob-web.org:8888 /eng/terms.htm (4652 words)

	5.6 Orbit of Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The orbit of a satellite is referred to by several names with respect to orbit figure, inclination, period and recurrence as shown in Figure 5.6.1.
		The sun synchronous orbit can be defined as the orbit in which the orbital plane rotates in a year in unison with the one revolution / year apparent motion of the sun.
		While the recurrent orbit can be defined as the orbit which returns to the same nadir point in a day, the semi-recurrent orbit returns to the same nadir point in N days repetition (N>1), which is much better for covering all of the earth than the recurrent orbit.
	www.profc.udec.cl /~gabriel/tutoriales/rsnote/cp5/cp5-6.htm (328 words)

	Satellite Orbits
		The satellite orbits at an elevation of approximately 35,790 km because that produces an orbital period (time for one orbit) equal to the period of rotation of the Earth (23 hrs, 56 mins, 4.09 secs).
		Because a geostationary orbit must be in the same plane as the Earth's rotation, that is the equatorial plane, it provides distorted images of the polar regions with poor spatial resolution.
		These orbits may be determined by the region on Earth that is of most interest (i.e., an instrument to study the tropics may be best put on a low inclination satellite), or by the latitude of the launch site.
	asd-www.larc.nasa.gov /SCOOL/orbits.html (496 words)

	Orbit - Memory Alpha - A Wikia wiki
		Orbit is a term used to describe the flightpath of an object in space which has a repetitive motion and has a distinct center with respect to its flightpath.
		Synchronous orbit: This form is used by a starship to maintain position towards a specific point on a planets surface.
		High orbit: A form of orbit in which the starship maintains a large distance from the planet's surface for safety reasons but is still close enough to use the transporter.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Orbit (375 words)

	- Cosmonautics on edge of Centuries
		The direction a body travels in orbit can be direct, or prograde, in which the spacecraft moves in the same direction as the planet rotates, or retrograde, going in a direction opposite the planet's rotation.
		The orbit's inclination (3) is the angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of the planet's equator (or from the ecliptic plane, if you're talking about heliocentric orbits), stated in degrees: an inclination of 0 degree.
		A walking orbit whose parameters are chosen such that the orbital plane precesses with nearly the same period as the planet's solar orbit period is called a sun synchronous orbit.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006381/PO.shtml (900 words)

	sun-synchronous orbit
		A special case of a near-polar orbit in which a satellite, in going around the Earth, passes over the same points on the Earth's surface at the same local times each day and a different swathe of territory on each orbit.
		This kind of orbit involves passing close to both poles and crossing the meridians at a carefully-chosen angle.
		A dawn-dusk orbit is a special case of a sun-synchronous orbit in which a satellite perpetually trails the shadow of the Earth cast by the Sun.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/sun-synchronous_orbit.html (247 words)

	Synchronous orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which an orbiting body (usually a satellite) has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited (usually a planet), and in the same direction of rotation as that body.
		A satellite in a synchronous orbit that is both equatorial and circular will appear to be suspended motionless above a point on the orbited planet's equator.
		A synchronous orbit about the Earth that is circular and lies in the equatorial plane is called a geostationary orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synchronous_orbit (183 words)

	Knowledge For X class
		There are several types of orbits, and the orbit is selected depending on purposes of the satellites.
		With sun-synchronous orbit, positioning between the satellite and the sun is always the same, which means the area the satellite flies over always gets same sunlight angle.
		With this orbit, the incidence angle of sunlight to the land surface is always the same, and it allows to observe radiation and reflection from the land surface accurately.
	www.stepsedu.com /sun.htm (253 words)

	Planetary orbit Summary
		The third factor is the inclination of the orbit, or the angle between the plane of the orbit and the plane of Earth's orbit.
		First, he found that the orbits of the planets in our solar system are elliptical, not circular (or epicyclic), as had previously been believed, and that the sun is not located at the center of the orbits, but rather at one focus.
		The gravity of the orbiting object raises tidal bulges in the primary, and since below the synchronous orbit the orbiting object is moving faster than the body's surface the bulges lag a short angle behind it.
	www.bookrags.com /Planetary_orbit (4861 words)

	Introduction to satellite communications
		Orbits generally are described according to the physical shape of the orbit and the angle of inclination of the plane of the orbit.
		A satellite orbiting in an inclined orbit with an angle of inclination of 90 degrees or near 90 degrees is in a POLAR ORBIT.
		A satellite in a circular orbit at a height of approximately 19,300 nautical miles above the earth is in a synchronous orbit.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book17/76.htm (1695 words)

	Sun synchronous orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This satellite in sun-synchronous orbit rotates eastward about 1 degree each day.
		Each orbit experiences about 30 minutes darkness and 72 minutes sunlight.
		A sun-synchronous orbit describes the orbit of a satellite that provides consistent lighting of the Earth-scan view.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/SUN_SYNCH_ORBIT/DI155.htm (100 words)

	ESA - Launchers Home - Types of orbits
		A geostationary orbit, often referred to as a GEO orbit, circles the Earth above the equator from west to east at a height of 36 000 km.
		The orbital track of the satellite does not have to cross the poles exactly for an orbit to be called polar, an orbit which passes within 20 to 30 degrees of the poles is still classed as a polar orbit.
		Generally these orbits are used for Earth observation, solar study, weather forecasting and reconnaissance, as ground observation is improved if the surface is always illuminated by the Sun at the same angle when viewed from the satellite.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Launchers_Home/ASEHQOI4HNC_0.html (509 words)

	Footprints by Dish Size - Definition of Geostationary (Geosynchronous), Polar, LEO, HEO, MEO, Sun Synchronous Orbits, ...
		More technically, a geostationary orbit is a circular prograde orbit in the equatorial plane with an orbital period equal to that of the earth; this is achieved with an orbital radius of 6.6107 (equatorial) earth radii, or an orbital height of 35786 km.
		If the orbit is in the equatorial plane, and if rotation is in the same direction as the Earth, (rotating at the same angular velocity as the Earth) and it overflies the same point on the globe permanently then the satellite is termed geostationary.
		Radarsat is in orbit 798 kilometres above the Earth, at an angle of inclination of 98.6 degrees to the equator as it circles the globe from north pole to south pole.
	www.geo-orbit.org /sizepgs/geodef.html (6827 words)

	[No title]
		The orbit is stable, and the taper is minimized when the satellite's diameter is one third the planet's.
		The hub is put into a synchronous orbit about the planet, and the cable, extending outward in both directions from synchronous height, stands unmoving, rotating with the planet.
		The part beyond synchronous orbit is pulled away from the center by centrifugal force, and is made long enough to just cancel the pull on the downward segment.
	www.frc.ri.cmu.edu /~hpm/project.archive/1976.skyhook/papers/scable.pox (5031 words)

	Definition: synchronous orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		synchronous orbit: Any orbit in which an orbiting object has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited, and in the same direction of rotation as that body.
		If the synchronous orbit is not perfectly circular, the orbiting body will appear to move back and forth, eastward and westward.
		Note 2: A synchronous orbit about the Earth that is circular and lies in the equatorial plane is called a geostationary orbit.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_synchronous_orbit.html (152 words)

	Synchronous Orbit
		A satellite orbiting above the equator at that distance keeps its position above the same spot on the ground; hence this is known as the synchronous orbit, from the Greek syn--same, chronos--time.
		Such an orbit is useful first and foremost for communication satellites, because a ground station linked to the satellite will always be in touch with it, as long as its antenna points to a fixed spot on the sky.
		The synchronous orbit also happens to be the approximate boundary between the sheltered near-Earth magnetosphere and the outer portions where substorms and other active changes occur.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/wsynch.html (553 words)

	Geosynchronous orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Synchronous orbits exist around all moons, planets, stars and fl holes —unless they rotate so slowly that the orbit would be outside their Hill sphere.
		Circular geosynchronous orbits at the equator are known as geostationary orbits.
		In practice the satellite will drift out of this orbit (because of perturbations such as the solar wind, radiation pressure, variations in the Earth's gravitational field, and the gravitational effect of the Moon and Sun), and thrusters are used to maintain the orbit in a process known as stationkeeping.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit (732 words)

	Bearing Failure Modes
		The orbit will appear to vibrate slightly as this condition is created; the part may be slipping and then sticking on the shaft just prior to becoming a full fledged loose rotating part.
		The orbit will be more or less round in shape with an amplitude that nearly approximates the bearing clearance, and when the phase angle is superimposed upon the display, the orbit will appear to have two phase marks on it.
		The size of the orbit be will larger because the shaft uses up the entire bearing clearance as an oil wedge can no longer be established by the rotor and the shaft is in direct metal-to-metal contact with the bearing.
	www.stiweb.com /appnotes/jbfail.htm (1248 words)

	The Landsat Program - Images
		Schematic diagram illustrating the geometry of a sun-synchronous orbit for the morning descending node of Landsat.
		The changes during the year occur because apparent Sun motion in the ecliptic plane is non-uniform, whereas the satellite orbit precession is uniform relative to the equatorial plane.
		For a perfect unsynchronized orbit, the orbit o'clock angle remains constant.
	landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov /images/sun-sync.html (179 words)

	NASA Experimental Communications Satellites
		The idea for the synchronous communications satellite was invented by Arthur C. Clarke and published in the seminal article in Wireless World in 1945, but the first spacecraft to synchronous orbit, Syncom I, was not launched until February 14, 1963.
		This is a synchronous orbit around the equator in which the satellite appears to be stationary over a point on the surface.
		The Syncom 2 orbit was inclined 33 degrees to the equator so that it appeared to move 33 degrees North and 33 degrees South in a figure 8 path over a 24 hour period as observed from the ground.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/sat/syncom.html (806 words)

	Coverage and Orbits
		Geostationary orbits are circular orbits that are orientated in the plane of the Earth's equator.
		The "ascending" portion of the orbit corresponds to that portion of the orbit when the satellite is moving from south to north, while the "descending" part of the orbit corresponds to north to south movement.
		Since polar orbiting satellites are naturally of particular importance in polar regions (due to a combination of poor coverage by geostationary satellites and the frequent overflights of the satellites) it is useful to look at the orbits in a polar stereographic point of view.
	www.rap.ucar.edu /~djohnson/satellite/coverage.html (2095 words)

	The Mysteries of Orbits
		When one begins to study satellites he or she is bound to find out that orbits are an important part of the whole study.
		Learning about orbits will help one answer these questions and at the same time will give him or her a better understanding of how they work.
		The shape of an orbit of course depends upon all of the different circumstances involved, but the essential form that they take is elliptical.
	www.smgaels.org /physics/97/BMCCABE.HTM (726 words)

	Remote Sensing-Atmospheric Dynamics Data Sources
		So while a geostationary orbit is one form o synchronous orbit, it differes in that the orbital inclination is not always zero and it's form may be elliptical.
		A recurrent orbit is an orbit in which the satellite returns to the same position over the surface of the Earth within 24 hours, regardless of how many orbits it has made in that time.
		In a sun-synchronous orbit, the direction of rotation of the orbital plane and the period (the rotation angle per day) are the same as the Earth's orbital period (the rotation angle per day).
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /atmosphere/dynamics/documentation/remote.shtml (2206 words)

	SSHP - Orbital terms
		The rotation sense of the satellite in the orbit is referenced with respect to the rotation of the Earth.
		This type of orbit is ideal for frequent coverage of the equatorial regions, but for Low Earth Orbit equatorial orbits the satellite coverage circle is limited, and higher latitudes can not be covered.
		A geo-synchronous orbit has an orbital period that is an integer multiple or sub-multiple of the Earth's rotation rate, resulting in a repeating ground track.
	centaur.sstl.co.uk /sshp/orbterm.html (373 words)

	Orbit (dynamics) Summary
		The orbits of these satellites are influenced by atmospheric drag, which tends to bring the satellite down into the lower atmosphere, where it is either vaporized by atmospheric friction or falls to the planet's surface.
		A synchronous orbit around a celestial body is a nearly circular orbit in which the body's period of revolution equals its rotation period.
		This orbit is called a geosynchronous orbit for the Earth where, with its sidereal rotation period of 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds, the geosynchronous orbit is 21,480 miles (35,800 km) above the equator on the Earth's surface.
	www.bookrags.com /Orbit_(dynamics) (1364 words)

	Basics of Space Flight Section I. The Environment of Space
		The direction a spacecraft or other body travels in orbit can be direct, or prograde, in which the spacecraft moves in the same direction as the planet rotates, or retrograde, going in a direction opposite the planet's rotation.
		An inclination of 0 degrees means the spacecraft orbits the planet at its equator, and in the same direction as the planet rotates.
		An inclination of 180 degrees indicates a retrograde equatorial orbit.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /basics/bsf5-1.html (1166 words)

	Glossary
		Sun-synchronous orbit --a near-Earth orbit resembling that of a polar satellite, but inclined to it by a small angle.
		Synchronous orbit --a circular orbit around the Earth´s equator, at a distance of 6.6 Earth radii.
		This feature makes the synchronous orbit useful for communication satellites: a satellite transmitting TV programs to the US, for instance, will always be in touch with the US if "anchored" above it, and receiving antennas on the ground only need to point to one fixed spot in the sky.
	www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/gloss.html (5877 words)

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