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Topic: Synchrotron light

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	Synchrotrons-Key text
		They produce synchrotron radiation –; an amazing form of light that researchers are shining on molecules, atoms, crystals and innovative new materials in order to understand their structure and behaviour.
		Synchrotron radiation –; also referred to as synchrotron light – is a type of electromagnetic radiation –; energy that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves.
		Synchrotron light is being used to develop ceramics, structural composites and a wide range of plastics.
	www.science.org.au /nova/068/068key.htm (1224 words)

	Synchrotron light - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A synchrotron is a toroidial particle accelerator that boosts the velocity of electrons, protons or ionized atoms (ions) to near the speed of light.
		In a synchrotron this energy may be used for a number of experimental purposes.
		Synchrotron light is an ideal tool for many types of research and also has industrial applications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synchrotron_light (483 words)

	Canadian Light Source: Media
		Synchrotron light allows matter to be “seen” at the atomic scale – from the cross-sectional images of a mosquito’s knee to the nanosecond-by-nanosecond behavior of protein molecules such as antibodies.
		Synchrotron light can also be used more directly as an industrial tool, to etch microscopic patterns for more powerful computer chips, to machine tiny gears smaller than the width of a human hair, and to weld advanced ceramics that cannot be joined any other way.
		Synchrotron light was an annoyance to the researchers because it meant their electron beams lost energy every time they went through a bending magnet.
	www.lightsource.ca /media/quickfacts.php (968 words)

	Lighting The Way -- LBL's Advanced Light Source
		Synchrotron light is the electromagnetic radiation emitted by electrons when their speed or direction of motion is changed.
		Synchrotron accelerators, which use dipole "bending" magnets to curve the paths of accelerating electrons into circular orbits, produce copious amounts of synchrotron light in a sweeping beam that is similar to that of a beacon.
		Although the synchrotron light from the ALS bending magnets is not as bright as that from the ALS insertion devices, it compares very favorably with the light from other synchrotron bending magnet sources because of the high quality of the ALS' electron beam.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/advanced-light-source-at-lbl.html (2580 words)

	History of Synchrotron Radiation Sources
		Although natural synchrotron radiation from charged particles spiraling around magnetic-field lines in space is as old as the stars—for example the light we see from the Crab Nebula—short-wavelength synchrotron radiation generated by relativistic electrons in circular accelerators is only a half-century old.
		Fortunately for the future of synchrotron radiation, the machine was not fully shielded and the coating on the doughnut-shaped electron tube was transparent, which allowed a technician to look around the shielding with a large mirror to check for sparking in the tube.
		With synchrotron radiation available at wavelengths in the x-ray region down to 0.1 Å, experimenters at DESY were able to carefully check the spectral distribution against Schwinger's theory, as well as begin absorption measurements of metals and alkali halides and of photoemission in aluminum.
	xdb.lbl.gov /Section2/Sec_2-2.html (4050 words)

	What is a Light Source?
		The light sources in lightsources.org are accelerator-based sources of exceptionally intense, tightly focused beams of x rays and ultraviolet radiation, as well as infrared, that make possible both basic and applied reseach in fields from physics to biology to technology that are not possible with more conventional equipment.
		Accelerator-based synchrotron light was seen for the first time at the General Electric Research Laboratory in the USA in 1947 in a type of accelerator known as a synchrotron.
		Synchrotron light is always emitted in the forward direction in a narrow cone, like water droplets from a spinning wet tire.
	www.lightsources.org /cms?pid=1000166 (2156 words)

	NANOPOLIS - Multimedia Distributed Knowledge Network in Nanoscience and Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Synchrotron light is produced by electrons circulating around a ring accelerator at almost the speed of light.
		The beams of light are emitted tangentially to the curvature of the trajectory of the electrons and follow a straight path to the beamlines that are stored in the experimental hall.
		A synchrotron is a facility the size of a football field that produces light, principally X-rays, with special qualities such as extreme brightness and short wavelengths that permit unprecedented scientific and technological research.
	www.nanopolis.net /module.php?id=1 (914 words)

	NRC in the Spotlight - National Research Council Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The energy of the synchrotron light ranges from the infrared through to the ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths - perfect for probing the molecular arrangement and inter-molecular interactions which underlie the structure and function of stable, utilizable materials.
		Synchrotron radiation has been used by biomedical researchers to develop novel medications, by materials scientists to improve lubricants in spacecraft and by mining companies to reduce the toxicity of their tailings.
		In addition to the standard synchrotron radiation beamlines associated with each bending magnet, Canada's synchrotron features wigglers and undulators, the latest technology in dedicated synchrotron light facilities, which shake the electron beam back and forth to emit a collimated beam of light with high spectral tunability, competitive in brightness with the best in the world.
	www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /highlights/0402cls_e.html (916 words)

	National Synchrotron Light Source
		Radiation by orbiting electrons in synchrotrons was predicted by, among others, John Blewett, then a physicist for GE who went on to become one of Brookhaven's most influential accelerator physicists, working on both the Cosmotron and the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron.
		Because synchrotron light is very intense and well collimated, it is preferred to light produced by conventional laboratory sources.
		Before the light at the NSLS was turned on, however, the two inspired scientists responsible for the ingenious design of the two storage rings had died.
	www.nsls.bnl.gov /about/history (602 words)

	Synchrotron Light Source ANKA - What is a Synchrotron?
		Within the facility, electrons are accelerated almost to the speed of light and fly in a closed orbit inside a stainless steel tube around a 35 m diameter circuit.
		The emitted light is intense, highly focussed and extremely broadband, covering the entire spectral range from hard x-rays to the far infrared and terahertz ranges.
		Synchrotrons are large, expensive instruments that are beyond the means of most laboratories.
	ankaweb.fzk.de /about_anka/what_is_a_synchrotron.php (276 words)

	CERN Courier - Synchrotron radiation is bri - IOP Publishing - article
		The emission of light means a loss of energy in accelerator physics, where the main objective is to increase the energy.
		A succession of technological advances went on to propel synchrotron radiation to the forefront of scientific research as an instrument of choice for the study of matter at the atomic and molecular scales.
		Thanks to the pulsed structure of synchrotron light and to the brilliance of the new sources, it is now possible to take a sequence of images and identify intermediate states on a nanosecond scale.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/40/8/15 (1964 words)

	Dazzling new light source created at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
		Synchrotron light has revolutionized our view into the submicroscopic world and has contributed to major innovations in fields such as solid-state physics, materials science, environmental sciences, structural biology and chemistry.
		Synchrotron light is created when electrons traveling the speed of light take a curved path around a storage ring, a structure in which high-energy particles can be circulated many times and thus "stored." The electrons emit electromagnetic light in X-ray through infrared wavelengths.
		Thirty years ago, SSRL was among the first laboratories in the world to use synchrotron produced X-rays for studying matter at atomic and molecular scales, and the first to offer beam time to a broad community of scientists from academic, industry and government labs submitting research proposals for peer review.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2004/february4/spear3sr-24.html (750 words)

	AECOM CSB Infrared Spectroscopy
		is to combine the brightness of synchrotron infrared light and the chemical specificity of infrared spectroscopy in order to address important biological problems as diverse as the folding of proteins and the chemical structure of cells and tissues.
		Synchrotron infrared light is 1000 times brighter than a conventional infrared source (like a globar that you find in a commercial FTIR spectrometer).
		, synchrotron sources have considerable flux and brightness advantages over conventional far-infrared light sources due to the linear drop-off of flux with wavelength for the synchrotron compared to the fourth power drop-off for the globar.
	www.aecom.yu.edu /home/csb/infrared.htm (1161 words)

	Synchrotron radiation impacts discussed
		This intense light can be used to illuminate areas previously unknown to researchers, revolutionizing the study of sub-microscopic worlds.
		Synchrotron radiation is used to provide information about the paint used, helping resolve questions about a painting's origins.
		Largely though, synchrotron light is being used to address biomedical and environmental concerns around the world.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2004/may12/winick-212.html (454 words)

	Canadian Light Source Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A synchrotron produces extremely bright light by using powerful magnets and radio frequency waves to accelerate electrons to nearly the speed of light.
		This infra-red, ultraviolet and X-ray light is shone down beamlines to experiment endstations where scientists can select different parts of the spectrum to "see" the microscopic nature of matter, right down to the level of the atom.
		X-ray light is shone down beamlines to experiment endstations where scientists can select different parts of the spectrum to "see" the microscopic nature of matter, right down to the level of the atom.
	www.environmental-expert.com /technology/canadianls/canadianls.htm (1001 words)

	CERN Courier - Swiss Light Source set to be - IOP Publishing - article
		Synchrotron radiation, originally viewed by machine designers and experimentalists as a troublesome by-product of high-energy accelerators, has developed over the years into a powerful, multidisciplinary tool that is now fully exploited in modern synchrotron radiation light sources.
		The SLS was designed as an advanced third-generation light source capable of exceeding the performance of low-energy national sources and able to overlap with the hard X-ray spectral range of high-energy sources.
		Depending on the strength of the magnetic field and the periodicity of the poles, the electrons either "wiggle" or "undulate" in the horizontal plane, greatly enhancing the emission of synchrotron radiation by multiple transverse acceleration.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/42/3/16 (1289 words)

	Stanford Synchrotron Lab steps out on its own (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Synchrotron radiation is intensely bright, highly concentrated light, in a spectrum from x-rays to ultraviolet.
		The lab's beams of synchrotron light are a byproduct of high-energy physics experiments - the energy given off when electrons are forced to change speed or direction.
		The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center are national laboratories, operated by the Department of Energy.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/relaged/920219Arc2403.html (999 words)

	from X-rays to synchrotron light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This is precisely what a synchrotron light source does: it produces a high flux, and concentrates it into a narrow beam, as required for most applications of X-rays.
		The principles of synchrotron light are a fascinating consequence of Einstein's relativity.
		When the electron-torchlight passes through it, synchrotron light is conveyed along a straight tube.
	www.elettra.trieste.it /visitors/vtour_p03.html (338 words)

	Crystallographers take note: A synchrotron light source for your home lab
		During the past 30 years, synchrotron light sources have become the X-ray probe of choice for physicists, chemists, biologists and research physicians.
		The Compact Light Source is one of the technology development projects funded for its potential contribution to the NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative (PSI).
		The reduction in scale by a factor of 200 is caused by using a laser beam instead of the "undulator" magnets of the large synchrotrons.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-04/lti-ctn041204.php (664 words)

	Download Exploring matter with Synchrotron Light 2 by iMediasoft
		Exploring matter with Synchrotron Light - Conceived for a worldwide audience of students, scientists and industrialists, the CD-ROM Exploring matter with Synchrotron Light invites you to participate in a virtual tour of a synchrotron, it explains how a...
		Light Artist - Light Artist is a program that allows adding lighting effects to images and creating 3D effect.
		DSSF3 Light is equipped with the signal generator, the FFT analyzer, the sound level meter, the oscillosco...
	www.programurl.com /exploring-matter-with-synchrotron-light.htm (429 words)

	Australian Synchrotron - What is Synchrotron Light?
		Synchrotron light is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when electrons, moving at velocities close to the speed of light, are forced to change direction under the action of a magnetic field.
		Synchrotron light is unique in its intensity and brilliance and it can be generated across the range of the electromagnetic spectrum: from infrared to x-rays.
		High brightness: synchrotron light is extremely intense (hundreds of thousands of times more intense than that from conventional x-ray tubes) and highly collimated.
	www.synchrotron.vic.gov.au /content.asp?Document_ID=96 (192 words)

	Dazzling new light source opens at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
		Synchrotron light has revolutionized our view into the sub-microscopic world and has contributed to major innovations in fields including solid-state physics, materials science, environmental sciences, structural biology and chemistry.
		Synchrotron light is created when electrons traveling the speed of light take a curved path around a storage ring—emitting electromagnetic light in x-ray through infrared wavelengths.
		Thirty years ago, SSRL was among the first laboratories in the world to use synchrotron produced x-rays for studying matter at atomic and molecular scales, and the first to offer beam time to a broad user community of scientists from academic, industry and government labs (based on peer-reviewed proposals).
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /tip/special/spear3_press_release.htm (593 words)

	Development of Synchrotron Radiation Light Sources
		Synchrotrons produce a unique type of radiation—continuous across the spectrum and tunable to the desired wavelength—emitted by electrons accelerated in a magnetic field.
		The four are the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
		Synchrotrons are used for cutting-edge research in materials science, physical and chemical science, geosciences, environmental science, bioscience, and medical and pharmaceutical science.
	www.er.doe.gov /Sub/Accomplishments/Decades_Discovery/6.html (284 words)

	ASRP - The Boomerang Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is proposed that a high performance third generation synchrotron light source, Boomerang, be installed in Australia as a National Facility to provide internationally competitive synchrotron light facilities for Australian industry and science.
		Synchrotron light (electromagnetic radiation) is emitted when charged particles, in particular electrons or positrons, moving at velocities close to the speed of light, are forced to move in a circular orbit under the action of a magnetic field.
		Wide energy spectrum: synchrotron radiation is emitted with a wide range of energies, allowing a beam of any energy to be produced.
	www.ansto.gov.au /natfac/boomerang.html (987 words)

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