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Topic: Synchrotron radiation

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	Synchrotron radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Synchrotron radiation is electromagnetic radiation, similar to cyclotron radiation, but generated by the acceleration of ultrarelativistic (i.e., moving near the speed of light) electrons through magnetic fields.
		Current third generation synchrotron radiation sources typically are heavily based upon these insertion devices, when straight sections in the storage ring are used for inserting periodic magnetic structures (composed of many magnets that have a special repeating row of N and S poles) that force the electrons on a sinusoidal path or helical path.
		Synchrotron radiation is used in particle accelerators in radiation damping, a method of reducing beam emittance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synchrotron_radiation (932 words)

	Synchrotron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator in which the magnetic field (to turn the particles so they circulate) and the electric field (to accelerate the particles) are carefully synchronized with the travelling particle beam.
		Synchrotron radiation is useful for a wide range of applications and many synchrotrons have been built especially to produce synchrotron light.
		Synchrotrons which are useful for cutting edge research are large machines, costing tens or hundreds of millions of dollars to construct, and each beamline (there may be 20 to 50 at a large synchrotron) costs another two or three million dollars on average.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synchrotron (1171 words)

	History of Synchrotron Radiation Sources
		Fortunately for the future of synchrotron radiation, the machine was not fully shielded and the coating on the doughnut-shaped electron tube was transparent, which allowed a technician to look around the shielding with a large mirror to check for sparking in the tube.
		Langmuir is credited as recognizing it as synchrotron radiation or, as he called it, "Schwinger radiation." Subsequent measurements by the GE group began the experimental establishment of its spectral and polarization properties.
		With synchrotron radiation available at wavelengths in the x-ray region down to 0.1 Å, experimenters at DESY were able to carefully check the spectral distribution against Schwinger's theory, as well as begin absorption measurements of metals and alkali halides and of photoemission in aluminum.
	xdb.lbl.gov /Section2/Sec_2-2.html (4050 words)

	Radiation Reference @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Various forms of radiation may be distinguished, depending on the type of the emitted energy/matter, the type of the emission source, properties and purposes of the emission, etc.
		Particle radiation, radiation by means of particles that have a rest mass.
		Alpha radiation, composed of the nuclei of helium-4 atoms.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Radiation (234 words)

	Coherent Terahertz Synchrotron Radiation
		When the wavelength of synchrotron radiation is comparable to the length of an electron bunch in the storage ring, or the length of any structure on the bunch, the radiation from multiple electrons is in phase, resulting in a quadratic rather than the usual linear dependence of the power emitted on the number of electrons.
		The interaction of an electron bunch and its synchrotron radiation begins when an electron bunch bends through a magnetic field and emits a cone of synchrotron radiation that has a transverse electromagnetic field.
		However, when the wavelength of the emitted radiation is comparable to the length of an electron bunch, the electrons emit in unison rather than as individuals.
	www-als.lbl.gov /als/science/sci_archive/61coherent.html (1036 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although not usually a factor in the radiation">thermal radiation of stars, polarization is also present in radiation from coherent astronomical sources (e.g.
		Synchrotron radiation is more powerfully emitted by lighter particles, so these accelerators are invariably electron accelerators.
		Except for synchrotron radiation sources, the purpose of an accelerator is to generate high energy particles for interaction with matter.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Synchrotron-radiation.htm (903 words)

	Synchrotron Radiation
		Synchrotron radiation is the name given to the radiation which occurs when charged particles are accelerated in a curved path or orbit.
		Particularly in the application to circular particle accelerators like synchrotrons, where charged particles are accelerated to very high speeds, the radiation is referred to as synchrotron radiation.
		This radiated energy is proportional to the fourth power of the particle speed and is inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the path.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/particles/synchrotron.html (550 words)

	Recombination Radiation in a Synchrotron
		As explained in more detail on the main page (under Continuum Radiation), the usual interpretation of synchrotron radiation due to the acceleration of charges is logically inconsistent because it would make the emission observer dependent.
		In the following, the possibility is examined that this radiation could actually be due to recombination of air molecules which have been ionized by the synchrotron beam.
		synchrotron radiation) The observed pronounced angle dependence of this radiation is likely to be caused by the strong magnetic field of the synchrotron and/or the strongly directional velocities of the recombining charges.
	www.physicsmyths.org.uk /synchrotron.htm (454 words)

	ASRP - Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wide energy spectrum: synchrotron radiation is emitted with a wide range of energies, allowing a beam of any energy to be produced.
		First generation synchrotron sources were high energy physics accelerators, where the synchrotron radiation was an unwanted by-product.
		The second generation of synchrotron radiation facilities, such as the Photon Factory in Japan, were constructed expressly to provide synchrotron X-rays for research.
	www.ansto.gov.au /natfac/asrp4.html (644 words)

	synchrotron radiation. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Although predicted much earlier, synchrotron radiation was first observed as a glow associated with protons orbiting in high-energy particle accelerators, such as the synchrotron.
		In astronomy, synchrotron radiation has been suggested as the mechanism for producing strong celestial radio sources like the Crab Nebula (see radio astronomy).
		Synchrotron radiation is employed in a host of applications, ranging from solid-state physics to medicine.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sy/synchrad.html (238 words)

	Synchrotron Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This radiation is strongly polarized in the plane of motion and has a broad spectrum; it is called synchrotron radiation.
		For high-energy physicists the synchrotron radiation is a nuisance because the electrons lose energy and must be reaccelerated to keep them travelling around the ring.
		Originally this work began as a "parasite" project, using whatever synchrotron radiation was produced during high-energy physics use of the storage ring.
	galileo.phys.virginia.edu /classes/312/notes/syncrad.html (400 words)

	Synchrotron radiation impacts discussed
		In a demonstration of synchrotron radiation's applications in areas outside of science, Winick also showed how the technology is being used to restore Renaissance paintings at the Cantor Arts Center.
		Synchrotron radiation is used to provide information about the paint used, helping resolve questions about a painting's origins.
		Largely though, synchrotron light is being used to address biomedical and environmental concerns around the world.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2004/may12/winick-212.html (454 words)

	19 May 2004 - DESY: 40 Years of Research with Synchrotron Radiation at DESY
		The laboratory was one of the nuclei in which the worldwide success story of research with synchrotron radiation began," Professor Albrecht Wagner, Chairman of the DESY Board of Directors recalls.
		Forty years ago, synchrotron radiation at DESY started from scratch: At the beginning of the 1960s, the intense light generated when accelerated electrons fly around a curved path was regarded by the DESY physicists as an unwanted, disruptive effect.
		A further milestone was marked in 1980 by the establishment of the Hamburg Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory HASYLAB, which maintains a large experimental hall with nearly 40 measuring stations at the DORIS accelerator.
	www.interactions.org /cms/?pid=1012146&printable=1 (727 words)

	Synchrotron Radiation
		Synchrotron radiation is emitted by electrons orbiting in a storage ring.
		Undulators are periodic magnet structures that represent the state of the art in producing synchrotron radiation.
		Undulators at the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) are optimized for the 10-100 eV energy range, which represents the best energies for exciting the valence electrons.
	uw.physics.wisc.edu /~himpsel/synrad.html (893 words)

	Radio Emission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since the energy of an EM wave is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength, the higher the energy of the wave, the higher the frequency, and the shorter the wavelength.
		This is the radiation permeating the entire Universe that was released during the Big Bang explosion and has been cooling for the last 15 billion years.
		Today the CMB radiation is so cold (only 2.725 K, or -270° C), that most of the radiation is emitted at radio wavelengths of a few centimeters (also called "microwave" radiation; see image at right).
	www.nrao.edu /whatisra/mechanisms.shtml (2526 words)

	SSRL: Research Using Synchrotron Radiation
		The radiation is produced in the large dipole magnets
		Synchrotron radiation is used to study structural details of matter, on a scale that is sensitive to the placement of individual atoms.
		During the last three decades synchrotron radiation has markedly expanded the scope of such investigation because of its high X-ray intensity and the ability to produce a pre-selected wavelength range.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/ssrl/ssrl-research.html (455 words)

	GTN: Synchrotron Radiation
		The radiation from ordinary galaxies is dominated by thermal radiation from stars and dust.
		Synchrotron radiation is produced when energetic electrons move through a region of space containing a magnetic field.
		This index may be related to the energy distribution of the electrons producing the radiation, and to the strength and uniformity of the magnetic field.
	gtn.sonoma.edu /public/resources/active_galaxies/synchronation_radiation.php (385 words)

	synchrotron radiation on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Synchrotron radiation has research potential in all chemical areas.
		SYNCHROTRON RADIATION [synchrotron radiation] in physics, electromagnetic radiation emitted by high-speed electrons spiraling along the lines of force of a magnetic field (see magnetism).
		Influence of the vertical emittance on the calculability of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/synchrad.asp (435 words)

	U.S. Synchrotron Radiation Light Sources
		The unique properties of synchrotron radiation are its continuous spectrum, high flux and brightness, and high coherence, which make it an indispensable tool in the exploration of matter.
		The features of synchrotron radiation are especially well matched to the needs of nanoscience.
		By exploiting the short pulse lengths of synchrotron radiation, each technique can be performed in a timing fashion.
	www.sc.doe.gov /bes/synchrotron_techniques (314 words)

	Chandra :: Field Guide to X-ray Astronomy :: Another Form of Light
		Synchrotron radiation from cosmic sources has a distinctive spectrum, or distribution of photons with energy.
		The radiation falls off with energy less rapidly than does the spectrum of radiation from a hot gas.
		When synchrotron radiation is observed in supernova remnants, cosmic jets, or other sources, it reveals information about the high-energy electrons and magnetic fields that are present.
	chandra.harvard.edu /xray_astro/xrays3.html (193 words)

	Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility SURF III - Synchrotron Radiation
		Synchrotron radiation is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles travel in curved paths.
		The synchrotron radiation output can be calculated if the electron energy, bending radius, electron current, angle relative to the orbital plane, the distance to the tangent point and vertical and horizontal acceptance angles are known.
		Figure 2: Vertical angular spread of the synchrotron radiation at SURF for 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1000 nm wavelength at 380 MeV.
	physics.nist.gov /MajResFac/SURF/SURF/sr.html (344 words)

	Synchrotron radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Synchrotron radiation is the name given to light radiated by an electric charge following a curved trajectory -for example, a charged particle under the influence of a magnetic field.
		Synchrotron radiation is a natural phenomenon that has existed since the Big Bang.
		This is called magnetic bremsstrahlung or synchrotron radiation (after radiation observed from particle accelerators by that name).
	ychenie.net (701 words)

	[No title]
		The storage ring for the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF) is the 1.6-2.8 GeV Beijing Electron-Positron Collider(BEPC), which was constructed for China's first project on high energy physics research.
		The storage ring was designed to be operating either in the colliding mode or in the dedicated synchrotron radiation mode.
		The Beijing Synchrotron Radiation laboratory(BSRL) was founded in July of 1985, and the construction of the first beam line was completedin 1989.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/china/ins/IHEP/bsrf/bsrf.html (631 words)

	buch.de - bücher - Synchrotron Radiation - H. Wiedemann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In this book the characteristics of synchrotron radiation, including insertion device radiation, are described and derived from first principles.
		Since the characteristics of synchrotron radiation are intimately connected with the parameters of the electron beam and its accelerator, a basic introduction to electron beam dynamics and accelerator design is included.
		The book is aimed at graduate students and scientists working with synchrotron radiation and is designed to serve both as a textbook and as a reference work.
	www.buch.de /buch/01908/216_synchrotron_radiation.html (142 words)

	Synchrotron, Radiation: Grenoble: France: Flight Car Hotel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That curly grass which always grows by country roadsides became clearly visible, still wet Synchrotron, Radiation with the nights rain; the drooping branches of the birches, also wet, swayed in the wind and flung down bright drops of water to one side.
		To ride this horse was a pleasure to him, and he thought of the horse, of the morning, of the doctors wife, but not once of the impending danger.
		And the hussars, passing along the line of Synchrotron, Radiation troops on the left flank of our position, halted behind our Uhlans who were in the front line.
	www.flight-car-hotel.com /france/grenoble/synchrotron--radiation.html (976 words)

	NSLS Infrared Synchrotron Radiation Publication List
		Observation of coherent synchrotron radiation from the NSLS VUV ring, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 463 387 (2001).
		The detailed characteristics of the bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation from the VUV ring are reported and compared with models of longitudinal instabilities.
		The general facility for performing time-resolved spectroscopy using pulsed synchrotron radiation with a synchronized Ti:sapphire laser is described.
	pubweb.bnl.gov /people/carr/pdf/pub_list.html (764 words)

	Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
		This volume was produced in response to the need for a comprehensive introduction to the continually evolving state of the art of synchrotron radiation applications in low-temperature geochemistry and environmental science.
		Chapter 2 (Sham and Rivers) describes the ways that synchrotron radiation is generated, including a history of synchrotrons and a discussion of aspects of synchrotron radiation that are important to the experimentalist.
		The reader of this volume will acquire an appreciation of the theory and applications of synchrotron radiation in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science, as well as the significant advances that have been made in this area in the past two decades (especially since the advent of the third-generation synchrotron sources).
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/RIM/Rim49.html (653 words)

	NIST Physics Laboratory - SURF III Upgrade
		Synchrotron radiation was observed from SURF III for the first time at 11:10 on the morning of 17 Dec 98, just 3 days after the commissioning process began.
		Initially operated in a parasitic mode at the NIST electron synchrotron, the facility was converted into the SURF II electron storage ring in 1974.
		The radiometric accuracy of SURF II as an irradiance standard was limited by the uniformity of the magnetic field encountered by the electrons as they traversed their orbit.
	physics.nist.gov /MajResFac/SURF/SURF.html (1074 words)

	Lecture 4 : Synchrotron Radiation
		Synchrotron emission is strongly beamed along the direction of motion, which turns out to be perpendicular to the acceleration.
		In panel (b), the beaming effect on the radiation is illustrated for a relativistic photon.
		Hz, thought to be due to the high energy electrons, which are able to radiate their energy away in a time shorter than the age of the nebula.
	www.astro.utu.fi /~cflynn/astroII/l4.html (2033 words)

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