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Topic: Synoptic scale meteorology

	Synoptic - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Meteorology, study of the earth’s atmosphere and especially the study of weather.
		The Synoptic Gospels is a term used by modern New Testament scholars for the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, and Luke of the New Testament in the Bible.
		The synoptic scale in meteorology (also known as large scale or cyclonic scale) is a horizontal length scale of the order of 1000 kilometres (about 620 miles) or more.
	encarta.msn.com /Synoptic.html (293 words)

	AFC - Weather Glossary
		a synoptic scale segment of troposphere whose temperature and humidity are usefully related to a geographical source region.
		a swath of cloud and precipitation which is synoptic scale in length and at least large-mesoscale in breadth, and is associated with a significant horizontal temperature gradient in the low troposphere of an extratropical cyclone.
		synoptic scale ascent and descent associated with extratropical cyclones and anticyclones.
	www.advancedforecasting.com /weathereducation/weatherglossary.html (5209 words)

	Synoptic Meteorology: A Primer
		Synoptic meteorology is the study and analysis of weather information obtained simultaneously over a wide area.
		A synoptic chart is a map presenting data and analyses that describe the state of the atmosphere over a large area at a given moment in time.
		The objective of synoptic meteorology is to forecast weather.
	nsidc.org /arcticmet/basics/synoptic_meteorology.html (251 words)

	Mesoscale Definition: Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Synoptic model initial and boundary conditions serve as the “hammer” to guide the meso-model “chisel.” The hammer is useful by itself, especially for rough work.
		Synoptic meteorological processes such as fronts, highs, and lows are associated with wavelengths of greater than 2000 km and normally persist for days to weeks.
		On a synoptic scale and even upper mesoscale-alpha, the atmosphere is very nearly in hydrostatic equilibrium.
	meted.ucar.edu /mesoprim/mesodefn/print.htm (1360 words)

	Meteorology Course Descriptions
		Synoptic and climatological conditions associated with anomalous refraction are studied.
		Synoptic models of extratropical vortices, waves and frontal systems, with emphasis on three dimensional space structure and time continuity, including isentropic surfaces and vertical cross-section analysis.
		Examination of observed spectra and scales of atmospheric turbulence.
	www.weather.nps.navy.mil /mr-course-des.htm (2002 words)

	FSU 2005-2007 Graduate Bulletin
		Throughout its history the department has had one of the leading meteorology programs in the country and at present is considered to be one of the top ten departments in the nation for overall excellence of broadly based programs.
		Meteorology graduate students are candidates for either the master of science (MS) or doctor of philosophy (PhD) degrees.
		Prior work in meteorology is not a requirement for admission to graduate study in the Department of Meteorology, but candidates must have a strong preparation in mathematics and physics.
	registrar.fsu.edu /bulletin/grad/depts/meteorology.htm (2155 words)

	Synoptic Meteorology
		Synoptic meteorology has traditionally been concerned with the analysis and prediction of large-scale weather systems, such as extratropical cyclones and their associated fronts and jet streams.
		An important aim of synoptic training is to acquaint the student with the structure and behavior of the real atmosphere.
		Recent synoptic research in the department has dealt with such diverse subjects as the large-scale tropical and subtropical disturbances, extratropical cyclones, polar lows, the interactions between tropical and extratropical systems, and the large-scale effects of volcanic eruptions.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /academic/synoptic.html (165 words)

	Research: Sara C. Pryor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Quantifying the temporal and spatial scales of atmospheric circulation is necessary to aid short-term forecasting, and prediction of future climate regimes.
		Assessing changes in synoptic scale phenomena (frequency and severity) may also aid the search for a fingerprint of anthropogenically induced climate change.
		My current research focuses upon developing methods to quantify synoptic scale variability and assessment of the impact of synoptic meteorology upon the inter-annual and inter-decadal variability of air pollution concentrations.
	www.indiana.edu /~speaweb/fcltydir/r_pryor.html (465 words)

	AOS 3 Lecture Screens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The size scale of phenomena related to mesoscale meteorology (severe storms such as thunderstorms) is not as large as the global or planetary scale that typifies much of dynamic meteorology.
		Synoptic meteorology is a subset of dynamic meteorology.
		Weather systems such as those depicted on weather maps are synoptic scale.
	www.atmos.ucla.edu /AS3/scrns/wxelem/Note01.html (232 words)

	JetStream - An Online School for Weather: Glossary - S's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This scale was developed in an effort to estimate the possible damage a hurricane's sustained winds and storm surge could do to a coastal area.
		The scale of numbers are based on actual conditions at some time during the life of the storm.
		Synoptic flights better define the upper atmosphere and aid in the prediction of tropical cyclone development and movement.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /jetstream/append/glossary_s.htm (8251 words)

	ATS 656 - Moist Convective Systems & Tropical Meteorology
		Specific topic areas include synoptic climatology, the dynamics of tropical flows (e.g., Kelvin waves, near Equatorial flows), convective scale dynamics, island meteorology, tropical cyclones, and the broad forces driving tropical circulations (e.g., ENSO, radiative-convective equilibrium, latent heating distributions, gregarious cloud systems).
		The goal of the class is to provide students in graduate level atmospheric science a background into tropical meteorology, emphasizing aspects of atmospheric convection across the Tropics.
		Synoptic Scale Circulations: a) Jet streams b) Westerly wind events, c) Persistent convergent zones d) Influences of the land and sea
	vortex.nsstc.uah.edu /~johnm/ats_656.html (320 words)

	Icing
		After the initial work is complete, a look into the synoptic-scale meteorology of these separate circumstances is needed to assess the type of weather pattern that was present during these events.
		Scales are shown to the right of the diagrams.
		The in situ measurements were averaged on vertical scales matching those of the radiometer retrievals.
	www.rap.ucar.edu /asr2001/icing-section.htm (2908 words)

	Abstracts
		The characteristic radiometric features that distinguish overcast from clear-sky conditions at south pole are discussed, mean profiles of infrared fluxes, temperatures, vector winds, and heating rates are presented, and a summary is provided of cloud properties that may be of use to climate modelers.
		The variations were found to be related to local and synoptic scale meteorology interacting with local and regional sources and sinks of CO2.
		The results are consistent with an overall source of CO2 in the tundra of the Alaskan North Slope and a significant sink for CO2 in the ice-free areas of the seas bordering Alaska.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /star/abstracts.html (5269 words)

	Overview
		Perhaps pure wind observations might be very useful on larger scales, where "balance" relationships can be exploited to infer a lot about the thermodynamic structure from wind observations alone, but it is obvious that we should not be satisfied with "wind-only" enhancements to the observing system for severe convection-related problems.
		Although synoptic-scale meteorology has been quite successful in describing the general features of weather systems, the majority of the weather events that affect people substantially are associated with mesoscale and smaller processes.
		Scale interaction is virtually by definition a product of this nonlinearity, so a treatment of scale interactions necessarily must include a nonlinear treatment of the physical processes.
	www.cimms.ou.edu /~doswell/Monograph/Overview.html (14590 words)

	ATS 652 - Synoptic Meteorology
		Heavy emphasis is placed on building an understanding of potential vorticity theory and understanding synoptic weather via isentropic analysis.
		The class will highlight aspects of synoptic scale weather unique to the southeastern U.S., given the combined tropical and midlatiude influences.
		The goal of the course is to provide students in graduate level atmospheric science a broad background into synoptic meteorology at a level above undergraduate level material.
	vortex.nsstc.uah.edu /~johnm/ats_652.html (217 words)

	courses
		Introduction to meteorology presents a cogent explanation of the fundamentals of atmospheric dynamics.
		The basic conservation laws and the applications of the basic equations of motion are discussed in the context of synoptic scale meteorology.
		The thermodynamics of the atmosphere are derived based on the equation of state of the atmosphere with specific emphasis on adiabatic and pseudo-adiabatic motions.
	www.stevens-tech.edu /engineering/ceoe/Grad/courses.html (2040 words)

	University of Wisconsin Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences - Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		One of the most fundamental phenomena in synoptic meteorology is the Rossby wave.
		My research interests are in using the concepts of the conservation and invertibility of PV to understand various synoptic and large scale flow phenomena including but not limited to extratropical and tropical cyclogenesis, frontogenesis, and atmospheric blocking.
		The issues to be studied are understanding the effects of synoptic scale eddies and nonconservative processes on the large scale flows within the troposphere and along the tropopause.
	www.aos.wisc.edu /people/content/faculty/Morgan.html (403 words)

	Influence of UV-B on ozone at Chaumont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Total ozone changes occur on the scale of days due to atmospheric circulation as well as on a longterm scale due to anthropogenic influence, solar variability, and volcanic eruptions.
		An observation-based attempt is made to quantify the effect on surface ozone peaks on a day-to-day scale using time series of an elevated site.
		Because daily total ozone changes are coupled with synoptic scale meteorology, which also influences surface ozone, regression models are calculated for each season.
	www.giub.unibe.ch /~broenn/egs99.htm (272 words)

	Synoptic scale features
		They have dimensions of 500 – 3000 km, probably last for several days and are characterised by mainly horizontal motion and geostrophic equilibrium, and are the major features shown on the two-dimensional mean sea level surface charts and forecast charts published daily, or more frequently, by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
		The anticyclones were described in section 4.4, the other synoptic features appearing on those surface charts are described in this section.
		The msl analysis, below, from the World Meteorological Centre, Melbourne, shows the synoptic features in a polar projection of half the Southern Hemisphere, from the prime to the 180° meridians, and covering the area of southern Africa at the left, the Indian and Southern Oceans, Antarctica at the bottom and Australia/NZ at the right.
	www.auf.asn.au /meteorology/section5.html (2216 words)

	ATSC 5160 Synoptic Meteorology
		The course is organized around these three main topics, the synoptic scale, the mesoscale, and the organization of precipitation.
		6.2 QG framework (scaling of the equations of motion in isobaric coordinates, the QG vorticity eqn)
		The challenge forecasters always face is what a given synoptic scenario implies, for the local weather.
	www-das.uwyo.edu /~geerts/atsc5160/syllabus.htm (916 words)

	Dr. Stephen J. Colucci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		My research in large-scale synoptic meteorology is concerned with the analysis and prediction of weather systems larger than 1000 kilometers in horizontal extent such as mid-latitude cyclones and mid-tropospheric blocking patterns.
		One focus of this research is the role of cyclone-scale processes (including latent heat release in precipitation), relative to larger scale, lower frequency processes, in the formation of blocking patterns.
		A second focus of research inquiry is the role of initial and evolving weather conditions (cyclone activity, blocking patterns, persistent anomalies, etc.) in determining the accuracy of numerical long-range (30-day) weather predictions.
	met-www.cit.cornell.edu /atmos/colucci.html (382 words)

	Chapter 6: Description of the Individual Platforms
		The islands themselves have little effect on the general circulation or meteorology of the region, and the small population minimizes the anthropogenic impact on the air and water quality of the region.
		The chemistry and physics of the MBL are key to INDOEX because much of the pollution from India is carried in the lower atmosphere, because convective clouds develop from warm moist MBL air, and because the remote MBL is a major sink for ozone.
		Further, the solar and longwave flux measurements at the surface will be correlated with clouds (from satellites) and ER-2 measurements to examine the link between the water-vapor, aerosol optical depth, ozone amount and clouds and downward solar radiation at the surface, as well as the effect of cirrus on surface solar insolation.
	www-indoex.ucsd.edu /publications/proposal/chap6.html (11591 words)

	New Book - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Meteorology: the science dealing with the atmosphere and its phenomena.
		Mountain meteorology: meteorology of a mountainous or topographically complex area.
		Synoptic-scale: any phenomenon occurring on the spatial scale of the migratory high and low pressure systems of the lower troposphere, with wavelengths of 1000 to 2500 km and on time scales exceeding 12 hours.
	www.pnl.gov /atmos_sciences/Cdw/Glossary.html (11111 words)

	University of Hawaii Meteorology \| Research at the Department
		On the medium (synoptic) scale, typhoons and the way they interact with their environment, interactions between mid-latitude weather systems and the tropics.
		On the smaller medium (meso) scale, local pollution, local winds, severe storms and properties of cloud ensembles.
		On the small (micro) scale, physics and chemistry of individual clouds and associated rainfall fluctuations.
	lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu /Dept/meteorology/met_research.html (252 words)

	University of Wisconsin Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences - Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The impact of latent heating on atmospheric circulations occurs on scales ranging from hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometers.
		At the University of Wisconsin, the dynamics and microphysical processes behind the growth of convective weather systems are studied through numerical modelling of the scale interaction process.
		Of particular interest are warm core cyclone disturbances such as the hurricane tropical cloud clusters, extratropical meoscale convective complexes and extratropical warm core seclusions.
	www.aos.wisc.edu /people/content/faculty/Tripoli.html (247 words)

	IALC: IALC: Projects & Researchers: Project Number Search
		"Synoptic climatology of major floods In the Negev Desert, Israel." Int.
		"A mid-winter, tropical extreme flood-producing storm in the Negev, December 1993: Synoptic scale analysis." (in preparation).
		"Synoptic climatology of rainstorms that induce floods in Southern Israel: A key for improving flood prediction." The EGS2000:XXV General Assembly.
	alic.arid.arizona.edu /ialc/ialc4.asp?proj=00R-21 (660 words)

	NIA at NCSU - People
		Synoptic Scale, Mesoscale and Microscale Numerical Modeling, Synoptic Meteorology, Dynamical Meteorology, Mesoscale Meteorology, Aviation Meteorology
		Part I: Observational analyses of synoptic scale upper- and subsynoptic scale lower-tropospheric forcing.
		Part I: A 44 case study synoptic observational analyses.
	www.ncsu.edu /nia/personnel/kaplan.html (201 words)

	Climate and Meterology Faculty and Graduate Students
		Boundary layer meteorology, especially the dynamic and thermodynamic response of the boundary layer to surface variations
		Representation of sub-grid scale turbulent exchange processes in numerical weather or climate models
		Synoptic circulation classification and downscaling for the Midwestern United States
	www.indiana.edu /~climate/fac.html (308 words)

	VALIDATION OF REGIONAL TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS USING A TRACER OF OPPORTUNITY
		Coherence derived from a cospectrum calculated for two time series varies between 0 and 1 and may be interpreted as a correlation between these time series expressed as a function of frequency or wavelength.
		We were able to correctly reproduce the regional scale transport between the Los Angeles Basin and the Grand Canyon region.
		Pryor, S. Davies, T. Hoffer, and M. Richman, 1995: The influence of synoptic scale meteorology on transport of urban air to remote locations.
	biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu /~marek/archive/models/tracer1/tracer1.htm (1877 words)

	Atmospheric Science Division - Smog - Meteorological Conditions in Eastern Canada during the NARSTO-CE Oxidants Study ...
		Elevated surface ozone concentrations in the Atlantic region result primarily from the advection of ozone and precursors from heavily populated and industrialized emission source regions but are also influenced by regional anthropogenic and biogenic emissions.
		Thus, variations in both local and synoptic scale meteorology are important in determining surface ozone concentrations.
		During substantial periods of the 1996 NARSTO-CE study, meteorology in the Atlantic region was dominated by transient weather systems moving along a jet stream displaced more to the south than normal.
	www.ns.ec.gc.ca /msc/as/smog_conditions.html (232 words)

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