
	Where results make sense

Topic: Syntactic ambiguity

Related Topics

Ambiguity

Sentence (linguistics)

List of linguistic topics

Groucho Marx

Bigglymuff

Avesta

Tony Lupien

Noun phrase

Stereobelt

Naberus

Lakonia

Beak

John Tory

Biker gang

	ambiguity@Everything2.com
		Syntactic Ambiguity: Also known as structural ambiguity, Syntactic ambiguity is when the role a word plays in a sentence is unclear.
		Scope ambiguity: It is under debate whether this type of ambiguity is a form of syntactic or lexical ambiguity, or whether it represents a unique class of ambiguity.
		Linguistic ambiguities of this type and the fact that language is symbolic have posed huge problems for computer scientists attempting to implement various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node=ambiguity (666 words)

	Ambiguity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ambiguity is distinct from vagueness, which arises when the boundaries of meaning are indistinct.
		Syntactic ambiguity arises when a sentence can be parsed in more than one way.
		In music pieces or sections which confound expectations and may be or are interpreted simultaneously in different ways are ambiguous, such as some polytonality, polymeter, other ambiguous meters or rhythms, and ambiguous phrasing, or (Stein 2005, p.79) any aspect of music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ambiguity (559 words)

	The man wrote to his brother from the city about their father in his native language. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is based on iterative reestimation of the probabilities of the syntactic structure variants of the phrases in the corpus at one pass, and of the statistical weights of the subcategorization frames at the other pass.
		Syntactic ambiguity is one of the most difficult problems of text processing.
		One of the most common sources of such ambiguity is attachment of prepositional phrases (or, in languages with grammatical cases, of clauses in oblique cases).
	www.gelbukh.com /CV/Publications/1999/PACLING-1999-Frames.htm (2800 words)

	AMLaP-99 Abstract
		Resolution of a simple main verb/reduced relative ambiguity (1) is known to be sensitive to semantic cues - the relative clause parse is easier when it follows an inanimate subject.
		We have manipulated the syntactic load by embedding these ambiguities (2), which changes the global processing load at the ambiguous region, and not the nature of the local syntactic ambiguity (in contrast to the manipulation used in Gibson et al.
		These results support the notion that syntactic and semantic processes compete for a common pool of resources; variability in the availability of semantic cues does not require a change in subjects or a change in the local syntactic ambiguity.
	www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk /~amlap99/abs/990625-19.html (629 words)

	Hearing and Speech Sciences
		Local ambiguity refers to cases where the syntactic function of a word is later clarified as we hear more of the sentence.
		Cases of local ambiguity would require a listener to retain a representation of the surface form of the sentence.
		Cases in which the initial misinterpretation of an ambiguous word leads to errors in the formation of semantic propositions would require the listener to have a memory buffer.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /hesp/newman/newman_classes/newman300/chapter5.htm (1751 words)

	Do Speakers Help Listeners?
		This leads to ambiguity because a listener cannot tell whether you is the direct object of the verb or is the subject of a sentence complement until he hears the rest of the sentence.
		The ambiguity avoidance hypothesis predicts that speakers will use disambiguating prosody in any situation where the listener might choose the wrong interpretation, that is, in the two ambiguous conditions, AP and AI.
		If speakers are not using prosody to avoid ambiguity for their listener, but for some other reason (maybe to reinforce the correct interpretation for themselves), the results should show a main effect of how helpful the picture was, no effect of common/privileged ground, and no interactions.
	www.psych.upenn.edu /~mims/699paper.html (11669 words)

	MPI Annual Report 1996
		All syntactic tasks activated a cortical area at the dorsal border of the pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area), extending anteriorly into the middle frontal gyrus (Figure 9.1a, b, and e).
		When the syntactic error detection task was directly compared to the sentence production task, additional activation was seen in bilateral inferior frontal areas, as well as in the left temporoparietal junction (Wernicke's area) and, to a lesser extent, its right homologue (Figure 9.1f and Figure 9.2f).
		In contrast to the syntactic enhancement of the N400-effect, the SPS was not affected by an additional semantic violation.
	www.mpi.nl /world/anrep/96/ar512.htm (3182 words)

	Computing Papers on Syntactic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Syntactic Parsers manipulate the declarative knowledge of the grammar to determine if a sentence is correct or not.
		In the initial implementation of the system, a transformational Syntactic analysis was applied to sentences formulated by the analyst as summaries of information content in the text he was scanning on a display scope.
		A module is a Syntactic grouping of declarations describing the static structure of a software system [5], while a type serves a similar purpose regarding a system s dynamic structure [6].
	computing.breinestorm.net /Syntactic (2645 words)

	Ambiguity
		Now syntactic ambiguity may coincide with genuine meaning ambiguity, but very often it does not, and it is the cases where it does not that we want to eliminate by applying knowledge about meaning.
		We have seen that syntactic analysis is useful in ruling out some wrong analyses, and this is another such case, since, by checking for agreement of subject and object, it is possible to find the correct interpretations.
		Notice, however, that this example is not genuinely ambiguous at all, knowledge of what a Postscript interface is (in particular, the fact that it is a piece of software, not a piece of hardware that could be used for making a physical connection between a printer to an office computer) serves to disambiguate.
	www.essex.ac.uk /linguistics/clmt/MTbook/HTML/node53.html (1442 words)

	MPI Annual Report 1996
		The use of syntactic and semantic information was investigated through an examination of how two types of structural ambiguity were resolved and through a study of modifier attachment preferences.
		A total of 300 subjects were tested in the experiments on syntactic ambiguity, with a testing time of three to three and a half hours per subject.
		In sentences in which a conjoined NP resulted in a restriction violation (2), no effect of the syntactic ambiguity was observed either in the EVM measures or in the ERP data.
	www.mpi.nl /world/anrep/96/ar511.htm (1480 words)

	Neural correlates of syntactic ambiguity in sentence comprehension for low and high span readers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Syntactically ambiguous sentences have been found to be difficult to process, in particular, for individuals with low working memory capacity.
		Furthermore, it was only the BA 44 region that exhibited an interaction of working memory span, length of the syntactic ambiguity, and sentence complexity.
		This finding suggests that neural activity in BA 44 increases during sentence comprehension when processing demands increase, be it due to syntactic processing demands or by an interaction with the individually available working memory capacity.
	www.nici.kun.nl /Publications/2004/17384.html (257 words)

	Syntactic ambiguity -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Syntactic ambiguity is a property of (A string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language) sentences which may be parsed in more that one way.
		It may or may not involve one word having two parts of speech or (Two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings) homonyms.
		For philosophical considerations of ambiguity, see (Unclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning) ambiguity.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sy/syntactic_ambiguity.htm (277 words)

	MAITE MELERO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As far as lexical ambiguity is concerned, it packs all the senses and subcategorization patterns and even different syntactic categories of a given word into a single record, which will only be disambiguated later if needed.
		As for syntactic ambiguity, all the trees (and nodes) have a probability attached to them, and so the system will only output the parsed tree with the highest probability, and that is the tree used to create the corresponding Logical Form or LF.
		Syntactic Functions are primarily assigned on the basis of the Semantic Roles present in LF, although the information about the category of the head sometimes has to be used in order to disambiguate between different SFs that share the same Semantic Role.
	gs37.sp.cs.cmu.edu /ari/papers/SpanishGeneration2000.htm (2508 words)

	AdamsDrafting » Blog Archive » Illinois Case Provides Great Example of Syntactic Ambiguity
		This provision is ambiguous, in that it’s not clear whether “fast food” modifies just “restaurant” or modifies both “restaurant” and “restaurant facility.” (Regarding this kind of syntactic ambiguity, see MSCD 8.120.
		Because of this ambiguity, Regency and Lopax were able to propose different meanings for this provision.
		Regency argued that the intent of the contract was to prohibit fast food operations that serve primarily chicken, and that because the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant wasn’t a fast-food restaurant it didn’t fall foul of the restrictive covenant.
	adamsdrafting.com /system/2007/05/15/illinois-syntactic-ambiguity (610 words)

	syntactic ambiguity
		Syntactic ambiguity is a property of sentences which may be parsed in more that one way...
		Syntactic ambiguity is a property of sentences which may be parsed in...
		Syntactic ambiguity is a property of sentences Sentence, derived from Latin sententia...
	www.milton-model.com /milton_model/syntactic-ambiguity.html (461 words)

	The man wrote to his brother from the city about their father in his native language.
		Syntactic ambiguity is one of the most difficult problems of text processing and processing of large text corpora.
		In many languages syntactic ambiguity is greatly increased by ambiguity of attachment of prepositional phrases, or, more generally, of clauses in specific grammatical cases.
		In fact the morphological ambiguity is very rare in the variants of parsing, since it is usually resolved by the syntactic grammar itself.
	www.gelbukh.com /REDII/REDII-99/Publications/PacificSDW.htm (3999 words)

	Frank, King, Kuhn, Maxwell (1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ambiguity is one of the key problems in the construction of scalable natural language processing systems.
		We can also use this PP example to show the limitations of a constraint ranking exclusively based on syntactic information: sentence (6) will give rise to exactly the same ambiguity as (3); however this time the different choice of lexical items reveals that structure (5) is the intended one.
		We discussed cases of syntactic ambiguities where the usage of OT to express syntactic preferences between otherwise grammatical analyses was problematic.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /~jonas/html-papers/lfg98-ot (5854 words)

	Evaluation of the Syntactic Parsing
		The remaining syntactic tags are then subject to the application of syntactic constraints.
		The overgeneration of syntactic tags seems to be the reason why the connection between recall and morphological overgeneration seems to be reversed.
		If a word has many syntactic tags attached to it, the chance of finding the correct one among them is greater than if only one syntactic tag is present.
	text.sics.se /bibliotek/nodalida/1998_kph/NODA98-11/NODA98-11.html (2091 words)

	Syntactic sugar expressions
		Note that 'and' and 'or' are not listed as syntactic sugar for operations in 'BOOL'; this allows short-circuiting the evaluation of subexpressions.
		Ambiguity between unary minus and negative literals must be resolved with explicit parenthesis.
		Here's a formula written with syntactic sugar and the calls it is textually equivalent to.
	www.gnu.org /software/sather/docs-1.2/specification/syntacticsugarexpressions.html (157 words)

	Linguistics 247: Seminar in Psycholinguistics: Sentence Processing
		Readings in behavioral investigations of (1) syntactic parsing, (2) semantic understanding, (3) anaphora resolution, including special foci on the role of prosody and on the semantics of space.
		Eye movements and spoken language comprehension: Effects of visual context on syntactic ambiguity resolution.
		Using prosody to avoid ambiguity: Effects of speaker awareness and referential context.
	www.stanford.edu /~jurafsky/ling247.html (458 words)

	Ling 361, Intro to Computational Linguistics: Syntactic Ambiguity lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They cooked the beans in the pot on the stove with handles.
		In sentences other than the simplest, there's likely to be some syntactic ambiguity, which makes parsing difficult.
		Syntactic ambiguity of one type or another is common across languages, but the types may differ.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ard8/Ling361/SAR/sar-1.html (97 words)

	Ambiguity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ambiguity is one reason why computers do not yet understand natural language.
		Basically ambiguity increases the range of possible interpretations of natural language, and a computer has to find a way to deal with this.
		Local ambiguity means that part of a sentence can have more than 1 interpretation, but not the whole sentence.
	www.scism.sbu.ac.uk /inmandw/tutorials/nlp/ambiguity/ambiguity.html (998 words)

	Developing the ability to resolve syntactic ambiguity
		Experiments 1 and 2 employ an elicited production and comprehension task to find that 4-6 year old children fail to use this information source in on-line and off-line comprehension, although they are sensitive to the facts about the pragmatic requirements of restriction for the purpose of speech production.
		Experiments 3, 4, and 5 investigate children's use of discourse and lexical tendencies to resolve interpret ambiguous sentences.
		Together these results support the conclusion that children's comprehension difficulties when presented with syntactic ambiguity are the result of information processing limitations rather than a lack of syntactic or pragmatic competence.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3031673 (231 words)

	Computing Papers on Ambiguity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It clearly demonstrates that the generalization ability of the ensemble is determined by the average generalization ability and the average Ambiguity (divergency) of the individual neural networks that constitute the ensemble.
		Anyway, considering maximum Ambiguity (what is to say that an event could be of any class), what yields to a null labeling error rate, the search space reduction is still very important.
		These candidates are chosen on the basis of a pragmatic analysis of responses elicited by an extensive implicit and explicit con rmation dialogue strategy, combined with speci c error correction capabilities available to the user.
	computing.breinestorm.net /Ambiguity (2711 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The problem of resolving semantic ambiguity is generally known as word sense disambiguation and has proved to be more difficult than syntactic disambiguation.
		The first way is to disambiguate the words by some means, as happens in the case of parallel corpora; the other approach is to add ambiguity to the corpus and have the algorithm attempt to resolve this ambiguity to return to the original corpus.
		If, in addition to the current syntactic tags, we had access to the semantic tags provided by WordNet for this word (natural event or plants) and if we were able to include this label in the online dictionary, this would improve the bilingual dictionary access of Locolex even further.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node39.html (3336 words)

	Ling 361, Intro to Computational Linguistics: Syntactic Ambiguity lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		PP attachment is one of the most pervasive sources of ambiguity in English (and many other languages).
		PP attachment ambiguity leads to many possible parses when more than one PP is present.
		Both symbolic and statistical methods have been fairly successful in resolving PP attachment ambiguity, but sometimes it's not even easy for humans.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ard8/Ling361/SAR/pp-attach.html (95 words)

	Citations: Semantic classes and syntactic ambiguity - Resnik (ResearchIndex)
		Semantic Classes and Syntactic ambiguity", ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, Princeton, March.
		Although they evaluated the obtained abstraction level of the argument noun by its performance in syntactic disambiguation, their works are limited to only one argument.
		Resnik, P., "Semantic Classes and Syntactic Ambiguity", In Proc.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/145740/0 (2275 words)

	Summary notes for chapters one and two in Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent System for Parsing Unrestricted ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rather, the CG formalism is a syntactic approach to parsing, allowing a significant amount of discretion to the grammar constructor, as we shall see later.
		This class of ambiguities is commonly termed "local", whereas ambiguities whose scope is the whole sentence are commonly referred to as "global".
		In this phase, syntactic constraints are used to disambiguate ambiguous syntactic assignments remaining after morphosyntactic mapping.
	www.hum.ou.dk /institut/isk/kasch/PhD-thesis.htm (15474 words)

	Formal and Informal Fallacies
		An argument may be constructed around the ambiguity of the meaning of that word.
		A Semantic Ambiguity can be removed by defining the ambiguous word or by offering a synonym.
		A Syntactic Ambiguity can be removed by reconstructing the sentence.
	www.triviumpursuit.com /articles/formal_informal_fallacies.htm (1335 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)