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Topic: Synthetic statement

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	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Synthetic Vitreous Fibers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Synthetic vitreous fibers are a group of fibrous inorganic materials that contain aluminum or calcium silicates and other trace oxides and metals, and are made from rock, slag, clay, or glass.
		If you swallow synthetic vitreous fibers (by eating, drinking, or by swallowing fibers that have moved from nasal or lung airways to your larynx), nearly all of the fibers pass through your intestines within a few days and are excreted in the feces.
		Because synthetic vitreous fibers are not absorbed into the body (when inhaled or ingested), it is unlikely that they would cause birth defects or be transferred in breast milk to nursing infants.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs161.html (3683 words)

	typesofstatements
		Analytic Statement: a statement the truth value of which is determined by the meanings of its terms;e.g., "All squares are four-sided." It is sometimes said (e.g.
		Tautology (tautologous statement) a statement which is necessarily true on the basis of its logical syntactical structure.
		Synthetic statements are all those statements which are not analytic, or in other words, any statement the truth of which cannot be determined by linguistic meaning alone.
	www.loyno.edu /~folse/typesofstatements.html (1249 words)

	Two Dogmas of Empiricism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		All other statements of the language are, Carnap assumes, built up of their component clauses by means of the familiar logical devices, in such a way that the truth value of any complex statement is fixed for each state-description by specifiable logical laws.
		Statements may be said simply to be cognitively synonymous when their biconditional (the result of joining them by 'if and only if') is analytic.
		Statements of the form 'Quality q is at point-instant x; y; z; t' were, according to his canons, to be apportioned truth values in such a way as to maximize and minimize certain over-all features, and with growth of experience the truth values were to be progressively revised in the same spirit.
	members.tripod.com /Lonego/quine/two_dogmas/quine_2dogmas.htm (8407 words)

	Logic: Rationalism vs. Empiricism
		Unlike the analytic statement "Black cats are fl", the synthetic statement "Desks are brown" is not necessarily true unless all desks are by definition brown, and to deny it would not be self-contradictory.
		Since knowledge depends primarily on synthetic statements -- statements that may be true or may be false -- their nature and status are crucial to theories of knowledge.
		Rationalism may believe these to be synthetic necessary statements, universally treu, and genunie knowledge; i.e., they are not merely empty as the analytic or tautologous statemenst (Black cats are fl) and are not dependent on experience for their truth value.
	www.theology.edu /logic/logic4.htm (461 words)

	PA018
		Analytic truths, we were told, were to be identified as those statements which asserted the single-criterion of a particular word (the subject of the statement); moreover, a criterion had to be taken as a necessary condition for the correct use of the word in question.
		A statement is meaningful if and only if it is either analytic or empirically verifiable; in the latter case the statement's truth of falsity would make a possible difference to experience, whereas in the former case the statement's truth is trivial.
		The preceding proposal for distinguishing analytic truth from synthetic truths will thus depend for its cogency on the verificationist theory of meaning and on reductionism (i.e., the view that any meaningful synthetic statement can be expressed in observation terms or rewritten into an analysis of the experience needed to confirm it empirically).
	www.cmfnow.com /articles/pa018.htm (17205 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Metaphysics and Epistemology :: Help with Kant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The synthetic a priori is a priori and based on space as the pure form of a priorit intuition, not sense experience.
		Additonally a synthetic a priori statement by definition is not a result of pure intuition, because the nature of a synthetic statement is that it is drived from empirical sensory experience.
		The fact is, 2+3=5 is an analytic statement in the same way the statement, "a bachelor is unmarried" is. Arithmetic is a necessary truth regarding the universe and remarkably was obtained and proved through pure reason not observation ands experience.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-4492.html (3928 words)

	20th WCP: Rethinking the Synthetic A Priori de re
		He claims that synthetic statements a priori are false just in case their subjectterms do not refer, i.e.
		Either the synthetic a priori functions as a primitive or it is a consequence of primitives.
		Synthetics a priori have to have explanatorial power in regard of the best empirical theories at a given time.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Meta/MetaBurg.htm (3464 words)

	PHL252 Lecture 3
		A statement is analytically true iff the truth of the statement follows from the meanings of the words in the statement.
		A synthetic statement depends for its truth or falsity on facts other than the meaning of the words used in the statement.
		For example, it is synthetically true that bears hibernate in the winter: we cannot infer this from the meaning of 'bears hibernate in winter'.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~jomillum/252/lecturenotes/lecture3.htm (995 words)

	Is Atheism based on Faith?
		Synthetic statements are those that are not analytic.
		Synthetic statements cannot be answered by reason alone, in addition one needs evidence given by the senses.
		Still, two people looking at a synthetic statement through the 'Eyes of Reason' will most often agree, and when they disagree they will admit that the evidence is not really convincing.
	www.positiveatheism.org /faq/faith.htm (1117 words)

	Kant's Synthetic A Priori Judgments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Synthetic judgments are those which are not analytic, meaning that the terms alone are insufficient to determine the truth of the proposition.
		That mathematics is ultimately synthetic is by no means obvious, but Kant's stance on the matter seems to have been vindicated with time; if my (admittedly naïve) understanding is correct, Gödel's incompleteness theorem has demonstrated that no fully satisfactory purely analytic account of mathematics can ever be forthcoming.
		The net effect of reclassifying analytic and synthetic statements into these (implicit) categories would be for some of the "analytic" statements to be regrouped with the "synthetic" statements.
	www.nutters.org /docs/kant-sap (2789 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		The statement 'all bachelors are male' is analytically true because it is true solely in virtue of its meaning--'bachelor' means 'unmarried adult male'.
		The statement 'some spinsters are married' is analytically false because it is false solely in virtue of its meaning--'spinster' means 'unmarried adult female'.
		The statement 'John is a bachelor' is synthetic because it is not true or false solely in virtue of its meaning.
	www.bloomsburymagazine.com /ARC/detail.asp?entryid=101784&bid=2 (143 words)

	266ch5
		Testable statements: a statement that can be assessed by manipulating an IV and measuring the results on the DV.
		It must be a synthetic statement that is falsifiable and testable.
		In contrast, analytic statements are always true ("I'm in Missouri or not in Missouri") and contradictory statements are always false ("I am a PSYC major and I am not a PSYC major").
	www2.truman.edu /shaffer/266ch5.htm (1321 words)

	Carnap, Rudolf [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		In such languages, he dealt with the problems of the meaning of a statement, the different interpretations of probability, the nature of explanation, and the distinctions between analytic and synthetic, a priori and a posteriori, and necessary and contingent statements.
		His main concerns were (i) to give an account of the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements and (ii) to give a suitable formulation of the verifiability principle; that is, to find a criterion of significance appropriate to scientific language.
		The philosophically most significant consequences of his research arise from his assertion that the probability of a statement, with respect to a given body of evidence, is a logical relation between the statement and the evidence.
	www.iep.utm.edu /c/carnap.htm (5674 words)

	philosophy questions 9
		synthetic' propositions are leaves one is a strong position to evaluate whether particular propositions
		Now we are in a position to appreciate what 'a priori synthetic' claims are.
		synthetically true; it may seem at first that mathematical propositions ought to serve as a prime
	www.philosophos.com /knowledge_base/archives_9/philosophy_questions_991.html (858 words)

	Sermon Dec 12, 2003: 'Help, I'm Being Taken Out of Context!,' by Larry Kirkaptrick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Synthetic statements are constructed in order to concisely communicate the meaning contained in a cluster of statements or larger units.
		Or, the representative statement might be insufficiently clear in relation to the larger statement, or, it might be an unrepresentative sample.
		Synthetic statements face the same potential problems as the merely representative, but with the added factor that they could say more than what the larger unit says.
	www.greatcontroversy.org /reportandreview/kir-hooc.php3 (3693 words)

	Marriott Statement Regarding Synthetic Fuel Venture
		IRS field audit teams have previously raised questions about the synthetic fuel industry, including the issue of chemical change, but those questions were ultimately resolved in the industry's favor.
		We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including the ultimate resolution of the IRS audit described above; any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the statements herein.
		These statements are made as of the date of this press release, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-07-2004/0002206275&EDATE= (480 words)

	Building a home philosophy library
		An analytic statement is true in virtue of the meaning of the terms used; 'a vixen is a female fox' is an analytic statement as the concept 'female fox' is contained in the concept 'vixen'.
		A synthetic statement is true in virtue of its relationship with matters of fact; 'foxes are carnivorous' is a synthetic statement as the concept 'carnivorous' is independent of the concept 'foxes'.
		Reductionism is also ill-founded as 'our statements about the external world face the tribunal of sense experience not individually but only as corporate body.' This joint attack on the 'two dogmas' means there is no privileged class of statements that we can know separate from our total set of beliefs.
	www.philosophers.co.uk /cafe/library6.htm (406 words)

	Searle -- Proper Names
		The sense in which the statement is informative is the sense in which any analytic statement is informative; it illustrates or exemplifies certain contingent facts about words, though it does not of course describe these facts.
		The statement asserts that a sufficient number of the conventional presuppositions, descriptive statements, of referring uses of 'Aristotle' are false.
		Precisely which statements are asserted to be false is not yet clear, for what precise conditions constitute the criteria for applying 'Aristotle' is not yet laid down by the language.
	mind.ucsd.edu /syllabi/00-01/phil_lang/readings/searle-01.html (3049 words)

	Nielsen
		It could be a synthetic statement, one that links two independent concepts.
		In other words, to be able to assent to the (synthetic) claim "God is good" we have to already know the meaning of "good." But if that is true, then God can't be the fundamental, only, or only adequate criterion for something being good.
		P: Establishing the truth of the synthetic statement "God is good" requires an independent criterion of assessment of goodness.
	www.cbu.edu /~pmaloney/Phil340/Nielsen.html (495 words)

	Logical Positivism - Synthetic and Analytic Statements (Mauro Murzi's pages on Philosophy of Science) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Every observational statement which is derivable from TC is also derivable from R and vice versa; thus R expresses exactly the empirical portion of the theory.
		Carnap proposes the statement R → TC as the only rules of correspondence; this became known as the Carnap sentence, and it is the searched sentence A expressing the analytic portion of the theory.
		So, a statement is analytic if it is derivable from the Carnap sentence; otherwise the statement is synthetic.
	murzim.net /LP/LP06.html (397 words)

	Conjectures and Refutations » Blog Archive » Knowledge and Information, Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Many have pointed out as a criticism of Popper that his demarcation line excludes mathematical laws such as the central limit theorem, to which the standard Popperian response is that falsifiability was concerned with “empirical science”; since pure mathematics isn’t empirical, it doesn’t enter into the picture.
		According to the standard story, the first statement would quite easily be classified as “synthetic” — it is true in all logically possible worlds, no matter what definition of “married” or “man” we use.
		Re-evaluation of some statements entails re-evaluation of others, because of their logical interconnections — the logical laws being in turn simply certain further statements of the system, certain further elements of the field.
	conjecturesandrefutations.net /weblog/?p=2 (1290 words)

	Nature's Arsenal - Nature's Sunshine Statement on Synthetic vs. Natural (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ascorbic acid can be made synthetically, but can also be extracted from natural plant sources.
		An example is vitamin E. The "l" in dl-alpha tocopherol indicates that the compound is synthetic.
		Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
	www.naturesarsenal.com /Articles/nspnaturalvssynthetic.aspx (849 words)

	Pragmatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		All cognitively meaningful statements are either analytic or synthetic.
		Metaphysical “statements” cannot be determined to be true
		In order to be synthetic, a statement must be empirically
	www.hu.mtu.edu /~tlockha/h2700pragmatismetc.f01.htm (352 words)

	Synthetic
		The "synthetic" oil business is regarded by many in the oil industry as a "religion" whose followers are holding a belief that "synthetic" is somehow superior, but lack the actual proof.
		A base stock is a mineral hydrocarbon or synthetic lubricant component that is produced by a single manufacturer (independent of crude source or manufacturing location), that meets the same manufacturer’s specification, and that is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both.
		What was "synthetic" in one country on one day was "not synthetic" in another country at the same time.
	www.synlube.com /synthetic.htm (4528 words)

	Synthetic Web Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Synthetic Federal Credit Union, "not for profit, but for service".
		Synthetic Federal Credit Union, a member owned financial institution, is dedicated to providing cost effective quality services, promoting growth and serving as guardian of member funds.
		Send mail to Synthetic FCU with questions or comments about this web site.
	www.syntheticfcu.org /main.html (328 words)

	SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
		This would only be a synthetic statement if every bachelor one observes is happy – does not correlate with the definition and is proven false once one observes a bachelor who is unhappy
		All synthetic knowledge (by observation and NOT definition) is empirical knowledge (based on grounded evidence of the senses)
		Instrumentalist position: Synthetic content (observable) of a theory is exhausted by the set of observable predictions deducible from it.
	www.rpi.edu /~eglash/eglash.dir/SST/boyd.htm (782 words)

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