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	Syria the Syrian Communist Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Syrian Communist Party (SCP), the bitter adversary of the Baath Party in the late 1950s, was in 1987 the second largest legal political party in Syria and an important constituent element of the NPF.
		In the early 1980s, the SCP was temporarily banned by Assad; however, in 1986 it was restored to favor, partially as a concession to the Soviet Union.
		In the mid-1980s, the SCP stressed its political and ideological independence from the Syrian regime and operated to a limited extent as a genuine opposition party.
	www.country-studies.com /syria/the-syrian-communist-party.html (333 words)

	Khaled Bakdash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He became chairman of the Communist Part in 1937 and was elected for the Parliament in 1954, becoming the first communist deputy in the Arab World.
		Communist party members were jailed and Bakdash had to leave Syria.
		In 1972, the Communist Party was split into two wings: one led by Bakdash, and one led by Riad Turk and known as "Communist Party-Political Office".
	www.damascus-online.com /se/bio/bakdash_khaled.htm (189 words)

	World Communist Conference feature
		The conference, held on 22-24 May was organised in to mark the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Communist Manifesto and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Greece on the theme of "The Communist Parties under the current situation".
		The KKE is the third biggest political party in Greece, gaining 5.6 percent of the vote and 11 seats in the September 1996 general election.
		Many communist parties have taken part in forums held in various parts of the world since 1990 including the 1993 Calcutta Conference in West Bengal hosted by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Damascus Conference organised by the Syrian Communist Party in 1994.
	www.newworker.org /athens.htm (2807 words)

	Untitled
		In June 1995, the Communist Party of Greece organized an international theoretical conference in Athens to discuss the causes of the downfall of socialist governments in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the resulting crisis in the international communist movement in general.
		Today communists face two key challenges: to learn and study the nature of the historic setbacks of the late 1980s and early 1990s and to engage in the on-going class struggle which will mean building new alliances against capitalism and projecting the ideas and values of socialism.
		A particularly heavy blow against the unity of the international communist movement was the breach between the CPSU and the Communist Party of China, with repercussions in the international balance of forces and in the unity of action against imperialism.
	www.communist-party.ca /english/spark/html/rankin6.html (10136 words)

	SYRIAN COMMUNIST PARTY (SCP) - Central Committee Meeting Communiqué (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Central Committee of the Syrian Communist Party held an extended meeting on September 11th 2004 under the chairmanship of its General Secretary, Comrade Wisal Farha Bagdash.
		The SCP's Central Committee salutes the Greek Communist Party, which was the driving force behind those honorific demonstrations.
		Syrian Communists are proud that they were the first to warn against the dangers posed by Zionism on the global freedom forces.
	www.mltoday.com /Pages/CPs/SyrianCP-CC.html (2646 words)

	BBC News \| MIDDLE EAST \| Syria gets first non-party newspaper
		A Syrian newspaper not affiliated to the ruling Baath party has gone on sale, in a move that officials have described as a sign of greater political freedom in the country.
		A senior SCP member, Ammar Bakdash, was quoted as saying it would initially appear twice a month, but the aim was for it to become a weekly publication.
		Syrian MP Riad Seif recently published a strong and virtually unprecedented attack on the government, calling for political reform, greater freedom of parliament and an honest judiciary to clean up the economy and attract investors.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/1101299.stm (389 words)

	Speech Delivered at the 7th Congress of Comintern
		Those parties, beside the influence they exercise on the masses, are surrounded by intellectual elements and workers active in the popular fight and exercing strong pressure on their chiefs.
		It ensues (follows) that it is necessary to coordinate the activities of the communist parties of the Arab countries, particularly in the field of the anti-imperialist struggle.
		We communists have great confidence in the revolutionary power of dozens of millions of Arab workers and in the power of the Arab proletariat as the vanguard of these masses, as well as in their hegemony in the fight for national liberation.
	www.marx2mao.com /Other/SCP35.html (4738 words)

	Syria Government Information
		The party also is heavily influenced by the security services and the military, the latter of which consumes a large share of Syria's economic resources.
		Syrian governments have justified martial law by the state of war, which continues to exist with Israel and by continuing threats posed by terrorist groups.
		There were reports in 2005, in the wake of the June Ba’ath Party Congress, that the government was considering legislation to permit the formation of new political parties and the legalization of parties that previously banned.
	www.traveldocs.com /sy/govern.htm (1329 words)

	Syrian Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party was involved in opposition to the Vichy French presence in Syria, and when the Free French took control of the country it was legalised.
		Bakdash sought to present the Syrian Communist Party as an essential part of the national movement, in the context of Syria's struggle against the French mandate.
		In the early 1980s the Syrian government clamped down on political activity, and the Communist Party was subject to severe restrictions despite its participation in the NPF.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party (1235 words)

	"Dissidents in Communist Party Revolt against Damascus" (November 2000)
		The LCP was founded in October 1924 by Farjallah al-Helou (from the town of Hisrayil in the mountains overlooking the city of Byblos) and Ncoula al-Shawi (from the port area in the city of Tripoli) in close coordination with the Syrian Communist Party.
		After the UAR dissolved in 1961, the Syrian Communist Party was led by Khalid Bekdash and eventually joined with several other socialist and Arab nationalist groups in the ceremonial "National Front" established by the late Syrian president Hafez Assad.
		Party sources and press reports revealed that the main leader of the RDF faction is Elias Atallah, who for eighteen years led the "Lebanese National Resistance" against Israel in South Lebanon alongside Hezbollah.
	www.meib.org /articles/0011_l3.htm (946 words)

	bitterlemons-international.org - Middle East Roundtable
		Marx said that "all the authority belongs to the masses," but the deputation put all authority in the hands of the general secretary, and thus the general secretaries of the Arab communist parties gathered all authority in their hands and were dwarf tsars before the great tsar.
		Among the impossible conditions set by that committee were that the party should call itself the Egyptian Communist Party and accept all 21 conditions laid down by the Comintern, and that the party should include in its ranks any communist living in Egypt, which meant opening party doors to a foreign majority.
		At the Sixth Comintern Conference held in 1928, the Egyptian communists revolted against the Stalinist idea that the national bourgeois (in the second-degree colonies like Egypt) had thrown the flag of freedom in the mud, and should therefore be fought by a newly established revolutionary bloc of workers and peasants.
	www.bitterlemons-international.org /inside.php?id=43 (1049 words)

	The Collapsing Syrian Economy - Middle East Quarterly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Syrian economic communism differs from that of the former Soviet countries in only a few aspects, the most important of which is that the Syrian elite has not nationalized and violently collectivized agriculture, thereby avoiding the mass famines of Soviet experience.
		Syrians consume 117 metric tons of newsprint per year per 1000 and 884 metric tons of other printed material, both down by three-quarters compared to Syria in 1980.
		Much delinquent Syrian debt is owed to Germany (the heir to East Germany); that Syria is in default on this debt has precluded any lending to it by the European Investment Bank, which otherwise would be a potentially major source of funds.
	www.meforum.org /article/476 (6545 words)

	Middle East and North Africa 2001
		Syrian intellectuals and activists began to issue statements urging political and social liberalization.
		Several other private and party newspapers were eventually allowed to publish—among them Al-Nour, a paper affiliated with an offshoot of the Syrian Communist Party, and the weekly economics magazine Al-Iqtisadiya.
		In August, Syrian authorities appeared to close this loophole by harassing or arresting a number of Syrian writers and intellectuals who had expressed critical views about Syria in pan-Arab media.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/mideast01/syria.html (1061 words)

	Communist Party of Greece - Information Bulletin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Communist Workers'Party of Russia – Party of Communists of Russia (RKRP-RPC)
		Party of the Communists of Republic of Moldova
		Communist Workers'Party of Russia – Party of Communists of Russia
	inter.kke.gr /Printings/ib2005 (332 words)

	Mideast Dispatch Archive: Syria and the NY Times: Two Languages, Two Versions
		In an article posted December 5, 2003 on Al-Rai, the website of the Syrian Communist party, Syrian journalist Subhi Hadidi [1] criticized the omission of extensive segments in the official Syrian Arabic version of President Bashar Al-Assad's lengthy November 30, 2003 interview with The New York Times.
		Assad: Syrian Opposition Loyal to Syria on the Issue of the U.S. "What the Syrian media omitted from the interview dealt with the domestic situation, and it is divided into two [categories]: embarrassing questions asked by the interviewer, with, it must be admitted, threatening pressure, and the answers to the questions.
		The Syrian opposition inside and outside Syria does not support the Syrian regime, the constitution, or the Syrian government.
	www.tomgrossmedia.com /mideastdispatches/archives/000139.html (1601 words)

	The Head Heeb: Damascus spring, part 2
		In Communist-era Poland, five satellite parties - the United Peasant Party, the Democratic Party and three Catholic associations - were represented in the Sejm but were de facto adjuncts of the Communist Party.
		I can't quite see the minor Syrian parties pulling that off anytime soon - they're too weak, none of them have the natural constituencies that the Polish satellite parties had, and the Ba'ath doesn't appear ready to give up its grip on political life.
		The Egyptian opposition parties, for instance, don't amount to much in parliament, but their newspapers and elected officials are capable of asking embarrassing questions, mobilizing public opinion against the government and occasionally forcing it to back down.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/025500.html (801 words)

	Once Upon a Time in the West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Note that both the continuing Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of Israel, which operates as a nationally self-denying cancer in Israel's body politic, supported this declaration of solidarity with the Palestinians and Lebanese.
		On July 15, 2006 the two parties dispatched delegates to Minsk, the Belarusian capital, to a congress, the main purpose of which was to unite the two organizations within the restored/continuing Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The NPD is a far-right party that harbored West Germany’s neo-Nazis in a fashion similar to that of NDPD in East Germany.
	www.russiastory.com (12187 words)

	Ya Libnan \| Syrian opposition leader Riad Al Turk demands reform \| Live News from Lebanon
		Turk, a native of Homs, was born in 1930.
		After studying law at Damascus University, he joined the Syrian Communist party, headed by Khalid Bakdash, in 1955 and quickly established himself as one of its major ideologues and a writer for its paper, Al-Nur.
		Although Turk was freed when the Nasserite regime was toppled in 1961, the new Syrian regime was suspicious of the Communist party and did not permit it to operate openly.
	yalibnan.com /site/archives/2005/05/syrian_oppositi.php (1524 words)

	Communist Party of Greece - Extraordinary regianal meeting:Press Statement
		The meeting was also attended by the Communist Party of Cuba, AKEL-Cyprus, Unified Communist Party of Georgia, Portuguese Communist Party, Communist Party of Russian Federation, and Communist Party of Turkey while a series of other parties who could not be present expressed their support by sending messages.
		The communists and other anti-imperialist forces stand in firm opposition to this, struggling against imperialist war and exploitation, for the rights of the working people, for peace, democracy and socialism.
		The withdrawal of the Israeli army from all Palestinian, Lebanese and Syrian territories it has occupied since 1967, the complete dismantling of the settlements, the demolition of the Israeli wall as well as the creation of a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, alongside Israel.
	inter.kke.gr /News/2006new/2006-08-extra-press (1428 words)

	Mideastwire.com
		The newspaper wrote: “As Safir learned yesterday that the Syrian people’s council [Syrian parliament] formed a committee of eight members in order to formulate a new law regulating legislative elections in Syria.
		They added that the decision to set up the committee included ‘creating a new modern law that suits the demands of the new period in Syria’ especially as the mandate of the current council ends in March 2007.
		Syrian political party sources told As Safir that the one month deadline was not ‘odd’ especially as the subject ‘had been discussed previously in the central leadership of the progressive national front with the parties in the front submitting their suggestions to the executive authority’.”
	www.mideastwire.com /topstory.php?id=7670 (189 words)

	New Hope of Syrian Minorities: Ripple Effect of Iraqi Politics
		Nimrod Sulayman, a former member of the Syrian Communist Party's central committee, said Hasakah's proximity to Iraq and demographic diversity meant that residents of the province were watching events in Iraq and taking inspiration from the freedoms being introduced there.
		Taher Sfog, the secretary general of Syria's illegal Kurdish Democratic National Party, suggested that in some sense, Iraq and Syria were mirror images of each other, as they shared a roughly similar ethnic composition and a political heritage of Baathism, the secular Arab nationalist policy of Mr.
		Basil Dahdouh, a member of the illegal Syrian Nationalist Social Party who represents Damascus in Syria's Parliament as an independent, said renewed contact with Iraq, as well as the chance to observe the changes taking place there, was leading many Syrians to actively question their own political ideals.
	www.aina.org /news/2004122991632.htm (1022 words)

	BASP
		Yosif Faisal, secretary-general of Syrian Communist Party and Mr.
		He emphasized that democracy is the slogan of the Front and its doors are open to all progressive forces and parties which comply with the convention and follow it.
		It is not a merging relation as each party has its own opinion about any subject and this forms a collection of views which could be agreeing or at odds.
	www.baath-party.org /eng/2005/archives_details.asp?id=12 (378 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Middle East \| Leading Syrian dissident 'pardoned' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An outspoken critic of the Syrian Government who was sentenced to nearly three years in jail has been pardoned, the country's official news agency has reported.
		Syrian President Bashar al-Assad decided to free 72-year-old Riad al-Turk on "humanitarian grounds", Sana said.
		Mr al-Turk, head of the banned Syrian Communist Party's politburo, was one of 10 Syrians detained in August and September last year for speaking out against the government.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/2483593.stm (275 words)

	BASP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		2006 Assistant Secretary General of the Baath Arab Socialist Party Abdullah al-Ahmar held party session with a delegation from the Belarusian Communist Party headed by the party's First Secretary Tatiana Golubeva joint relations between the two parties within the framework of the cooperation.
		The two parties criticized polices followed by the world dominating powers and Zionism through exerting political and economic pressures on countries that do not comply with them.
		He stressed the Syrian national unity under the leadership of President Bashar al-Assad, pointing baath's activities and the role of national progressive front with its parties enhancing this unity.
	www.baath-party.org /eng/news_detail.asp?id=35 (212 words)

	NationMaster - Syrian Government statistics
		Syria is significant in the history of Christianity; Paul was converted on the Road to Damascus and established the first organized Christian Church at Antioch in ancient Syria (now in Turkey), from which he left on many of his missionary journeys.
		Syria's political instability during the years after the 1954 coup, the parallelism of Syrian and Egyptian policies, and the appeal of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's leadership in the wake of the 1956 Suez crisis created support in Syria for union with Egypt.
		Syrian governments have justified the state of emergency by the state of war which continues to exist with Israel and by continuing threats posed by terrorist groups.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/sy-syria/gov-government (431 words)

	Syria. In: Amnesty International Report 2001
		A public statement issued by 99 Syrian intellectuals, mostly resident in Syria, called for the lifting of the state of emergency, which has been in place since 1963, and the release of political prisoners.
		In addition, the Ba'th party leadership approved a resolution allowing junior members of the Progressive National Front, including the two wings of the Syrian Communist Party, to publish their own newspapers.
		The Syrian officer, who according to AI's information was her husband, was also sentenced to death and executed.
	www.web.amnesty.org /web/ar2001.nsf/webmepcountries/SYRIA?OpenDocument (1987 words)

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