System Image - Factbites

System Image - Factbites
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Topic: System Image

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	Numeral system - Open Encyclopedia
		Numeral systems are sometimes called number systems, but that name is misleading: different systems of numbers, such as the system of real numbers, the system of complex numbers, the system of p-adic numbers, etc., are not the topic of this article.
		A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a framework where a set of numbers are represented by numerals in a consistent manner.
		The simplest numeral system is the unary numeral system, in which every natural number is represented by a corresponding number of symbols.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Numeral_system (2007 words)

	Operating system - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch
		An operating system is conceptually broken into three sets of components: a user interface (which may consist of a graphical user interface and/or a command line interpreter or "shell"), low-level system utilities, and a kernel--which is the heart of the operating system.
		The operating system ensures that other applications are able to use memory, input and output devices and have access to the file system.
		Older operating systems which are still used in niche markets include the Windows-like OS/2 from IBM; VMS from Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC); Mac OS, the non-Unix precursor to Apple's Mac OS X; and AmigaOS, the first GUI based operating system with advanced multimedia capabilities available to the general public.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /operating_system.htm (1329 words)

	Single-system image - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Single-system image or SSI is a form of distributed computing in which by using a common interface multiple networks, distributed databases or servers appear to the user as one system.
		These are examples of Single System Image operating systems:
		In other words, the operating system environment is shared by all nodes in the system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single-system_image (80 words)

	Single System Image (SSI)
		single system manager’s console for monitor and control of all system components
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /services/schulung/unterlagen/Meier-Fritsch/sld038.htm (12 words)

	Sprite Network Operating System
		Its single system image - The file system and process migration provide the most obvious evidence of the single system image, since they make storage and processing power sharable among workstations.
		System administration is no harder with fifty machines in the network than it is with ten, and adding a new machine is no more difficult than adding a new user account.
		File system implemented as a collection of domains on different server machines appearing to users as a single hierarchy that is shared by all workstations.
	data.uta.edu /~ramesh/cse5306/Sprite.html (750 words)

	Electric Image Animation System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Electric Image Animation System (EIAS; also known for a time as Universe) is a 3D computer graphics package published by EI Technology Group.
		Because it was capable of film-quality output on commodity hardware, ElectricImage Animation System was popular in the movie and television industries throughout the decade.
		The Electric Image Animation System is not a single program, but rather a suite of several programs designed to work together.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_Image (826 words)

	Compaq.com High Performance Solutions
		When the cluster has a single system image, it is easier to work with the cluster in many ways: easier for users to connect to, easier to manage, easier to change, and easier to develop highly available applications.
		The database is administered as a single database image.
		Compaq's cluster file system supports global device naming and access, and allows the cluster to be managed as a single system.
	www.gartner.com /gc/webletter/compaqnh/issue2/article1.html (2811 words)

	IEEE CS TFCC Single-System Image
		Systems such as digital memory channel and hardware DSM offer single-system image at hardware level and allow the user to view a cluster as a shared-memory system.
		The application level single-system image is the highest and, in a sense, most important because this is what the end-user sees.
		Finally, this kind of image can be supported by applications and subsystems.
	people.ac.upc.edu /toni/CCTaskForce/SSI.html (435 words)

	The Single System Image in SEASnet
		The primary goal of the project is to expand the boundaries of the existing user computing environment to include all of the systems in a network cluster without altering the user's perception that all work is occurring at the local system level.
		The project is to develop a set of utilities that enhance the concept of the network as a single system within the School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) at UCLA.
		The ability to treat the entire cluster of systems as a single set of machines and additionally allocate individual machines within the cluster into intersecting subsets for purposes of login and process execution.
	www.seas.ucla.edu /seasnet/docs/singlesystem.html (572 words)

	Rednova NEWS NASA Installs New Supercomputer
		NASA Ames, a renowned leader in the development of large single-system image machines, has been collaborating with SGI over the past seven years in the development of the world's first 256-, 512- and 1,024- processor global shared-memory systems.
		The latest result is NASA's new 512-processor SSI Altix system based on the Linux® operating system, the first of its kind in the world.
		The SGI Altix 512-processor system is part of an ongoing NASA effort to push the limits of high-performance computing.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=33064 (558 words)

	MAIN.doc
		The benefit of a Cluster Middleware/Single System Image is that the exact location of the execution of a process is entirely concealed from the user, as are the load balancing and process migration strategies employed by the Cluster Management System/ Scheduler.
		In the Nimrod/G computational economy system for grid computing, the scheduling policies are directly linked to the user-based strategies that are to be followed, such as time minimization and cost minimization, within the allocated time and cost.
		Condor Condor is a software system that creates a High-Throughput Computing (HTC) environment.
	www.cs.mu.oz.au /~raj/libra/MAIN.doc (7918 words)

	PhDRP-97.txt
		Single system image is provided by gluing together local operating systems (such as UNIXs, Linux, Microkernels, etc.) running on each workstation/PC on the network.
		I have organized and chaired sessions on single system image at PDPTA'97 conference and also served as an associate editor of the conference proceedings.
		A single-system image can be provided at any one or more of the following levels: * Hardware Level * Operating System Level * Message Passing Interfaces Level * Language/Compiler Level * Tools Level The scope of my research work confirms to building a single system image at operating system level.
	www.buyya.com /ecogrid/PhDRP-97.txt (784 words)

	Cluster Virtual Machine for Java Homepage
		The single system image characteristic of Cluster VM for Java stems from its novel object model that separates the application's view of an object (every object is a unique data structure) from its implementation (objects may have consistent replications on different nodes).
		Cluster VM for Java is a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that provides a Single System Image (SSI) of a traditional JVM, while executing in a distributed fashion on the nodes of a cluster.
		Currently, we have a running prototype, which is a single JVM from the application's point of view, but which distributes objects and executes methods over a cluster using various optimization techniques to enhance scalability.
	www.haifa.il.ibm.com /projects/systems/cjvm (353 words)

	If it's Linux... we know it: Nimbus™
		Nimbus™ can be considered the best-of-class operating system for Linux-based supercomputing, combining the best features of SSI (Single System Image) clustering with commercial refinements which bring polish, support, and ease of installation into a technically superior and feature-rich user environment.
		System resource monitoring is accomplished using a modified Supermon (a lightweight systems monitoring system) as the back-end, coupled with Ganglia in order to provide complete system statistics with a simple graphical interface to minimize impact on system performance.
		Another advantage of this system is that a complete sample can be taken with a single system call, rather than the dozens required to read the same information from the proc filesystem or the sysctl interface.
	www.linuxlabs.com /nimbus.html (771 words)

	Single System Image: Need, Approaches and Supporting HPC Systems - Buyya (ResearchIndex)
		Single-system image greatly enhances the program's portability and at the same time increases the availability of a wide range of software (tools or applications).
		For this to be practicable, it is important that systems provide a single system image at any one (or more) of the following levels: Hardware, Operating System, Message Passing Interfaces, Language/Compiler, or Tools.
		Rajkumar Buyya, `Single System Image: Need, Approaches, and Supporting HPC systems', Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing, Technique and Applications (PDPTA'97), CSREA Publishers, 1997.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /buyya97single.html (476 words)

	SGI - Newsroom: U.S. Army Supercomputer Center First Defense Department Site to Install 512-Processor SGI Origin 3000 Series Server
		This single-system image consists of 512 processors attached to shared memory and an input/output subsystem, all of which are connected by the robust IRIX® operating system from SGI.
		Now that the machine is configured as a 512-processor single system image, ARSC will be the first to scale some of its applications beyond the previous 256-processor barrier.
		ERDC MSRC's SGI Origin 3800 machine, the largest shared-memory system in the SGI® Origin® 3000 server series, is the first single-system image of its kind in the Department of Defense (DoD) High-Performance Computing Modernization Program.
	www.buysgi.com /company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2001/april/army.html (794 words)

	Naval Research Laboratory runs single system image
		According to SGI/Cray research the 128-processor Cray Origin200 system recently installed at the Naval Research Laboratory is successfully running a wide range of technical applications in a single-system image environment.
		The Origin system is located at the Laboratory's Center for Computational Science and provides the Defence research community with early access to scalable architectures.
		This is the first such system to be installed at the U.S. Department of Defense and is supported by the High-Performance Computing Modernization Program.
	www.hoise.com /articles/SW-PR-05-98-16.html (145 words)

	Basics2
		A single system image (SSI) cluster is a collection of computers that appears to be a single system.
		ppears to be a single system" does not just apply to the view of the user, but also to processes and filesystems.
		The openMosix File System (oMFS) allows access to files on another node, similar to NFS, but also includes cache, timestamp and link consistency.
	cctr.umkc.edu /site/linux/Basics2.html (204 words)

	Linux-Bangalore/2003:Talk Details
		Usually, when one talks about Single System Image (SSI), he/she talks about layers and levels of SSI, depending on how many subsystems and resources cooperate to create the illusion of a single system, comprising perhaps hundreds or thousands of nodes, that provide the look and feel of a single workstation (albeit on steroids).
		In an attempt to achieve true SSI that cooperates at many different levels, the OpenSSI team has analyzed and dissected clusters into their component parts to provide a set of SSI building blocks at the system call level from which any type of cluster can be implemented.
		Since then he has been working on various system technologies.
	linux-bangalore.org /2003/schedules/talkdetails.php?talkcode=B303 (378 words)

	Access Headlines:: CRAY Origin2000
		The recent scalability breakthrough at the customer site was achieved by enabling a 128-processor CRAY Origin2000 supercomputer to operate as a single system on applications run at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
		A Beta program for the 128-processor CRAY Origin2000 SSI systems is scheduled for the first half of next year, with general availability to follow.
		An array of four 32-processor systems and four 64-processor systems with a HIPPI interconnection.
	access.ncsa.uiuc.edu /Releases/97Releases/971113.CrayO2K.html (835 words)

	Future operating system direction for Cray customers
		The division of the system into cells also introduces an extra level of complexity, since the activities of the cells must be coordinated to provide a single-system image.
		For example, the code for networks, ttys, pipes, and System V message queues could run on the golden cell, while the rest of the cells only run simple "clients." Recovery is simpler, as most subsystems need only to be able to recover from losing a client, but not a server.
		The existence of a golden cell permits the "basic distribution" of components, where the bulk of the system runs on the golden cell, and requests are "function shipped" from all other cells to the golden cell.
	www.scd.ucar.edu /dig/cuglog/summer97/text/4.os.html (3572 words)

	Single System Image Clusters Architecture
		In this talk, we focus on techniques for achieving a single system image by software means-cluster underware (i.e, at OS kernel level), cluster middleware (i.e., a layer between applications and operation systems), and application level.
		This properly of cluster is popularly called as "single system image", SSI in short.
		A single system image properly of clusters can be created either by software or/and hardware.
	www.buyya.com /papers/ssiArch.html (226 words)

	USENIX - USENIX'97 Conference Summaries
		Having a single "system image" format dramatically decreases the time it takes to port various applications in that they do not need to concentrate on the clustering in order to have it take advantage of the parallelism possibilities.
		Multiple parts of the Solaris operating system had to be changed to provide this single image, including process creation (where does it now live); process, group, and session IDs for parts on each machine; signal handling across the platforms; and support for a global /proc filesystem.
		The main design goal was to have a single OS image, not a number of nodes each running its own OS.
	www.usenix.org /publications/library/proceedings/ana97/summaries/shirriff.html (561 words)

	SSI-OSCAR
		Kerrighed is a Single System Image operating system for clusters.
		The aim of the SSI-OSCAR package is to provide both an easy way to use clusters with a Single System Image (SSI) and an easy way to administrate clusters, using a distribution for high performance computing on clusters OSCAR.
		Kerrighed is implemented as an extension to Linux operating system (a set of Linux modules and a small patch to the kernel).
	ssi-oscar.irisa.fr (381 words)

	FORTH - ICS:
		Jupiter/svm: a jvm-based single system image for clusters of workstations.
		Markatos: On using Reliable Network RAM for Database Systems poster paper at the 16th Symposium on Operating System Principles (SOSP), Oct 1997.
		Blunno, J. Cortadella, A. Kondratyev, L. Lavagno, K. Lwin and C. Sotiriou, "Handshake Protocols for De-synchronisation", in Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (ASYNC), Crete, Greece, April 2004.
	www.ics.forth.gr /carv/publications.html (4993 words)

	Recommended PSE System Characteristics
		System Data - The consistency of the following files is critical to produce the single system image:
		File systems that are used by the system, a PSE user, or an application executing in the PSE environment must be accessible to all PSE cluster members.
		Consistent time - Cluster system time should be synchronized to ensure coordinated execution of distributed processes.
	www.mun.ca /hpc/hpf_pse/manual/hpf0075.htm (214 words)

	HP Alpha Systems - AlphaServer SC series: terascale single-system-image supercomputers
		AlphaServer SC systems are the solution of choice for maximum sustained processor performance, scalability, interprocessor communication, single-system-image ease of use, and high-bandwidth, global I/O. To find out more, e-mail us at high.performance@hp.com.
		This system, with 6 TFLOPS of peak performance across 3040 Alpha EV68 processors, has 8.9 times the peak performance of the original AlphaServer SC40 systems (now retired).
		In fact, management of Tru64 UNIX systems is so simple that it will significantly reduce the amount of time and effort needed to manage your systems or train your system administrators.
	h18000.www1.hp.com /alphaserver/sc/sys_sc_background.html (1327 words)

	SGI - Features: Charting the Oceanic Future at NASA
		Just weeks after attaining record levels of sustained performance and scalability on a 256-processor global shared-memory SGI® Altix® 3000 system, the team at NASA Ames doubled the size of its Altix® system-achieving 512 processors in a single image, by far the largest supercomputer ever to run on the Linux® operating system.
		Researchers now are aiming for a near-linear advance in performance on the larger single system image.
		The group's current focus is to apply its 512-processor Altix system toward scaling the performance of ECCO (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean).
	www.sgi.com /features/2003/nov/nasa (549 words)

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