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	Systematic bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Systematic bias is a bias resulting from the system, leading on average to systematic errors, in contrast to random errors, which on average cancel each other out.
		An example of systematic bias would be a thermometer that always reads three degrees colder than the actual temperature because of an incorrect initial calibration or labelling, whereas one that gave random values within five degrees either side of the actual temperature would be considered a random error.
		The existence and causes of systematic bias may be difficult to detect without an independent source of information; the phenomenon of scattered readings resulting from random error calls more attention to itself from repeated estimates of the same quantity than the mutually consistent incorrect results of a biased system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Systematic_bias (312 words)

	Wikinfo \| Bias
		A bias is a prejudice in a general or specific sense, usually in the sense for having a predilection to one particular view or ideology.
		For example, a bias voltage is applied to a transistor in an electronic amplifier to allow the transistor to operate in a particular region of its transconductance curve.
		Bias is used in direct broadcast satellites such as DirecTV and Dish Network, the IRD box actually powers the feedhorn or LNB receiver mounted on the dish arm.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Bias (735 words)

	Systematic error - overcoming analysis and measurement bias: Stereology scientific concepts from the SRC
		Bias is an important issue in science because it can lead to misleading results and conclusions.
		Bias causes the central tendency (e.g., mean) of an estimate to deviate from the true value.
		Bias from assumptions, models, and correction factors is well known in the field of stereology; nevertheless, every day biological data based on these false and model-based assumptions are submitted to major peer review journals for publication.
	www.disector.com /information-research-about/systematic-error-bias.htm (804 words)

	Bias & Confounding [M.Tevfik DORAK]
		Bias, confounding and random variation/chance are the non-causal reasons for an association between an exposure and outcome.
		Misclassification bias: This is systematic distortion of estimates resulting from inaccuracy in measurement of classification of study variables.
		Sampling bias: Unless the sampling method ensures that all members of the 'universe' or reference population have the same probability of inclusion in the sample, bias is possible.
	dorakmt.tripod.com /epi/bc.html (2987 words)

	PlanetMath: bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The difference between the bias and the noise is that one can be reduced while the other can not.
		There is another, larger class of estimators that are biased with smaller samples, but the bias gets smaller and tends to 0 as the sample size gets larger.
		This is version 5 of bias, born on 2005-02-04, modified 2006-09-26.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/Bias.html (543 words)

	Bias (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Bias is a prejudice in a general or specific sense, usually in the sense for having a predilection to one particular point of view or ideology.
		A Bias could, for example, lead one to accept or not-accept the truth of a claim, not because of the strength of the claim itself, but because it does or does not correspond to one's own preconceived ideas.
		Bias is often used to describe how a search algorithm is restricted or expects the world to behave.
	bias.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (605 words)

	Mkt Research Ch. 7 - 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Systematic Error [BIAS] - Error that is built into the research results from the research design or in the execution of the sample process (e.g., in choosing or using the sample).
		The presence of systematic error causes the results of a sample to consistently vary in one direction - either higher or lower than the true value of the population parameter (variable) being estimated from the sample.
		For example, using a telephone directory as a sample frame creates a bias in the responses because unlisted and no-phone people are, in fact, systematically different than people who have phones and list their numbers, and this systematically biases the sample data.
	www.fgcu.edu /cob/mkt/langford/mrnote2.htm (6590 words)

	DOCUMENTATION OF A SYSTEMATIC BIAS IN
		Until this bias in the AVN is successfully removed, the tropical cyclone forecaster for the Atlantic basin should be aware of this systematic error and make subjective changes in his/her forecasts.
		This bias is most apparent near and south of the climatological position of the TUTT axis during August and September - the height of the Atlantic hurricane season.
		Until this bias in the AVN is successfully reduced, it is desirable that the Atlantic basin TC forecaster be aware of this systematic error and make subjective changes in his/her forecasts.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/Landsea/bias (5680 words)

	Process Engineering \| Are you certain about uncertainties? \| Chemical Processing
		Gooddata, therefore, recommends that we largely abandon the term “bias.” Instead, we will use the terms “systematic error” and “systematic uncertainty.” Systematic error is the actual error that exists between a measurement and the true value with zero random errors.
		Systematic uncertainty is taken to mean the estimate of the systematic error’s limits that we could expect with some confidence.
		They say “bias” to mean the actual difference between their measurement and the true value of the test.
	www.chemicalprocessing.com /articles/2006/023.html (1459 words)

	Bias in Bland-Altman but not Regression Validity Analyses
		The important point is that anyone checking this instrument would conclude that it had not been calibrated correctly or that the subjects in the validity study must somehow be different from those the manufacturer used to calibrate the instrument.
		In this article the focus has been on bias in a Bland-Altman plot of readings from an instrument when it is checked against the criterion that was used to calibrate it.
		Bias in Bland-Altman plots is not restricted to calibrated instruments: it can arise as an artifact of random error between measures that have not been calibrated.
	sportsci.org /jour/04/wghbias.htm (2917 words)

	Bias [Oct 2000; 80-2]
		For the avoidance of doubt, the clinical bottom line is that wherever bias is found it results in a large over-estimation of the effect of treatments.
		Because of the large bias expected from studies which are not randomised or not blind, a scoring system [1] that is highly dependent on randomisation and blinding will also correlate with bias.
		That bias is present, and exists in so many different forms is why we have to be vigilant when reading about a clinical trial, and especially when taking the results of a single trial into clinical practice.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band80/b80-2.html (2665 words)

	Studying systematic reviews - Commentary Journal of Family Practice - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Systematic reviews are designed to minimize the biases of the reviewer, which are all too easily introduced unless the data coming from the literature are treated with the same objectivity and respect as the data in a primary trial.
		The answer is that it might introduce bias if the omission is because of the study's results and not mere chance.
		The next stage in a systematic review is the extraction of data from the studies to compare them with each other.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_11_50/ai_80531397 (845 words)

	[No title]
		Previous Studies of Media Bias One of the most curious and surprising statistics in all of American politics is that an overwhelming number of journalists are liberal.
		The idea is that if there were a systematic bias, then an entrepreneur could form a new media outlet that does not have a bias.
		It is an exercise of, in disinformation, of alarming proportions.
	mason.gmu.edu /~atabarro/MediaBias.doc (7392 words)

	Adjustment of global gridded precipitation for systematic bias
		Systematic biases in gauge-based measurement of precipitation can be substantial.
		Of the sources of bias, wind-induced undercatch of solid precipitation is by far the largest.
		Compared to a previous global precipitation bias adjustment effort, our adjusted data set results on average in slightly greater warm season and lower cold season precipitation increases, greater precipitation increases over North America, and lower precipitation increases over Eurasia.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JD002499.shtml (339 words)

	ED328610 1990-12-00 Gender Bias and Fairness. ERIC Digest.
		Known as systematic error, it is the result of characteristics of the examinees that are stable (such as gender or race) and that are characteristics other than those the test is intended to measure.
		DETECTING GENDER BIAS IN Test publishers go to great lengths to make sure that the questions contained in their tests are not biased and that the recommended uses of the tests are not likely to be unfair to members of one gender.
		Standards for achievement on such a test may be unfair to individuals of the gender that is less familiar with or more offended by the objects and ideas discussed, because it may be more difficult for such individuals to demonstrate their abilities or their knowledge of the material.
	www.thememoryhole.org /edu/eric/ed328610.html (1419 words)

	Assessment of current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for total cholesterol, triglyceride, ...
		of the systematic bias of the laboratory or increased random analytic
		The true average patient TC is assumed to be 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL); the CVb is 6.1%; the inherent total CVa is 3%; and the inherent bias is 3%.
		The true average patient LDLC is assumed to be 3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL); the CVb is 9.5%; the inherent total CVa is 4%; and the inherent bias is 4%.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/44/8/1650 (5349 words)

	Bias and "House Effects" in Presidential Polls
		This type of lean by different polling houses is often referred to as a "house effect." I look at two different kinds of polls and find that some polls do show systematic bias, and make an estimate of its size and direction.
		Note that the spread of bias on the job approval question appears to be quite a bit larger than the spread across the election--much larger than the nominal MoE (margin of error) reported by each pollster.
		You may wish to keep this in mind if you follow state-by-state projections of electoral votes based on these or other polls (such as here or here): simple summaries of recent polls, without taking into account underlying bias patterns, may be a less reliable indicator of the voters' intent than you think.
	anonymous.coward.free.fr /polls/pollbias.html (755 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| OpWise: Operons aid the identification of differentially expressed genes in bacterial ...
		By definition, these systematic errors will not be eliminated by increasing the number of replicate measurements, but their size can be estimated from the variation between genes in the same operon.
		Furthermore, the bias was statistically highly significant in all four data sets, as determined by a maximum likelihood ratio test (see Table 1).
		Indeed the data set without large amounts of bias (ecox) was collected using Affymetrix gene chips that use 15 probe sets per gene, and was normalized with a method that attempts to identify "bad" probes and remove them from the data [21].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/7/19 (7274 words)

	‘Systematic bias’ found in drug company-sponsored research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This suggests that there is some kind of systematic bias to the outcome of published research funded by the pharmaceutical industry.
		Another article in the same issue of BMJ came to a similar conclusion, saying that drug treatment is likely to be founded on biased evidence because drug companies tend to publish studies with more favorable results.
		The tendency to report the more favorable results only, in studies actually published, was a major cause for bias.
	www.wcanews.com /archives/2003/jun2503d.htm (372 words)

	A systematic approach to infer biological relevance and biases of gene network structures -- Antonov et al. 34 (1): e6 ...
		A systematic approach to infer biological relevance and biases of gene network structures -- Antonov et al.
		The edge weight is increasing along horizontal axis and the probability (density) to generate such weight for relevant (left curve on each plot)/irrelevant (right curve on each plot) association in the synthetic network is shown.
		The bias score is a proportion of genes in the network with significantly (P < 0.01) biased associations.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/34/1/e6 (4616 words)

	Bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For other senses of this word, see bias (disambiguation).
		This is particularly common in discussion of news media outlets such as CNN, Fox News Channel, The New York Times, Al Jazeera, and so on.
		This page was last modified 19:08, 5 December 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bias (459 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The report, ordered by the BBC to examine claims of bias, was prepared by five independent figures.
		Overall, the report said, there was stronger evidence of pro-Israel bias compared to pro-Palestinian bias.
		However, the report said there was no evidence of systematic bias in covering the Mideast conflict, but urged the British corporation to call terrorism by name when appropriate.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3246460,00.html (407 words)

	What Liberal Media? --Eric Alterman
		Most of the criticism (and anger) has so far emanated from the political Right, which has offered us the rather unconvincing argument that a systematic Left bias is destroying the quality of news and debate in our country today.
		confronts the question of liberal bias and, in so doing, provides a sharp and utterly convincing assessment of the realities of political bias in the news.
		The fact that conservatives howl so much louder and more effectively than liberals is one significant reason that big media is always on its guard for “liberal” bias but gives conservative bias a free pass.
	www.whatliberalmedia.com (284 words)

	India's Muslims face 'systematic' bias \| Praful Bidwai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The media has begun running stories based on official data gathered by the government committee which show clearly that Muslims, India's largest religious minority, face systematic exclusion and serious discrimination at multiple levels.
		Over the past fortnight, various Indian newspapers and television channels have run reports quoting statistics being collated by the Prime Minister's High-Level Committee on the Social, Economic and Educational Status of Muslims, chaired by a former High Court judge, Rajinder Sachar.
		"The plain, bitter truth is that Muslims have long been the target of systematic exclusion and discrimination," says Bhargava.
	www.tni.org /archives/bidwai/muslims.htm (1172 words)

	General Deming Regression for Estimating Systematic Bias and Its Confidence Interval in Method-Comparison Studies -- ...
		bias were reliable when the correlation coefficient was >0.975.
		The reliability of the estimated bias and its CI depend on the appropriateness
		OLR led to statistically biased estimates of systematic bias and
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/46/1/100 (2275 words)

	Stata Bookstore: Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context, 2nd Edition
		This text is a collection of articles that serve to educate the reader on all the relevant terminology and to bring the reader up to speed on the continuously growing methodology in meta-analysis.
		By using methods of meta-analysis, researchers may decrease bias and increase the precision of their treatment effects, thus reducing the probability of type I and type II errors and, in the process, making more timely the acceptance of new treatments.
		The text begins with some history behind the rise in popularity of meta-analysis and a glossary of the relevant terminology, and then it proceeds with several chapters of contributed articles concerned primarily with detecting and eliminating bias in systematic reviews.
	www.stata.com /bookstore/sysrev.html (495 words)

	Prof
		But - contrary to many economists - merely defining systematic errors as "irrational" is hardly evidence that they don't exist on a wide scale.
		Big problem here: Some systematic errors are less costly than others, and some can hardly be called costly at all.
		If enough voters rely on systematically biased beliefs to decide how to vote, disastrous policies may be adopted.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/e410/pc12.htm (1375 words)

	A robust neural networks approach for spatial and intensity-dependent normalization of cDNA microarray data -- Tarca ...
		Systematic bias that is introduced during a microarray
		systematic error in a spatially dependent fashion (Smyth and Speed, 2003).
		Ten of the 16 slides were corrupted with various types of spatial bias.
	bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/11/2674 (5863 words)

	Vincent Larson: boundary layer and cloud parameterization, and altocumulus simulation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A systematic bias is a particular kind of error, namely one that always has the same sign.
		A systematic bias is more harmful than a series of ordinary errors, because a systematic bias can never partially self-cancel when averaged over space or time.
		If a numerical model ignores variability on scales smaller than the grid box size, then a systematic bias can sometimes occur.
	www.uwm.edu /~vlarson/papers.htm (1640 words)

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