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Topic: Systems ecology

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	Ecology
		Ecology, or ecological science, is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how these properties are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment.
		Ecology can also be sub-divided according to the species of interest into fields such as animal ecology, plant ecology, insect ecology, and so on.
		Ecology is generally spoken of as a new science, having only become prominent in the second half of the 20th Century.
	www.crystalinks.com /ecologydefinition.html (2528 words)

	Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ecology is the branch of science that studies habitats and the interactions between living things and the environment.
		Human ecology is the branch of ecology which studies humankind, the organized activity of this species, and its environment.
		Global ecology, which studies ecology on the scale of the ecosphere or biosphere (the totality of the space occupied by alive beings).
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/ec/ecology.html (4279 words)

	Systems ecology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Systems ecology is a transdiscipline which studies ecological systems, or ecosystems.
		As an environmental science, systems ecology has also been associated with the notion of field physiology which applies the concept of metabolism as understood in physiology and bioenergetics to 'the field', like a 'field' of wheat for example.
		As a mode of scientific enquiry a central feature of Systems Ecology is the general application of the principles of energetics to all systems at any scale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Systems_ecology (380 words)

	System
		System (from the Latin (systēma), and this from the Greek σύστημα (sustēma)) is an assemblage of element comprising a whole with each element related to other elements.
		In the human body, such systems are referred to as the nervous system, the circulatory system, the digestive system, the reproductive system, and the respiratory system.
		System can also be used referring to a framework, be it software or hardware, designed to allow software to run, see platform.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Systems (1106 words)

	Odum: Energy, Ecology, & Economics, 1974
		Our system of man and nature will soon be shifting from rapid growth as the criterion of economic survival to steady-state non-growth as the criterion of maximizing one's work for economic survival (Figure 1).
		Systems in nature are known that shift from fast growth to steady state gradually with programmatic substitution, but other instances are known in which, the shift is marked by total crash and destruction of the growth system before the emergence of the succeeding steady-state regime.
		The system has an X if the action of one flow so facilitates the flow of the other and vice versa so that the process is a multiplier action.
	www.mnforsustain.org /energy_ecology_economics_odum_ht_1973.htm (5359 words)

	Jobs in Ecology : Earthworks : Assistant Professor in Earth Systems Ecology - The Pennsylvania State University
		We are interested in candidates whose research seeks to elucidate the interactions among organisms, ecosystems and earth processes and who will strengthen ties between the life and earth sciences and catalyze interdisciplinary research at Penn State.
		This could include study of interactions between ecosystems and climate, humans and the environment, land cover and biogeochemical cycling, landscape ecology, paleoecology, and regional or global ecology.
		The primary appointment of the Earth Systems Ecologist will be in one of the Departments of Geography, Meteorology, or Geosciences in the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.
	www.earthworks-jobs.com /ecology/psu6121.html (279 words)

	AT&T: The External EH&S Site: The Prickly Underbelly of Industrial Ecology by Dr Brad Allenby
		The term "industrial ecology" has long been recognized as an evocative analogy, suggesting the benefits of designing industrial systems to more closely resemble "natural" biological systems in their cycling of materials, energy, and waste.
		Thus, while industrial ecology is a powerful way to suggest new patterns of operations, it can be counterproductive when it leads to superficial commentary that fails to appreciate the profound differences between the two types of systems.
		In short, it is not so much a world of "natural capitalism" as of "industrial natural systems." It follows that the study of population biology, systems ecology, industrial ecology, and the like should begin with a foundation of sociology, philosophy, and history.
	www.att.com /ehs/ind_ecology/articles/prickly.html (698 words)

	Industrial Ecology
		Industrial Ecology is a term that emerged in the late 1980s to describe the integration of sustainability in industrial processes.
		Since it was first introduced, industrial ecology has tried to integrate a number of lines of thought from diverse areas such as design for the environment, input-output modeling, industrial metabolism, and studies of the interface between human and natural systems.
		Industrial ecology takes its lead from the natural world, where there is a wide range of living systems that are in various stages of development in terms of their efficiencies.
	civil.colorado.edu /ese/industrial_ecology.htm (422 words)

	Deep Ecology
		Ecology is the study of the interdependence of the animals, plants, weather and geology of the Earth--how they all affect each other and form integrated systems.
		Ecology is a science that combines biology, botany, meteorology, geology and other disciplines to develop a complete and interrelated understanding of the Earth.
		With shallow ecology, people start from an assumption, often unexamined, that human beings are the central species in the Earth's ecosystem, and that other beings and parts of systems are of less importance or value.
	www.greatriv.org /de.htm (874 words)

	Ecology and Economics Interview with Stephen Polasky
		Ecology is the study of natural systems, and economics is the study of a human system or human market systems.
		In ecology we talk about interactions between various species, predators and prey, and how they lead to the diversity of the system and to differences in system stability and productivity.
		I prefer to get away from the use of "natural system" because who knows what that means, but clearly an ecological biological system is contributing value to our lives, such as the fish we eat or the filtration of water.
	www.actionbioscience.org /environment/polasky.html (2171 words)

	Ecosystem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ecosystem, a contraction of "ecological" and "system", refers to the collection of components and processes that comprise, and governs the behavior of some defined subset of the biosphere.
		To many people, ecosystems (like any other type of system), are governed by the rules of systems science and cybernetics, as applied specifically to collections of organisms and relevant abiotic components.
		In general terms an ecological system can be thought of as an assemblage of organisms (plant, animal and other living organisms—also referred to as a biotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a loose unit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecosystem (946 words)

	Chesapeake Biological Laboratory - Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		ystems ecology is concerned with the performance of an ecosystem as an integrated whole — how it coheres as a unit and how it changes or responds to stress and natural perturbations.
		The scientists discovered that the system is nitrogen (N) limited at the mangrove fringe and phosphorus (P) limited in the interior, and both N and P limited in a transition zone.
		Their approach recognizes that system modules, such as marshes, tidal rivers, open bays, and fjords, may be affected differently by key functions that influence system processes, and, subsequently, benthic responses and functions.
	www.cbl.umces.edu /Research/ecologists/system.htm (1345 words)

	Ecology and Society: Traditional Knowledge in Social–Ecological Systems
		Ecosystems are complex adaptive systems, and their governance requires flexibility and a capacity to respond to environmental feedback (Levin 1998, Berkes et al.
		There are those who attempt to import such knowledge into the realm of scientific knowledge (Mackinson and Nottestad 1998); others argue that these knowledge systems are culturally evolved and exist as knowledge–practice–beliefs complexes that are not easily separated from their institutional and cultural contexts (Berkes 1999).
		I am very pleased to be able to publish such a rich set of contributions in Ecology and Society, contributions that offer direction, potential, and hope for improved stewardship of the ecological resource base that provides the foundation for societal development, and that is shaped by cultural perceptions.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol9/iss3/art7/main.html (1856 words)

	Industrial Ecology as Systems Thinking and Practice
		The properties of a system emerge from the interaction of its elements and are distinct from their properties as separate pieces.
		The behavior of the system results from the interaction of the elements and between the system and its environment.
		Systems science ranges from highly theoretical work defining research methods to applied work in virtually all areas of life (often called "systems practice").
	www.indigodev.com /Systems.html (826 words)

	systems ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Systems ecology is a scientific field that focuses on the ecosystem structure and the processes that maintain or change this structure.
		The notion that different processes act on different spatial, temporal and ecological scales is fundamental in systems ecology.
		At our department the research within the field of systems ecology is to a large extent focused on environmental problems, caused by human activities that redirect the flows of energy and material within the ecosystems.
	data.ecology.su.se /Models/sys2.htm (163 words)

	The Edible Schoolyard \| Classroom
		Middle School practice the Principles of Ecology by participating in a community that recognizes the interconnectedness of all living systems.
		The cycles in an ecosystem intersect with larger cycles in the bioregion and in the planetary biosphere.
		All organisms are open systems, which means that they need to feed on a continual flow of energy and resources to stay alive.
	www.edibleschoolyard.org /cla_eco.html (1037 words)

	Institute of Ecology - MS CESD
		These decisions must be made within a holistic framework, where considerations of the physical and biological properties of a systems are evaluated within the social and economic context of a community.
		The Institute of Ecology has members from 17 campus schools and departments, 4 institutes, Cooperative Extensions, Savannah River Ecology Lab, USDA and Environmental Protection Agency.
		Facilities of the Institute of Ecology in Athens, and at off-campus facilities such as the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, the University of Georgia Marine Institute and other sites in the state (mountains, coastal plains, wetlands, lakes and rivers, coast and sea), provide students unusual opportunities for ecological training.
	www.ecology.uga.edu /programs/msconserv.htm (960 words)

	Systems Ecology - Great Lakes Forestry Centre
		This study develops and applies strategies of systems analysis (including experimental design, statistical analysis, computer simulation, and mathematical modelling) in research contributing to better management of forest resources.
		Current research is largely focussed on landscape-scale investigations of the dynamics of forest insect disturbance regimes, their interaction with wildfire, and their response to climate change.
		Additional applications of system analysis strategies are considered as specific issues arise.
	www.glfc.forestry.ca /science/research/biosys_e.html (82 words)

	Ecosystemic Life Hypothesis
		The composer-decomposer system is the common ancestor of both metabolic and genetic processes, both of which are processes of molecular string composition and decomposition.
		From the conceptual framework of ecosystemic life, such systems lose the capacity for open-ended evolution and system trajectories are therefore predicted to move toward an evolutionary dead-end.
		On the contrary, reformed systems ecologists tend to view organisms as very tightly integrated ecological systems." If this systems ecological approach turns out to be better than an organism-centric approach to understanding life, it could have great implications for how we conduct ecological and life science.
	www.calresco.org /fiscus/esl.htm (5458 words)

	Welcome to Systems Ecology Lab
		Our principal interest, approach and tool is Systems Ecology which we view as the application of integrative tools of science, including especially empirical data analysis and empirically-based simulation modeling, to the understanding and management of complex systems of nature and of people and nature.
		In other words there is a general failure to consider real economic systems as biophysical systems, even as ecosystems, which require energy and materials (all derived from nature) for their operation.
		In my mind it is all systems ecology, and in all cases we are asking questions about energy.
	www.esf.edu /EFB/hall/se/aboutus.htm (412 words)

	Dept. System Ecology
		We study both basic and applied ecological problems, with an emphasis on coastal and marine ecosystems and coupled social-ecological systems.
		We view humanity as an integral part of ecosystems, and apply a systems perspective in our analyses of how ecosystems are used and abused by humans and on the interplay between societal development and the life-supporting environment.
		Ecosystems toxicology and aquatic ecology in temperate and tropical areas
	www.ecology.su.se (371 words)

	Terrestrial Ecology Observing Systems
		These systems are being used for multi-scale studies from root and fungal respiration, plant ecophysiology and growth responses to microclimate, tree canopy monitoring, and avian research.
		The system would differentiate individuals as well as localize in 3-space the calls of animals using a combination of acoustic processing and video surveillance.
		Tropical Agricultural test bed: An ethnobotanical study underway in French Polynesia is using micro-climate and soil sensor arrays to evaluate the influence of weather conditions and the synodical lunar rhythm on the success of local sweet potato crops (Ipomea batatas) as predicted by traditional Tahitian agricultural and ecological knowledge.
	research.cens.ucla.edu /portal/page?_pageid=56,49671,56_49673&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (1372 words)

	Introduction to Industrial Ecology
		Industrial ecology is an interdisciplinary framework for designing and operating industrial systems as living systems interdependent with natural systems.
		We are in an era of exponential change in world systems; availability of resources for development, destruction of natural capital, release of an increasing variety of toxic materials, climate change, and the impacts of all of these forces on human and natural systems.
		Industrial ecology may be able to help us perceive the whole system required to feed the planet, preserve and restore its farm lands, preserve ecosystems and biodiversity, and still provide water and land for a growing population.
	www.indigodev.com /IE.html (819 words)

	Terrestrial Ecology & Soil Zoology - University of Vienna
		Terrestrial Ecology and Soil Zoology - University of Vienna
		Ecological and ecophysiological research concentrates on systems ecology of insects (dry grass systems in Austria and the Mediterranean region) as well as desert ecology (North Africa, Middle East).
		The main research topic in soil zoology deals with the ecological importance of subterrestrial evertebrate fauna in dry soil systems and their biomass, respectively energy turnover as well as with investigations on animal communities in disturbed and undisturbed soils.
	www.univie.ac.at /terroek (143 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He was the son of the sociologist Howard W. Odum, and brother of the American ecologist, educator, and author Eugene Pleasants Odum.
		This step took him from his early interest in ornithology and brought him into the emerging field of systems ecology.
		Odum's most important contribution is the concept of "Emergy", sometimes briefly defined as "energy memory." Odum looked at natural systems as having been formed by the use of various forms of energy in the past.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Howard_T._Odum (629 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue
		Marine Ecology: Processes, Systems, and Impacts offers a carefully balanced, stimulating survey of marine ecology, introducing the key processes and systems from which the marine environment is formed, and the issues and challenges which surround its future conservation.
		In contrast, marine ecology, as a discipline, does not examine the biology of the organisms themselves, but focuses on how they interact null at the level of individuals, populations, and communities, how marine ecosystems are maintained, and how these systems can be damaged by external influences, including human activity.
		Opening with an overview of those processes which are central to an understanding of marine ecology, the book goes on to explore the diverse systems from which the marine environment is composed, from estuaries to seabeds, the deep sea to polar regions.
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199249756 (981 words)

	Ecology Degree Pathways, Ecology Programme, University of Otago, New Zealand
		Ecology Degree Pathways, Ecology Programme, University of Otago, New Zealand
		For variations on the potential degree pathways shown please refer to the University calendar, related departments, or the Director of the Ecology Degree Programme.
		These pathways indicate particular papers that are required and/or recommended for particular specialisations in Ecology.
	www.otago.ac.nz /ecology/pathways.html (322 words)

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